心理学专业外语翻译第20页

Controversial applications of psychology ——psychometric testing Kline（1992）suggests that psychological tests fall into one of five categories：

●Ability tests—those measuring

intelligence，general reasoning，

verbal，numerical or spatial ability.

●Aptitude tests—those measuring

specialised skills , such as hand-eye

co-ordination or attention in pilot

selection .

●Personality tests –those measuring

traits or characteristics such as

Eysenck’s personality inventory

(which assesses extroversion, ect.).

●Motivational tests - those measuring

drive and interest for the purpose of

vocational guidance.

●Other tests –those measuring mental

disorders or learning deficits.

A psychometric test is one that measures some aspect of a person’s psychological functioning to provide a score which can

●enable comparisons to be made with

the scores of other people (some

tests are standardized around a

population

心理学应用的争议——心理测量

保罗·克兰（1922）提议将心理测量分为五种类型：

●能力测试——它们测量智力、一般

推理，语言、数字运算或空间关系

的能力。

●能力倾向测试——测试特殊能力，

像手眼协调能力或是飞行员选拔

中的注意力分配。

●人格测试——测试的是特质或特

性，像艾森克的人格问卷（用于评

估外倾力等等）

●动机测试——测试内驱力以及有

目标导向的兴趣

其它测试——测试精神疾病或学习障碍。

心理测试通过测量一个人心理机能的某些方面来得到一个分数。

这个分数可以用来与他人的进行比较（一些测验标准是依据人们的平均数或标准制定的，使得分数在比较中更为准确）

average or norm, enabling scores to be more accurately compared).

●enable predictions to be made

concerning future behavior and

performance .

Psychometric tests are, thus, obviously of use in selection purposes, to distinguish between individuals and to decide which are the most suitable for certain tasks, careers or special treatment. Given their significant potential importance, the key controversial issues become:

IS THE TEST FAIRLY CONDUCTED

The psychologist must take into account ●conditions of testing -which must be

the same for all those being tested

or differences may be due , for

example , to distractions

●experience of testing - experience of

testing may lead to better

performance due to practice , or just

familiarity leading to less anxiety .

●motivation and intentions of those

tested –unmotivated subjects will

perform under their

capability ,highly motivated subjects may give socially desirable answers or lie ●这些分数还可以对未来的行为和

成绩作出预测。

心理学测量常用在选拔性项目上，用来分辨个体间的不同，以确定哪一个人最适合特定任务，职业或是专业化操作。由于心理学测验具有重大的潜在价值，产生了以下争论：

测试的实施是否公平？

心理学家必须考虑

●测试条件——所用被试的测试条

件必须相同，或者说测试结果与预

期的不同是因为例如，注意力的分

配。

●测试经验——测试经验可能导致

较好的成绩，这是因为进行了练习

或者是因为熟悉性导致焦虑减少。

●被测者的动机和意图——动机不强的被试，成绩会在他们的能力之下，而动机过强的被试，可能会为给出社会所期望的答案或说谎。