高考语法填空专项训练――介词
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语法填空专项训练---介词
介词是高考中的一个重要考点,在高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定,所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词),主要考点有:
1.表示时间介词有
at, in, on表示时间点和时间段by 不迟于,到……时为止after 在……之后before在……之前
for 表示一段时间during在……期间within在……期间,不超过since自从…throughout 贯穿……期间until/till直到from…to…从……到between在…之间
over 在……期间,过完一段时间
2.表示方位的介词有
into 进入out of从……出来(a)round 围饶着或在……的各处along沿着
towards向或朝着to到或向from从
up沿……而上
off从……离开或下来at朝着或向着for到…去
down沿..而下
at在某一点或在(某物)旁in在某一范围内on在某物的表面上between在(两者)之间
above在……的上头或高出below在…下面或低于among在(多者)之中around在……周围
inside在……的里面outside在……的外面before在……之前behind在……的后面
over在……的上方或上面under在……的下面或下方;beside/by在……的旁边near在……的附近beyond在……的那一边,远于,超过(某事物的范围) across在……的对面或那一边against 靠着
across从一边到另一边by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过
over从某人或某物的上空经过through从某事物的里面经过。
3. 表示原因的介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at
( at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因,相当于“听到或看到” )等。
4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有
By 乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过in用(某种语言或材料,如墨水, 抽象的文具 in ink, in pen, in pencil等) with用(具体的工具),和……一起;through通过(实践或书本)等
。
5. 表示“除……外”的介词有 except, besides, but, except for等。
6. 表示“数量”的介词有 about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等
表示“关于”的介词有on, about等;
表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的介词有of
表示(增加/减少,相差,高出等的)程度的介词有by
以及as(当作,作为),like(像…一样)等。
7. 能接复合宾语的介词有 with和without
8. 短语中的介词。“动词+介词”短语,look after, care for,congratulations on等;
“动词+副词+介词”短语 catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等;
“动词+名词+介词”take are of, take notice of等;
“名词+介词”,effect on等。
解题技巧:
1. 什么情况下可能是填介词?
我们首先必须知道两点:
(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;
(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。
因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时,且他们不是在句中作主语,也不是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能是填介词。
2. 应该填哪个介词?
在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:
(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。
[例1 ]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day...
分析:累了必定是在干了一整天活之后,故填after;另外,表示“因……而累”,be tired from也是固定短语,故也可填from。
(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。
[例2]Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. _____these proverbs there are often interesting stories.
分析:因these
proverbs是名词,且不是作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能是填介词;句意是“在中国的这些成语故事
的背后常常有有趣的故事”,表示“在……背后”,用介词behind。
(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。
[例3] You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much. (福建)
(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的
介词。
[例4]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______a guest in their house.
分析:句意是“把我们作为客人接待”,表示“当作,作为”用介词as。
一、单句填空:用适当的介词填空。
1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ___________ a chair. (安徽)
2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ___________ the back door. (北京)
3. A great man shows his greatness ___________ the way he treats little men. (福建)
4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _________ her foot wounded so much. (福建)
5. I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and _______________ the point. (辽宁)
6. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _________ a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏)
7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____________ working here. (全国Ⅱ)
8. I began to feel _____________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)
9. Elizabeth has already achieved success ______________ her wildest dreams. (陕西)
10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _______________ the weather. (浙江)
11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ___________ girls of your age. (北京)
12. Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. (福建)
13. ______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南)
14. Scientists are convinced _________ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health. (江西)