英语基础写作讲义

英语基础写作讲义

、写作基本要求

①字数（字数不够怎么办）

②信息完整

③语法可接受

④行文连贯

⑤词汇与句式多变

二、写作规范

①标点

顿号、’”英语没有顿号，一般用逗号取代。汉语中用顿号表示一句话中间并列的词和词组之间的停顿。

书名号汉语书名号为《》，表示书籍、报刊等名称。英语中不用书名号，而是用斜体字表示，以区别于印刷体；但打字或书写时，因没有斜体字，便在书名或刊名下划一横线。句号英语的句号是是实心的小圆点，即“.”常用于陈述句和祈使句之后。而汉语的句号是

空心圆圈，即。”。

省略号英语的省略是三个实心的小圆点，位于一行的中间。

②字母大小写（题目应放在第一行的中间，第一个单词的首字母和每一个名词、动词、形容词、副词等的首字母都要大写。）

③选词

在写作中特别要注意，不能过多使用过于口语化的词汇，要书面化。Cool - very good

④书写（注意格式）

三、写作基本结构框架

文章结构：

-±-

Begi nnin g+Body1+...+Body N+ Ending

Body 的结构：Topic sentence+ Supporting sentence+ Concluding sentence

段落是文章的基本构成成分，其作用是围绕文章的主题或中心思想从不同角度进行有组织的、逻辑性强的说明或阐述。段落由一系列围绕同一主题的句子组成。当新的主题出现时，就应开始新的段落。段落一般由三部分构成：主题句（topic sentence、支撑句（supporting sentence 或扩展句（developing sentence 和结尾句（concluding sentence。请看下面的一篇短文：

What is a topic sentence?

The topic sentence in troduces the paragraph.

What does it do?

It tells the reader what your paragraph will be about.

Example:

There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reas on is that En glish has

become an international Ianguage. It is now used by most international compa ni es, in clud ing the compa ny where I work, for bus in ess com muni catio n. Another reason why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United States,

England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary Ianguage.

Finally, I want to learn English because I plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will

become a manager for my compa ny soon. For all these reas on s, I am very excited about lear ning En glish.

ANALYSIS:

What are you going to tell the reader about?

Topic Sentence There are three reas ons why I want to lear n En glish.

文章中的第一句就是段落的主题句，顾名思义，段落的主题句是表达该段落主题或中心思想的句子，段落的其他句子都是对该主题句的进一步扩展或论证。所以，写好主题句往往是写好文章的关键。在构思主题句时，应注意两个常见的问题，一是主题句太空泛，没有具体内容；二是因一个段落中出现一个以上的主题句而使得段落的中心内容不明确。段落的主题句一般位于段落的开头，尤其是对议论文更是如此。

同样是这篇文章，我们再来看一下它的支撑句。

Support ing Senten ces

What are supporting sentences?

support ing senten ces come after the topic senten ce, to expla in your topic senten ce. The support ing senten ces with their support ing details make up the body of a paragraph.

What do supporting sentences do?

They give information to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph.

How do I write supporting sentences?

You should give in formati on, facts, details, and examples. support ing senten ces ofte n an swer the questi on "Why?"

Example:

There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English

has become an international language!! is now used by most international

companies, including the company where I work, for business communication.

Another reason why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-

speaking countries. The United States, England, Australia and many other

countries all use English as their primary Ianguage. Finally, I want to learn English

becausel plan to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a man ager for my

compa ny soon. For those reas on s, I want to lear n En glish.

ANALYSIS:

Why do you want to learn English?

Main point: because En glish has become an intern ati on al la nguage

一篇文章要有始有终，到了文章的结束部分，往往会出现结尾句。

Closing Sentence (Conclusion)

What is the closing sentence?

The clos ing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.

What does it do?

It restates the main idea of your paragraph. It tells the reader what you were writing about.

How do I write a closing sentence?

Restate the main idea of the paragraph using differe nt words.

Example:

There are three reasons why I want to learn English. One reason is that English has

become an intern ati on al la nguage. It is now used by most intern ati onal compa ni es, in cludi ng the compa ny where I work, for bus in ess commu ni catio n. Ano ther reas on why I want to learn English is so that I can travel to English-speaking countries. The United

States, England, Australia and many other countries all use English as their primary Ian

guage. Fin ally, I want to learn En glish because I pla n to move to the U.S. in the future. I will become a manager for my company soon. For all these reasons, I am very excited

about learning English.

ANALYSIS:

What did you tell the reader about?