中英文文献翻译-柔性制造技术

附录
附录A 英文文献
Flexible manufacturing technology
Flexible manufacturing technology also says flexible integrated manufacturing technology, is the modern advanced manufacturing technology collectively. Flexible manufacturing technology set automation technology, information technology and production processing technology in a body, before the factory in the isolated each enterprise engineering design, manufacture, operation management process in the computer and software and the support of the database, which constitute a covers the whole enterprise of organic department
The so-called "flexible", that is, flexibility, mainly displays in: (1) the production equipment parts, components can be processed according to the needs of product transformation, (2) on the processing of products can be quickly adjust according to need batch; (3) the performance parameters of processing products can be quickly change and promptly put into production; (4) can rapidly and effectively integrated application of new technology; (5) to users, trade partners and suppliers to changing needs and special requirements can quickly make reaction. Using the flexible manufacturing technology enterprise, usually can meet the changeable and varieties of the small batch production requirements of war, can quickly expanding production capacity, and the product high quality and reasonable price. Flexible manufacturing equipment can be in don't need a lot of the additional investment under the condition of the continuous provide the new technology, new technology ability, also do not need special facilities, can produce the special military products.
Characteristics:
(1)Flexible manufacturing technology from the group technology develops, therefore, flexible manufacturing technology is still with the imprint of group technology-the other three similar principles: a similar shape; Similar size and process similar.
(2)The three similar principles will be flexible manufacturing technology the prerequisite. Every accords with three similar multi-species processing of the principle of phase of flexible production line, can do the most provinces (using equipment investment at least, the workshop area minimum) the producing efficiency is the highest (can be mixed flow production, no stop loss); The best economic benefit (lowest cost). varieties large volume production, even though every species of batch is relatively small, DuoGe small batch is the sum total of mass, so also can form flexible production line and almost no shutdown losses, design utilization innings.
(3) Flexible manufacturing technology portfolio of today's machine technology, monitoring technology, detection technology, cutting tool technology, transmission technology, electronic technology and computer technology with high quality, essence, high reliability, high automation and high efficiency.
(4) Can shorten the time of the new products launched, over to fast, adapt to the changing market demand.
(5) Can reduce factory in another piece of improving the quality of product and inventory, reduce the cost of product.
(6) Reduce the number of workers, reduce labor intensity.
(7) One-time investment.
2. A flexible production technology, however, the application of mechanism made
(1) The manufacture of internal combustion engine, the overseas many medium and small batch production, most varieties with the principle of concentration, the process processing center, nc machine tools, flexible manufacturing unit and flexible manufacturing system. Therefore, high flexibility, change the time than general adjustment varieties reduced by more than 75%, despite the production line, but the initial investment total economic benefits is good.
(2) Many varieties of mass production, using the flexible manufacturing line, the production line is mainly composed of change box, to tower, change the tools processing center, nc machine tools and the numerical control of special machine tool. Exchange box processing center, the automatic replacement storage reservoir of spindle box number, but by a few to ten few, so together can satisfy the mass of many varieties processing.
(3) Many varieties of flexible production line of mass production. Not only in many varieties of foreign large quantities of cases using the flexible production line, and in many varieties mass (several hundred thousand to hundreds of thousands of) also using the flexible production line, this kind of many varieties of large Numbers of flexible production line with computer control three coordinates module, these specialized module, can change the knife is, changing box, also can be turned the tower head. By three coordinates processing module instead of a special machine, improve the combination of flexible production line, not only can apply varieties repeatedly production, can also mixed flow production. The production line though, but the initial investment because production line can full load production, high efficiency, the processing quality is reliable, the products of good quality, high reliability, low malfunction, maintenance costs less, so the product cost low, and the economic benefit is good.
2. Flexible manufacturing in internal combustion engine machining technology application
Domestic internal combustion engine manufacturing, mechanical processing line to automation line and mechanization production line is given priority to, including engine block and the shortcoming of the processing to automatic line is given priority to, crankshaft, CAM shaft and the connecting rod, the Lord with mechanization production which is a, but online inserted with process for automatic line.
附录
附录B 英文翻译
柔性制造技术
柔性制造技术也称柔性集成制造技术，是现代先进制造技术的统称。

柔性制造技术集自动化技术、信息技术和制作加工技术于一体，把以往工厂企业中相互孤立的工程设计、制造、经营管理等过程，在计算机及其软件和数据库的支持下，构成一个覆盖整个企业的有机系
所谓“柔性”，即灵活性，主要表现在：①生产设备的零件、部件可根据所加工产品的需要变换；②对加工产品的批量可根据需要迅速调整；③对加工产品的性能参数可迅速改变并及时投入生产；④可迅速而有效地综合应用新技术；⑤对用户、贸易伙伴和供应商的需求变化及特殊要求能迅速做出反应。

采用柔性制造技术的企业，平时能满足品种多变而批量很小的生产需求，战时能迅速扩大生产能力，而且产品质优价廉。

柔性制造设备可在无需大量追加投资的条件下提供连续采用新技术、新工艺的能力，也不需要专门的设施，就可生产出特殊的军用产品。

特点:
(1) 柔性制造技术是从成组技术发展起来的，因此，柔性制造技术仍带有成组技术的烙印——另件三相似原则;形状相似；尺寸相似和工艺相似。

这三相似原则就成为柔性制造技术的前提条件。

凡符合三相似相原则的多品种加工的柔性生产线，可以做到投资最省(使用设备最少，厂房面积最小)生产效率最高(可以混流生产，无停机损失)；经济效益最好(成本最低)。

(2) 品种中大批量生产时，虽然每个品种的批量相对来说是小的，多个小批量的总和也可构成大批量，因此柔性生产线几乎无停工损失，设计利用率局。

(3) 柔性制造技术组合了当今机床技术、监控技术、检测技术、刀具技术、传输技术、电子技术和计算机技术的精华，具有高质量、高可靠性、高自动化和高效率。

(4) 可缩短新产品的上马时间，转产快，适应瞬息万变的市场需求。

(5) 可减少工厂内另件的库存，改善产品质量和降低产品成本。

(6) 减少工人数量，减轻工人劳动强度。

(7) 一次性投资大。

1、柔性制造技术在内然机制造方面的应用
(1) 国外内燃机的制造，对多品种中小批量生产，大多数采用工序集中的原则，采用加工中心，数控机床，柔性制造单元和柔性制造系统。

因此，柔性化较高，更换品种的调整时间比一般生产线减少75%以上，尽管初期投资大，但总的经济效益是好的。

(2) 多品种中大批量生产，采用柔性制造线，生产线主要由换箱、转塔、换刀加工中心，数控机床和数控专用机床组成。

对换箱加工中心，目前自动更换储贮主轴箱的数目很多，可由几个至十几个，所以组合起来能满足中大批量多品种加工。

(3) 多品种大批量生产的柔性生产线。

国外不仅在多品种中大批量的情况下采用柔性生产线，而且在多品种大批量(十几万到数十万)的情况下也采用柔性生产线，这种多品种大批量的柔性生产线由计算机控制的三座标模块组成，这些专门化的模块，可以是换刀的、换箱的、也可以是转塔头的。

由三座标加工模块代替组合专用机床，提高了生产线的柔性，不仅可以适用多品种的轮番生产，还可以混流生产。

该类生产线虽然初期投资大，但由于生产线可以满负荷生产，生产效率高，加工质量可靠，产品质量好，故障少，可靠性高，维修费用少，因此产品成本低，经济效益好。

2. 柔性制造在内燃机机加工技术的应用
国内内燃机的制造，机械加工线以自动化线和机械化生产线为主，其中发动机机体和缸盖的加工以自动线为主，曲轴、凸轮轴和连杆等主件以机械化生产为多，但线上插有工序为自动线。