2020届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义(三十一)高考语法句子成分(主谓宾表定状补同位)考点最全整理解析

2020届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（三十一）

高考语法句子成分（主谓宾表定状补同位）考点最全整理解析学习句子成分有几点须弄明白

1. 句子的主干部分：主、谓、宾、表；句子的修饰成分：定、状、补、同位语

2. 句子中某一成分不要只理解为一个单词，它可以是以单词、词组或句子的形式出现；

3. 分清整体与局部的关系；要明白XX作XX的(成分)；如：...作...的宾语；

4. 主、宾、表、同表示名词性质；定语表示形容词性质；状语表副词性质

5. 短语动词，短语名词可当成一个单词来看，不必拆分，所以学习单词时最好以意群或语块为单位进行；

6. 词性是对单词进行分类，是一个单词的性质; 成分是对句子而言, 一个成分可以是单词，短语，句子, 是句子中的某一个意群。

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一．主语

a. 谓语动词前，动作的执行者。

1. English is widely used all over the world.

2. We like English very much.

3. They often speak English after class.

4. One third of the students in our class are good at English.

5. To master a foreign language is necessary.

=It is necessary to master a foreign language.

6. To swim in summer is a great pleasure.

=It is a great pleasure to swim in summer.

7. Playing football in the street is dangerous.

8. Learning new words is very useful to me.

9. What he said is true.

10. Why he failed the English exam wasn’t clear.

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二．谓语

a. 主语所做的动作或具有的状态。

b. 可以由连系动词(be, become, smell…), 及物动词(vt,后须带宾语), 不及物动词(vi,后不直接带宾语), 情态动词(must, may, can…)加动词原形及短语动词来充当；

c. 谓语动词的时态与语态；

d. 不作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词，动词作其它成分。

1. He looked a bit excited.

2. They have been here for several days.

3. Li Ming fell ill last week.

4. The foreign guests have already left.

5. My sister teaches in a middle school.

6. They have five English lessons every week.

7. I have not finished my work yet.

8. I must learn to speak English.

9. Old people should be taken good care of.

10. We are looking forward to hearing from you.

11. We are going to call on him tonight.

b. ...作...的宾语。

1. He is going to buy a dictionary.

2. I need three pieces of paper.

3. We are thinking about the plan.

4. We should learn from him.

5. We should respect the old and love the young.

6. Mr. Wang practices speaking English every day.

7. She is considering studying abroad.

8. I hope to see you soon again.

9. Kate has decided not to go to the party this evening.

10. I think it our duty that we should protect the environment.

11. Do you understand what I said?

12. I don’t know whether she likes the bag.

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五．定语

a. 用来限定，修饰名词或代词。要注意定语后置的情况。

b. ...限定...(名、代)。

1. Hangzhou is a beautiful city

2. More than thirty students in our class have read the book.

3. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.

4. You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.

5. There are over sixty women teachers in our school.

6. Have you got anything to say? I have lots of work to do.

7. Who is the girl in red/ under the tree/ speaking at the meeting?

8. He is reading an article about how to learn English.

9. The bridge built 100 years ago is being repaired.

10. The man in the room below is friendly.

11. He is a teacher whom every student likes.

12. I still remember the day when I first met her.

定语后置的情况:

1. 介词短语作定语

the students in our class/ the boy under the tree

2. doing/done/to do短语作定语

the bridge built 100 years ago /

the language spoken there

something to do

3. 形容词修饰不定代词any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等

something interesting/new

4. here/ there/ above/ below/concerned （相关的） / present/