文学考研指南 1

文学大题怎么准备 ? 要注意哪些东西 ?

1.拿住基本分：作品出处、作者、写作目的或背景。

2.注意审题，围绕问题回答，不要答偏. 答题时的观点应大致符合指定书目的观点, 允许有一定的创新,

但要得自圆其说.

3.注意重点人物\年代或事件的拼写正确.

备注：根据分值，估计写的内容的长短。和政治一样，这也是给点打分的。字迹清晰，黑笔。

小说和诗歌分析时分别从什么方面着手 ?

小说和诗歌分析的共同点: 作品的基本信息(作者\出处\写作背景或目的), 主要内容, 主题,修辞手法,在文学中的地位和影响力.

小说: 从main idea, plot, character, setting(atmosphere), point of view, other elements of fiction几方面着手，详细分析方法可见公共邮箱中的《小说欣赏课》的课件。注意：每部作品可能只有一个或几个要素比较突出，所以分析时只要侧重那几个比较突出的要素即可。

附：小说欣赏课所涉及的文本分析：

Araby James Joyce

The story of an hour Chopin

The Cask of amontillado Poe

Young Goodman Brown Hawthorne

A clean, well-lighted place, Hills like white elephant Hemingway

A Rose for Emily Faulkner

A&P Updike

Everyday Use Alice Walker

A Father-to-be Saul Bellow

诗歌: background, main idea, 诗歌类型(e.g. blank verse, free verse), 诗歌形式（rhyme scheme, rhythm），theme, tone, image, figure of speech

具体分析方法参见公共邮箱中的how to appreciate the poetry.

例子：

Read the following poem and answer the questions

Lord byron’s She walks in beauty is among the most memorable and most quoted poems in romantic poetry.In June,1814,Byron attended a party where he was inspired by the sight of his cousin,the beautiful Mrs. Wilmot,who was wearing a black spangled mourning dress,and it became the essence of this poem about her.

She Walks in Beauty

SHE walks in beauty, like the night

Of cloudless climes and starry skies,

And all that's best of dark and bright

Meets in her aspect and her eyes;

Thus mellow'd to that tender light 5

Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,

Had half impair'd the nameless grace

Which waves in every raven tress

Or softly lightens o'er her face, 10

Where thoughts serenely sweet express

How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek and o'er that brow

So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,

The smiles that win, the tints that glow, 15

But tell of days in goodness spent,—

A mind at peace with all below,

A heart whose love is innocent.

1.Summarize the charm of the lady who”walks in beauty”.3分

Her charm not only lies in the impressive physical beauty, a splendid mixture of images of darkness and light, but also her interior strengths, that is, her good nature and kindness.

2.What figures of speech are usedin this poem?could you give some examples?4分

Simile: liken the lady who was dressed in a black mourning gown to the starry sky in the cloudless night.

Exaggeration: highlight the beauty of the lady to the extreme degree by describing her grace with the following sentences: one shade the more, one ray the less would have damaged such beauty. Contrast: Byron makes a contrast between the two opposing forces, the light and darkness and epitomizes the balance of these forces to deepen the image of the beautiful and graceful lady.

3.How does this poem reflect features of romantic poetry?4分

Many Romantic poets embrace the concept of self -expression through the use of imagination to convey their personal visions of life and express their powerful feelings. All these elements are evident in this poem. Byron appeals to the fancy and creates the fresh idea that light can be emitted through the darkness of night. What’s more, he tries his utmost to describe his muse, which reveals his passionate respect for her beauty both internal and external.

X. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions. Read it and answer the following questions:(15)

One night I accidentally bumped into a man, and perhaps because of the near darkness he saw me and called me an insulting name. I sprang at him, seized his coat lapels and demanded that he apologize. He was a tall blond man, and as my face close to his he looked insolently out of his blue eyes and cursed me, his breath hot in my face as he struggled. I pulled his chin down sharp upon the blood gush out, and I yelled, "Apologize! Apologize!" But he continued to curse and struggle, and I butted him again and again until he went down heavily, on his knees, profusely bleeding. I kicked him repeatedly, in a frenzy because he still uttered insults though his lips were frothy with blood. Oh yes, I kicked him! And in my outrage I got out my knife and prepared to slit his throat, right there beneath the lamplight in the deserted street, holding him by the collar with one hand, and opening the knife with my teeth - when it occurred to me that man had not see me, actually; that me, as far as he knew, was in the midst of a walking nightmare! And I stopped the blade, slicing the air as I pushed him away, letting him fall back to the street.

I stared at him hard as the lights of a car stabbed through the darkness, he lay there, moaning on the asphalt; a man almost killed by a phantom. It unnerved me. I was both disgusted and ashamed.

I was like a drunken man myself, wavering about on weakened legs. Then I was amused. Something in this man\'s thick head has sprung out and beaten him within an inch of his life. I began to laugh at this crazy discovery. Would he have awakened at the point of death? Would Death himself have freed him for wakeful living? But I didn\'t linger. I ran away into the dark, laughing so hard I feared I might rupture myself. The next day I saw his picture in the Daily News, because a captain stating that he has been "mugged". Poor fool, poor blind fool, I thought with sincere compassion, mugged by an invisible man!

1. What novel is this excerpt chosen from? Who is the author?

Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison

2. Summarize the narrator\'s change of emotion in encountering the white man and analyze the causes for the change.

At first, outrageous for the blond man insulted him and refused to make an apology. The narrator attacked him and prepared to slit his throat. However, only at the last minute did he come to his senses, sadly realizing that the blond man insulted him because he was just like other white men deeply influenced by racial discriminations and tended to regard the narrator as the invisible man.

3. What is the significance of this novel in literature history?

Its significance mainly lies in its unparallel position in the African American literature. The novel addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century, discusses the intense black-white relation and the black’s rebellious stance towards a repressive society which denies their existence, and involves multiple styles and tones, which makes the black American literature attain to a higher degree of maturity.

What’s more, some of its themes, for instance, men’s struggle for individuality and self-realization, transcend racial boundaries and reach for the universal concerns for all the human beings.

我只想到了这两点，详见常的《美国文学简史》或学校制定用书，应该有更详细的解释。

This passage is an excerpt from Ernest Hemingway’s short story ”The Killer”.Read it and answer the following questions

“Talk to me, bright boy,” Max said. “What do you think’s going to happen?”