英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点(UnitUnit)
0015英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点(Unit1-Unit3)
0015英语二全国自考复习重点Unit 1:1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。
分析：该句是主系表结构。
made from among alternative courses of action that are available是过去分词短语做定语修饰a choice; 其中that are available是定语从句修饰courses of action.像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。
这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。
分析：该句又是主系表结构。
That引导三个并列的表语从句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。
短语：make a decision:做出决策；stand in the way: 阻挡、防碍3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。
全国英语二自考知识点总结
全国英语二自考知识点总结一、单元一：Unit 11.词汇知识首先学习了有关家庭和亲属关系的词汇。
根据不同的年龄和性别，家庭成员有爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、弟弟、儿子、女儿等。
亲属关系包括父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等。
2. 语法知识The use of the verb "to be"主要通过学习“be动词”的用法及其扩展，掌握了be动词的不同形式——am、is、are，以及其用法和基本句型。
英语中的复数形式了解了英语中名词的复数形式的构成规则，掌握了常见名词复数形式的变化规则。
3. 阅读技能通过描述和介绍家庭生活等内容的基础英语对话，学会了正确地理解阅读中的词语和句子，提高了阅读理解能力。
4. 写作技能掌握日常生活中描述家庭成员、自己爱好以及介绍自己的能力。
同时，学习了一般现在时的句子结构及常见问句的构成和用法，提高了日常生活中口语交际的能力。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料听懂日常生活中的一些简单对话，提高了日常生活中的交际能力。
二、单元二：Unit 21. 词汇知识学习了身体部位的名称，如head，shoulder，arm，hand，finger，leg，foot等。
2. 语法知识The use of the Simple Present Tense学习了一般现在时的基本构成和常见句型，提高了一般现在时的使用能力。
动词的否定句和疑问句掌握了动词的否定形式和疑问形式的基本构成和用法，提高了相关问句句型的灵活运用。
3. 阅读技能阅读理解内容主要涉及描述人体部位的基础知识，通过阅读加深了对这些知识的掌握和理解。
4. 写作技能学习了用英语如何正确描述自己的身体部位和健康状况，提高了描述自己和他人的能力，了解了一般现在时句型的使用。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料了解日常对话中关于身体部位和健康状况的内容，提高了日常交际和应对紧急情况的能力。
三、单元三：Unit 31. 词汇知识学习了有关学校生活的词汇，包括学校设施、课程安排、学习用品等。
0015英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点（Unit4-Unit6）
0015英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点（Unit4-Unit6）0015英语二全国自考单元句子复习重点(Unit4-Unit6)Unit 41. There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (p1)译：据估计，在英国工作的外籍家佣有20000多人。
句子分析：此句为there be句型的变体。
该句型是英语中常见句式，称“存在句”谓语动词一般由be充当，但还可以根据句意换成其它动词，如：1). There are a lot of people in the meeting room.2). There will be a meeting tomorrow.3). There used to be a church at the corner of the street.4). There happened to be an old friend of mine in the hotel.5). There is sure to rain tomorrow.6). There stands a bank next to my school.另外，working in Britain是现在分词作定语，修饰domestic servants。
2. Of these 20000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. (p1)译：根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的活动组织声称，在这20000名佣人中又近2000人被他们的雇主剥削和虐待。
自考英语二00015短语及重点语句
自考英语二00015短语及重点语句Unit1 The Power of Language Phrases and Expressionsapply to to use something or make something work in a particular situation 使用;应用put forth to suggest an idea, explanation etc., especially one that other people later consider and discuss提出；产生take…into account to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decisionabout something 考虑到；顾及accept/take…at face value to believe that something is wha t it appears to be, without questioning it相信表面；信以为真with a grain of salt with reservations; skeptically 有保留的；持怀疑态度地carry out to do and complete a task 完成（任务）be up to to be for somebody to decide 取决于have an impact on/upon to have a powerful effect onsomebody/something 对…产生巨大影响rub…out to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc. 用橡皮擦掉(字迹等)be in control of to direct or manage an organization, anarea or a situation 掌握；管理；控制Key Sentences1.In either case, you must recognize and take into account anydifferences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
自考英语二重点复习资料
1. organizational: a 组织上的组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade __________. 4). He is the __________ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标；目标；a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的3. predict: v 预言、预示；预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家4. simplify: v 简化简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure. the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure. 4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；倾向于…，tend to do sth 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
英语二第二单元梳理
最后，本单元还对一些常见的语法错误进行了解析和纠正。在学习过程中，老师总结了一些学生容避错误、提高语言表达能力非常有帮助。
接着，本单元还涉及了一些词汇学习和语法练习。在学习词汇时，我注意到了一些常见的词根、词缀和构词法则，这些对于扩大词汇量和提高阅读能力非常有帮助。在语法练习中，我逐渐理解了一些比较复杂的句型和句子结构，通过大量的练习和模仿，我对这些语法知识有了更深刻的理解，也能够在写作和翻译中更加灵活地运用这些句型和结构。
英语二第二单元梳理
在本单元的学习中，我学到了很多关于英语语法和词汇的知识，通过课堂学习和课后复习，我的英语水平有了一定的提升。下面我将对本单元的重点内容进行梳理，希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这些知识点。
首先，本单元主要学习了定语从句的相关知识。定语从句是用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，它可以起到限制或者解释的作用，使句子更加丰富和具体。在定语从句的引导词中，关系代词包括“that, which, who, whom, whose”等，而关系副词主要有“when, where, why”等。掌握了这些关系词和关系副词的用法和搭配，就能够正确地构建定语从句，使句子表达更加准确和流畅。
其次，本单元还学习了虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气是用来表示假设、愿望、建议等具有虚拟意义的语气，在英语中有着特定的形式和结构。在虚拟条件句中，主句和从句的时态和语态要保持一致；在虚拟语气的使用中，要注意情态动词的用法，如“should, would, could, might”等。通过学习虚拟语气的相关知识，我更加清晰地理解了其在句子中的作用，也能够更加准确地运用虚拟语气进行表达。
自考英语（二）Unit4Thejoyofwork
自考英语（二）Unit4ThejoyofworkUnit 4 The joy of workText AWork is a blessingI grew up in Lakeland ,Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs and chickens and had a large garden, but it did n’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part -time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning. and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.我在路易斯安那州莱克兰长大，是家中12个孩子的其中一个。
我们都住在分母的自给自足的农场。
我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养殖猪和鸡，还有一个大花园，但没有带来很大的收益。
所以当我12岁的时候，我在马路边的一个奶牛场找到了一份兼职工作，帮忙挤牛奶。
我们一周工作七天，早上5点挤65头牛的奶，下午2点再挤一次。
In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said,” Y a know, boy, to work is blessing.”一个星期六，天还没亮的时候，我在厨房里向父亲和祖父抱怨要去挤牛奶。
自考英语(二)考试重点语法,课文重点讲义
虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)并列句、复合句(主从,宾从,表从,定从,状从,同位从)1. 简单句和并列句主谓, 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词+ 实意动词构成谓语. I shall go.主谓宾, 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定状语 A red book.Work hard.并列句 I worked and studied(x)I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句I study English. I think (that)… I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I don’t know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.(2) 主语从句That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.( it is the truth that..)Whether it is raining is not known.It is not known--computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题: In a sense, what he said amounts to threat.(3) 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.(4) 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.He wasn’t sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is?(5) 同位语从句(fact, news, idea, opinion, concern, hope, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, report,order, question, problem, belief, truth, answer, statement, promise, possibility.)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.(6) 状语从句时间状语从句When I studied, the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than/ he had hardly died when the family arguments began.地点状语从句He live where he liked.原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it, I do remember.I’m in a slightly awkward posit ion, in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.Bring it closer so that I may see it better.结果状语从句He brought a big house so( that) he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题:The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other条件状语从句If I make a promise, I keep it.I’ll lend you the money , as/so long as you take my advice.These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken. 让步状语从句Although/ though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Whatever/ No matter what happens, you must be calm and quiet.However/no matter how loudly you shout, you won’t be heard.方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if ( as though)比较状语从句(重点)She is as tall as Tom( is) I arrived as early as you (did)Mary was older/more careful than Tom( was)Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom( does)Bill speaks French ----( badly) than he writes it.The –( far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. further进(8) 定语从句在从句中成份+连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.( who主语) This is the film that I see.This is the boy who (whom)(--) you met yesterday. (主语)Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / (whom) I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when( on which) I joined the league.This is the house where( in which) I live./ This is the house I live in. 非限定性定语从句:He met Mary, who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom, whom/ who I found after the meeting.Her doctor, whose office was newly decorated, started to charge higherfee.His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery, about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhere用在定语从句和状语从句的区别I’ll go to the place (where I live)I’ll go wherever work conditions are difficult.定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news (that our team had won)was known to all.This is the film that (I see).考题: Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.a. asb. thatc. whod.whichAnyone ---( want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,---,to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.a. whereb. whichc. asd. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be; yet it was difficult to say what he she did.重点语法——动词的时态和语态时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week.Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment. Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned. No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began. Hardly….. whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated-( deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her.非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.表语 To know everything is to know nothing.定语 This is a book to be written.宾语 I want to study.He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it(make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, smell, listen to, hear,perceive)状语 Yesterday he came to see me.独立成份 To be frank, she is not my girlfriend.形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 不定式的时态和语态 to do(be) , to be+p.p.to have done, to have been done动名词主,表语 Seeing is believingTom’s going there won’t do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.定语 This is a swimming poor. ( a poor for swimming)This is a hiding place ( a place for hiding )宾语 I enjoy studying (mind, keep, appreciate, can’t help, consider, postpone,suggest,admit etc.)Do you mind my smoking here?介词+ 宾语I used to doing. (confess to, look forward to, object to doing sth.) be involve in, consist of, be fond of, etc.动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词状语 When I saw the film, I felt sad = Seeing the film, I felt sad. Because it is Sunday today, we have no school.It being Sunday, we have no school.When the job was finished, we went home straight away.The job finished, we went home straight away.定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.宾补 I found them watering flowers.( I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. ( I found the flowers watered)分词的时态和语态.( 形同动名词)doing (being) being donehaving done having been done______nothing to say, the boy shield way form the crowd.A. HavingB. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking ( take) on various forms.Not having got (not get) enough hands, she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2．A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted (convict)of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used( use) in experiments may decrease.Not have got (not, get)enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task．It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control ( control) his direction.As I’ll be away for a year，I’d appreciate hearing (hear)from you now and then．Object to , confess to , look forward to + doing.介词+ doing.If I had remembered --- the window, the thief would not have got in.a. to closeb. closingc. to have closed. having closed. Begin, start, intend, continue to do, doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做.I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open, but I couldn’t.I can’t find anywhere to live.______, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing及从句的固定用法It’s no use doing sth.It’s no use worrying about it. There’s nothing you can do.It’s (not) worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time (in) doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句1. 强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语1) 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2) 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3) 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4) 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句, 还可以是疑问句和感叹句.Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday? What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句, 被强调的部分也可以是从句.I was told that it was because he hadn’t received the invitation that he didn’t comeIt was there, the police believe,she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. thatB.untilC. whichD. when虚拟语气第一类型: 见词就填:A. (should ) do(should) beB. (should) be +过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A第一类型虚拟语气 B见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent, necessary, important, possible, essential, incredible, natural, ridiculous, vital, imperative, crucial, critical, proper, compulsory, etc.形容词带的从句: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.主语从句: It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed.宾语从句: He insisted that his daughter (should) come.表语从句: The doctor’s advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet. 同位语从句: He gave order that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.考题: They demanded that the right to vote----(give) to every adult person. [(should) be given]For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one, it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.isB.beC.wereD.would be第二类型: if 的非真实条件句( 可能性小或没有可能)注意: if 可以引导真实条件句,多是条件状语从句.第二类型虚拟语气 (时态到推的概念)第二类型虚拟语气举例省略if 的倒装were, had , should.If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.考题:_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not beenB. not beenC. Without beingD. not having been 特殊虚拟?Even if 形式上与if 相同Wish形式上大体与if 从句相同从句谓语与Wish同时 Wish+主语+V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.从句谓语发生Wish之前多用Wish+主语+had done(been)I wish that he had not made so much trouble.从句谓语发生Wish之后用Wish+主语+would(could) + v.I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)It is high time that we began to work.In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself.A. injureB. had injured c. injured d. would injure.Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作.倒装句全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances) Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say” yes.”What I did was to give her a book. Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesn’t like having to do their homework.连词连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever 连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor, 从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.A. otherwiseB. insteadC. neverthelessD. either不定代词Any,one,none,nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, manyAre you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.Used to , be used to doingFrank lives alone,. He doesn’t mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.词汇题常考动词搭配Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.完型填空题型分析考察重点主谓一致,动词时态和语态,名词的数,代词,形容词副词的比较级,介词和连词.常用词语搭配.70%考连词,代词,介词以及承上启下的其他词和词组.方法: 先跳空通读全文,然后根据语法结构, 语义连贯,词与词的搭配填空, 最后在通读全文. 注意顾全大局.选的是最佳答案.词型填空题大部分为动词.阅读理解题型分析考察(1)词和短语的意义(2)句子表达的各个内容之间的关系(3)文章的主题思想和大意(4)文章或某句的内在含义及推理(5)文章作者的态度.答题方法:先看题—阅读的难点不是考试的重点，不要死扣一句，第一段和最后一段, 段首和段尾句，多数题目可以在文章中找到相应的段落,句子或短语.翻译题评分原则为：(1) 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
自考英语二 unit 3 a tribute to the dog
• He is desperate to pursue his vocation as an artist. 他不顾一切地从事艺术的职业。
turn against 背叛
• turn out to 变成 • His well-planned party consequencely turned out to
7 一般将来时 be going to/will be+ done
1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态。
2. 像happen， take place等不及物动词是 没有被动语态的。
3.带有介词的短语动词的被动语态, 不 要漏掉介词。如：
The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照 顾。
4. 以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含 义：
⑴ 系动词feel，look，seem, appear， taste，sound，smell，prove，remain 等用主动形式表示被动意义, 主语通常 是事物。如：
The material feels very soft.这种料子 摸起来很柔软。
⑵ write，read, clean，sell，wash, cook，open，close，lock等的否定式 或与well, badly, easily等副词连用, 主 语由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现 或不能实现时。如：
惟虚心乃能进步。
• stick by 坚持忠于，不离不弃 • She'd stuck by Bob through thick and thin. • 她和鲍勃患难与共。 • They vowed to stick by one another no matter
自考“英语(二)”课文重点句型总结
自考“英语（二）”课文重点句型总结Unit 1·The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.决策的目的是为了建立并达到组织的目的和目的。
·Managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.管理者经常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，尽管不存侥幸。
·For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.对于管理者来说，每次决策都是受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。
·But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.但是这种简化倾向会他们对于其他的可选项视而不见。
·Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中哪一个是最好的—哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。
·Different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.·Because different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.因为个人通常会就如何达到目标持不同见解，所以最佳选择往往取决于谁来决策。
全国高等教育自学考试大学英语二复习资料Unit2B
Text B Worlds within WorldsNew Words1.planet n.行星2.revolve vi.旋转；绕转3.solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的rgely ad.1.大量地；2.主要地5.glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁n.闪光6.cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的7.unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的8.astronaut n.宇航员9.thrilling a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的10.outer a.外部的11.whereas conj.而，却；反之12.lesser a.较小的，更少的，次要的13.concerned a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的14.microscopic a.1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的15.whilst conj.1.当…时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管16.plateau ([复]plateaus或plateaux) n.高原17.tropical a.1.热带的；2.炎热的18.coloured a.有色的19.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰20.circumstance n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇Phrases and Expressions1.a great many 很多2.above all 首先，首要3.as a rule 通常；一般说来together with 和First of all let us consider the earth (that is to say, the world) as a planet revolving round the sun.The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun.These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar systems.How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery but astronomers tell us that it is only one of millions of similar systems in space, and one of the smallest.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more of less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them.About our own solar system, however, we are learning more every day.Before the American and Russian astronauts made their thrilling journeys into outer space it was difficult for us to realize what our earth looked like from hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the photographs which the astronauts were able to take show us the earth in space looking not very different from what the moon looks like when we look at it from the earth.The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.The moon, by the way, is called a satellite because it goes round our earth as well as round the sun.In our words, it goes round the sun with our earth.The surface of our earth is covered by masses of land and larger areas of water.Let us consider the water areas first.The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.The very large separate areas of water are called "oceans" and the lesser areas are called "seas."In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction ―that is to say, from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.The water which is flowing in this manner is said to be moving as a "current." There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas, but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.There currents are important because they affect the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscopic animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.The nature and characteristics of the surface of the land areas of the earth vary a great deal from area to area and from place to place.The surface of some areas consists largely of high mountains and deep valleys whilst, in other areas, most of the surface consists of plains.If one made a journey over the Continents one world find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, plateaux, deserts, tropical forestlands and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.When thinking and learning about the world we should not forget that our world is the home of a vary great many different people ― peoples with different coloured skins, livi ng very different lives and having very different ideas about a great many important things such as religion, government, education and social behaviour.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people , the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.词汇讲解：1.revolve v.旋转，绕转The earth revolves round / around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
自考英语二unit 1
Phrases & Expressions
• in the way e.g I will visit you on Sunday，if there is nothing in the way． 如果没有什么妨碍的话，我将在星期日去拜访你。 Mary tried to clean the house， but her baby got in the way． 玛丽想打扫房子，可是她的孩子总是碍手碍脚的。 • and the like= and so on • to seek to e.g Local schools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate. 当地学校正在争取降低失学率。 • in part= partly e.g His success is in part owing to luck．他的成功在某种程度上是由于走运。 It is in part your own fault that you have failed． 你的失败有一部分是你自己的过错造成的。
New Words
4.accomplish: accomplish 常接 task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词, 有时兼有“达成(效果)” 之意。 如：The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. 探险队在五周内完成了航程。 与finish, complete 的区别： complete 比 accomplish 具体, 可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词, 指“按预期目的 把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”, 主要涵义是“补足缺少的部分 ”, 如:The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。 finish 在许多情况下可与 complete 换用, 但没 complete 正式,常含有“认真仔 细地完成工作的最后阶 段的精工修饰, 使之完美”的意思。 如:I have finished the book. 我已读完了这本书。
自考英语二教材课文讲义unit
自考英语二教材课文讲义u n i t文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]Unit 1 The Power of Language?I. New words and expressions New words1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. non-fiction n. 纪实文学3. position n. 观点；态度；立场4. statement n. 说明；说法；表态5.?question?v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of question / out of the question6. evaluate v. 估计；评价；评估7. context n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8.?value?n. values [pl.]是非标准；价值观valuableinvaluable=pricelessvalueless9. represent?v. 描述；表现representative adj./n.10. assertion n. 明确肯定；断言11. sufficient?adj.?足够的；充足的sufficiencyinsufficient12. statistic n. statistics [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. authority?n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the authority on sth.authorize15. compare?v. 比较；对比compare A with Bcompare A to B16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inconsistency n. 不一致19. assumption n. 假定；假设20. case?n. 具体情况；事例in casein case of firein case that…a case in pointconfirmed/suspected cases21. directly adv. 直接地；径直地22. identify v. 找到；发现23. valid?adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的validity n. 有效性，正确（性）invalid24. credible?adj. 可信的；可靠的incredible=unbelievable25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. relevant?adj. 紧密相关的；切题的relevancy n. 关联；恰当irrelevant27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. appropriate?adj. 合适的；恰当的inappropriateIt's (not) appropriate that ….29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. considerably?adv. 非常；很；相当多地considerconsideringconsiderableconsiderateconsideration31. Democrat n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达34. informed?adj. 有学问的；有见识的well-informedill-informedPhrases and Expressions1. apply to 使用；应用2. put forth 提出；产生3. take … into account 考虑到；顾及4. accept/take … at face value 相信表面；信以为真5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. Text LearningCritical Reading①?(1)Critical reading?applies to?non-fiction writing?in which?the author?puts forth a position?or seeks to make a statement.?Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.?Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Critical reading?applies to?non-fiction writing?in which?the author?puts forth a position?or seeks to make a statement. apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable②?Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context?than?yours.?(2)Or, you may be reading something written?some time?ago in a different time context than yours.?(3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.?本部分重点及难点：2. Or, you may be reading something written?some time?ago in a different time context than yours.some time注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times3.?In either case, you must recognize and?take into account?any differences between your?values andattitudes?and?those?represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
2021自考英语二Unit1全
2021自考英语二Unit1全Unit 1 The Power of Language学习方法指南五个方面把握文章1）词 2）句 3）篇 4）义 5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重复，七天后再重复）课后习题1）结合课文里出现的要点，完成题目2）标记不熟练的题目，当天重复一遍，第二天再重复一遍，考前再重复一遍Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA FAMOUS QUOTELanguage is the dress of thought. --Samuel Johnson语言是思维的外衣。
--塞缪尔・约翰逊 Text A Critical Reading Pre-reading questions1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Vocabulary 词汇四点要求 1.音 2.义 3.衍生变化 4.用法/搭配 New Wordscritical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）；批判的 non-fiction n.纪实文学position n. 观点；态度；立场 statement n.说明；说法；表态 question v. 表示疑问；怀疑 evaluate vt. 估计；评价，评估context n. （事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉 value n. 是非标准；价值观represent v. 描述；表现 assertion n. 明确肯定；断言 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料 integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体authority n. 专家；学术权威；泰斗 compare v. 比较；对比subject n. 主题；题目；题材consistent adj. 相符的；符合的（consistency） inconsistency n. 不一致assumption n. 假定；假设 case n. 具体情况；事例 directly adv. 直接地；径直地identify v. 找到；发现valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 credible adj. 可信的；可靠的landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑；地标 relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 current adj. 现时发生的；当前的 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 biasn. 偏见；偏心；偏向considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地Democrat n.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者 Republican n.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者 reflect v. 显示；表明；表达informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 Phrases and Expressionsapply to 使用；适用于 put forth 提出；产生take sth into account 考虑；顾及accept/take sth at face value 相信表面；信以为真 with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地重点词汇critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of acceptingeverything at face value. 要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.其他用法：危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。
自考英语二unit 课件
自考英语二unit
Review of key words and pharses
• 看一下，扫视； glance at
• 浏览 glance through
• 从头开始，白手起家 from scratch
• 用完，耗尽 run out of /run out
• 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络
• 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的
• 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证
• assure sb. of sth.
• assure sb. that…
• 34. caution n. 警告；告诫
It is vital to do sth
场合，时机
自考英语二unit
• 问题，重要议题 issue
• 值得 deserve
• 结果 consequence
自考英语二unit
• Betray a trust is a very quick and particular way to terminate a friendship.
•
____ Ralph Waldo Emerson
自考英语二unit
Speaking Activity
• Making, Accepting and Refusing an Invitaion
• go out to dinner
外出吃晚餐
• anywhere particular
特别的地方
• in mind
He writes for some trendy magazine for the under-30s. • 6. a multitude of 众多，大量
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Unit 41. There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (p1)译：据估计，在英国工作的外籍家佣有20000多人。
句子分析：此句为there be句型的变体。
该句型是英语中常见句式，称“存在句”谓语动词一般由be充当，但还可以根据句意换成其它动词，如：1). There are a lot of people in the meeting room.2). There will be a meeting tomorrow.3). There used to be a church at the corner of the street.4). There happened to be an old friend of mine in the hotel.5). There is sure to rain tomorrow.6). There stands a bank next to my school.另外，working in Britain是现在分词作定语，修饰domestic servants。
2. Of these 20000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. (p1)译：根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的活动组织声称，在这20000名佣人中又近2000人被他们的雇主剥削和虐待。
句子分析：Of these 20000是状语，under 2000是数词作整个句子主语，are being exploited and abused是现在进行时态的被动语态做谓语，剩余的是状语。
另外，under是低于。
不到。
的意思；---based设在。
的，以。
为基础的；3. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or escaping virtually impossible. (p2)译：他们的护照可能已被拿走，其实际上既不能离开液或不能逃走。
句子分析：have their passports removed是VOC结构，使have sth done句型的具体使用，表示宾语和动词之间是被动的关系，如：Last week I have my computer repaired.making leaving or escaping virtually impossible是现在分词作结果状语，其中leaving or escaping是动名词，做making的宾语。
virtually是几乎的意思，相当于almost.4. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. (p3)译：其中一个事例就是关于一个菲律宾女佣在被判谋杀罪后，在新加坡被处决，尽管各个地区的人都抗议她的罪行尚未得到充分证实。
句子分析：was executed表被动，after being convicted of murder是时间状语，请注意：being动名词，convicted被判罪，被动，词组：sb is convicted of sth 某人被判有。
罪。
如：She has twice been convicted of fraud. (她已经两次被判犯有诈骗罪。
)despite尽管，是介词，因此其后只能跟名词，而不能接句子。
Protests是抗议的意思，that her guilt had not been adequately established是Protests的同位语从句，具体解释Protests的内容。
from various quarters= from various places.5. I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount. (p4)译：我本应该得到120英镑的报酬，但我从未得到那个数目。
句子分析：词组be supposed to do sth应该做某事，如：You are supposed to get there as early as possible.be paid …被支付。
钱。
He is paid 1000yuan for finishing such a task.6. At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers. (p7)译：1994年年底，英国政府引进新的措施来保护家佣们，使其免受雇主的虐待。
句子分析：At the end of 1994时间状语，the British Government主语，introduced 谓语，new measures宾语，to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers 是不定式做目的状语。
词组：protect sb from sth保护。
使之远离。
Each parent should protect their child from TV violence.7. So if they do complain, they risk being deported. (p8)译：所以，如果他们真的抱怨的话，就会冒着被驱逐出境的风险。
句子分析：do complain:是谓语动词的强调形式，意思：的确抱怨道的话。
前面我们曾经见过it is/was… that/who…的强调句型，它不能用来强调谓语，只能强调主语、宾语和状语，而要想强调谓语，只能借助于助动词do, does, did. For example:1). I do love you!2). He doe s study very hard.3). I did meet Bill Gates last week.8. Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work butwith a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for. (p9)译：给予那些愿意做同类工作但是想更换雇主的家佣们这种自由，这正是国际反奴役组织这样的团体向政府争取的。
句子分析：Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer是动名词短语作主语，其中to seek the same type of work but with a different employer是不定式作定语修饰the freedom，谓语是is, 后面的what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for是表语从句。
if they so choose是条件状语从句，做插入语。
9. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. (p9)译：他们说，就是更换雇主的权利才能把雇佣同奴役区别开来。
句子分析：该句的主要形式是it is…引导的强调句。
强调句子的主语the right to change employers. they say 是插入语。
词组：distinguish A from B将A 同B区分开。
The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the otherUnit 51. The new music was built out of m aterials already in existence…… (p1)译：新音乐是从已有的三种音乐发展起来的。
句子分析：词组in existence现有的、已有的；out of = from.2. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. (p1)译：这三种形式保留着音乐和文化方面的特色，甚至直到1965年，这三种音乐没有一种表达出任何激进的新的意识形态。
句子分析：主语：The three forms；谓语（系动词）：remained；表语：distinct. musically and culturally是副词修饰distinct。
as late as 1965时间状语，none没有一个；new states of consciousness新的意识状态。
Radically修饰new.3. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. (p2)译：所发生的情况，如果用语言尽可能表达出来是这样的。
句子分析：主语：What happened，主语从句；was this系表结构；as well as在本句中应理解为：as…as，像。