江苏省13市全2020届高三英语任务型阅读期末分类汇编

江苏省大地级市2020届高三最新期末分类汇编：

任务型阅读

（江苏省镇江市2020届高三上学期期末）第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

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The Age of Envy: How to Be Happy When Everyone Else's Life Looks Perfect We live in the age of envy. Career envy, kitchen envy, children envy, food envy, upper arm envy, holiday envy. You name it, there's an envy for it. Human beings have always felt what Aristotle defined in the 4th century BC as pain at the sight of another's good fortune, stirred by the feeling of “those who have what we ought to have”．

But with social media, says Ethan Kross, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, “envy is b eing taken to an extreme.” We are constantly bombarded by “photoshopped lives，”he says, “and that exerts a toll on us the likes of which we have never experienced in the history of our species.”

Clinical psychological Rachel Andrew says she is seeing more and more envy in her consulting room, from people who “can't achieve the lifestyle they want but which they see others have.”Our use of platforms including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, she says, amplifies (放大)this deeply disturbing psychological discord(失调), “I think what social media has done is make everyone accessible for comparison，”she explains. “In the past, people might have just envied their neighbors, but now we can compare ourselves with everyone across the world.”

And those comparisons are now much less realistic. Andrew has observed among her patients that knowing they are looking at an edited version of reality is no defense against the emotional force of envy. “What I notice is that most of us can intellectualize what we see on social media platforms—we know that these images and narratives that are presented aren't real, we can talk about it and rationalize it—but on an emotional level, it's still pushing buttons. If those images or narratives tap into what we aspire to, but what we don't have, then it becomes very powerful.”

According to Dryden, a cognitive behavioral therapist, when it comes to the kind of envy inspired by social media, there are two factors that make a person more vulnerable (易受伤害的)：low self-esteem and deprivation intolerance, which describes the experience of being unable to bear not getting what you want. To overcome this, he says, think about what you would teach a child. The aim is to develop a philosophy, a way of being in the world, which allows you to recognize when someone else has something that you want but don't have, and also to recognize that you can survive without it, and that not having it does not make you less worthy or less of a person.

We could also try to change the way we habitually use social media. Kross explains that most the time, people use Facebook passively and just idly, lazily reading instead of posting, messaging or commenting. “That is interesting when you realize it is the passive usage that is supposed to be more harmful than the active. The links between passive usage and feeling worse are very robust—we have huge data sets involving tens of thousands of people，”he says. While it is less clear how active usage affects well­being, there does seem to be a small positive link, he explains, between using Facebook to connect with others and feeling better.