中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的

中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循"音译"的原则.必须注意的是:
1) 用音译,慎用意译
如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:"沃尔"与"斯利普",不可译成"墙"与"睡".地名China同样不可译成"陶瓷",这也是众所周知的事了
2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith "约翰.托马斯.史密斯".
3) 要熟记一些常用的译名
比如:Franklin Roosevelt 罗斯福 Winston Churchill 邱吉尔
Napoleon 拿破仑 Aristotle 亚里士多德
Socrates 苏格拉底 New York 纽约
New Orleans 新奥尔良 Los Angeles 洛杉矶
Detroit 底特律 Chicago 芝加哥
平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于see在不同语境情况之下的不同翻译,这说明要准确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系
1) company的翻译
He is fond of company.
他爱交朋友
Two is company, but three is none.
两人成伴,三人不欢
Among the company was an old man.
这群人中有位老人
Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.
跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫("近墨者黑".)
I fell into company with him .
我偶然与他相识
Misery loves company.
同病相怜
The host amused the company with singing .
主人用歌唱来招待宾客
He is employed in an electronic company.
他在一家电器公司工作
2) 红与red的译法
英语中有red
She was dressed in red.
她身穿红衣
When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.
他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈
汉语中有"红"
There has never been a cross word between the two of them, 他俩从未红过脸
He won a prize because his lucky star shone bright.
他鸿(红)运当头因而中奖
3) good的译法
His mother was a good Christian.
他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒
Franklin was renowned for his good deeds
富兰克林以他的德行而名扬四海
Helen is as good as gold----most of the time.
海伦很乖----大部分时间如此
Mike is getting on in years , but both his hearing and eyesight are good.
迈克已上了年纪,但他仍然耳聪目明
The boss needs another good typist.
老板还需要另外一名技术熟练的打字员
His son had a good beating
他儿子被狠狠地揍了一顿
She has good looks
她长得漂亮
<补充练习>
THE HUMMING-BIRD
Of all animated being this is the most elegant in form and the most brillian t in colors. The stones and metals polished by our arts are not comparable to this jewel of Nature. Her masterpiece is this little humming-bird , and upon it she has heaped all the gifts which the other birds may only share. Lightness, rapidity , nimbleness , grace and rich apparel all belong to this little favorite, The emerald , the ruby , and the topaz gleam upon it dress. It never soils them with the dust of earth , and in its aerial life scarcely touches the turf an instant . Always in the air , flying from flower to flower, it has their freshness as well as their brightness. It lives upon their nectar , and dwells only in the climates where they perennially bloom.
在一切生物中,要算蜂鸟体型最优美,颜色最鲜艳.经过工艺加工得各种宝石和金属是无法跟这个大自然的珍宝媲美的.这种小蜂鸟是大自然的杰作,大自然把其他鸟类只能分享的种种天赋全部慷慨地给了它.这个小宠儿具有轻盈,敏捷,灵活,优雅以及羽毛绚丽等一切妙处.那翠绿的,艳红的,嫩黄色的羽毛闪闪发光.蜂鸟从不让它的羽毛沾染尘土,它生活在天空
中,一刻也不碰到草皮.它总是在空中飞翔,从花丛飞向花丛;它像花一样新鲜,又像花一样艳
丽.蜂鸟靠花蜜为生,它只生活在鲜花盛开的地带。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 北京语言大学2010年英语笔译翻译硕士真题回忆时间:2010-01-29 20:00来源:考研论坛作者:MaggieHCJ 点击:4821次
一翻译硕士英语：
1、单选20个
2、阅读共四篇，其中前两篇后各有5个选择题，后两篇是根据所阅读文章回答问题，共5个问题
3、Writing，给了一小段引言，题目方向是“What qualities should a competent person possess?”二英语翻译基础：
1、缩略语及专业术语翻译，英译汉和汉译英各占一半
diplomatic asylum 外交庇护（使节）
genetic mutation 基因图谱
International Herald Tribune 国际先驱论坛报（导报）
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 《联合国气候变化框架公约》
UNEF U nified National Extra Fine (screw thread) 统一的国家一级精度(螺纹)
Ramadan 斋月(该月内伊斯兰教徒每日从黎明到日落禁食)
non-aligned movement 不结盟运动
futures business 期货交易
NAFTA he North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定
the transference of the title of property 产权转让
... ...
国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
国债专属资金
保险索赔insurance claim
优惠关税special preference
红白喜事weddings and funerals
安居工程Comfortable Housing Project
《论语》the Analects of Confuicus
常规裁军conventional disarmament
海协会Association for Relation Across the Taiwan Straits ARA TS(台湾）
海基会Straits Exchange Foundation SEF（陆委会）海峡交流基金会（全称财团法人海峡交流基金会，简称海基会；英语：Straits Exchange Foundation，SEF）成立于1990年11月21日，1991年3月9日正式挂牌运行。

为台湾办理海峡两岸交流所衍生的各项事务的机构组织，其业务授权和指导机关为行政院大陆委员会（陆委会）。

欲速则不达haste make waste/more hasty,less speed/haste does not bring success
... ...
2、英译汉，是一篇关于football的文章，7小段，大概内容是足球比赛与战争。

3、汉译英，大概内容如下：
我国古代先哲通过观察宇宙万物的变动，提出了“天行健，君子以自强不息”，成为中国人民艰苦奋斗自强不息的精神力量。

民主革命的先行者孙中山领导的辛亥革命，结束了中国几千年来的君主专制制度。

中国共产党的领导，取得民族独立和人民解放，社会主义建设取得举世瞩目的成就。

三汉语写作与百科知识：
1、百科知识
20个名词解释，给出若干段不同内容的文章，每段划出词组，要求给出解释：
十七大，人民代表大会制度，民族区域自治制度，人权；布什、撞击事件、阿富汗战争、单极霸权；柳宗元、清明节；论语，儒家文化，《山海经》；日内瓦、卢梭、社会契约论；次级房屋信贷危机，虚拟经济，经济危机
2、应用文写作
根据所给内容写一封求职信，注意格式，450字以上
张君是XX届XX大学翻译专业硕士毕业生，本科阶段第一专业是英语，辅修第二专业中国语言文学。

成绩突出多才多艺，多次在翻译演讲大赛中获奖
3、现代汉语写作
根据对下篇古文的理解，自拟题目，写议论文或记叙文，800字以上。

蝜蝂传
柳宗元
蝜蝂者，善负小虫也。

行遇物，辄持取，昂其首负之。

背愈重，虽困剧不止也。

其背甚涩，物积因不散，卒踬仆不能起。

人或怜之，为去其负。

苟能行，又持取如故。

又好上高，极其力不已。

至坠地死。

今世之嗜取者，遇货不避，以厚其室。

不知为己累也，唯恐其不积。

及其怠而踬也，黜弃之，迁徙之，亦以病矣。

苟能起，又不艾，日思高其位，大其禄，而贪取滋甚，以近于危坠，观前之死亡不知戒。

虽其形魁然大者也，其名人也，而智则小虫也。

亦足哀夫！
原文链接：/MTI/material/1107.html
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北外2009年翻译专业硕士(笔译)考试真题时间:2009-11-09 15:58来源:北外作者:北外点击:2689次
北京外国语大学2009年翻译专业硕士(笔译)考试真题
I. Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.
(50 points-25 points x 2)
Passage 1
In Defense of Translation
by Howard Goldblatt (葛浩文)
How’s this for an occupational testimonial: “There is no such thing as a good translator. The best translators make the worst mistakes. No matter how much I love them, all translators must be closely watched。

”
Who are these people everyone loves to hate, and, if they're so bad, how do they get away with what they're doing?
Well, I confess: I'm one of them. I'm a translator。

…
I am sometimes asked why I translate, since to many it seems a thankless vocation. Why, they ask, don't I write my own novels, since I have lived (they assume) an interesting life and must by now have an idea of what a novel should be? I can only say that not all translators are closet novelists, and that I do not consider translation to be a lesser art -- one that ought to lead to something better. The short, and very personal, answer to the question is: Because I love it. I love to read Chinese; I love to write in English. I love the challenge, the ambiguity, and the uncertainty of the enterprise. I love the tension between creativity and fidelity, even the inevitable compromises. And, every once in a while, I find a work so exciting that I'm possessed by the urge to put it into English. In other words, I translate to stay alive. The satisfaction of knowing I've faithfully served two constituencies keeps me happily turning good, bad, and indifferent Chinese prose into readable, accessible, and -- yes -- even marketable English books. Tian na! (276 words)
Passage 2
Downsizing in V ogue
In recent years corporate downsizing has been on the rise throughout the world. Downsizing is reducing costs by dismissing employees and reassigning their duties to the employees who remain. They usually call it restructuring, rightsizing, reallocating resources, or job separation. They sometimes use dieting metaphors like "trimming the fat," "getting lean and mean," or "shedding weight." Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the words mean to them: layoff. And no "kinder, gentler" words can do much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come with losing a job。

In their quest to lower costs to stay competitive, companies often wield the ax with little or no regard for the well-being of the people involved. For example, in the past years A T&T have dismissed thousands of managers and employees through downsizing, though many of these people have twenty or more years of loyal employment with the firm. Industry analysts assert that if organizations wish to consider themselves responsible, ethical corporate citizens, they must demonstrate concern for their employees, even when they have to tell them they are no longer employed. (183 words)
II. Translate the following two short passages into English and write your translation on the answer sheet. (50 points-25 points x 2)
Passage I
读《大学》，谈“道”“德”
学风问题关乎国家命运——《大学》讲的就是大学风，其可贵之处在于将学风问题与治国实践相联系。

“古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国”：欲治其国，先正其心；正其心，当先正学风。

学风不正，无以修身，无以齐家，最终是无以治国平天下。

(108字)
Passage 2
文化——交流不可替代的载体
交流中最常见绊脚石——文化差异。

典型事例是一美国代表团出访中国山东。

行程结束前，尽管美方对中方的热情接待“非常感谢”，但他们并不忘了提出抗议——“我们不能喝酒，为什么非要我们喝呢？而且还要把我们喝趴下。

”美国人直言这样的过分热情即“侵犯人权”。

再就是礼仪上的丢分。

法国某大企业总裁直言不讳我们领导目中无人：“你们的领导是接见我们，还是接见你们的翻译？我再不想见你们这位团长了。

”原来，“我们的领导”与对方交流时自始至终眼盯翻译，甚至两次握手也眼盯别处。

没有目光交流的会谈使该总裁受到从未有过的伤害。

于是经济合作就这样失去了，太亏了。

不雅不当的国人习性，如吃东西出声，公共场合大声喧哗，不注意个人卫生，禁烟区吸烟，妨碍交通，打探隐私，抢话……如果说这些在国内是小事一桩，那么，跨出国门即外交无小事，正所谓细节决定成败。

(354字)
III. Essay Writing. (50 points=25 points x2)
1. English writing: On behalf of School of English, Beijing Foreign Studies University, write a letter to the prospective students for MTI programme, focusing on its strength, benefits for future of career development and possible challenges students may face. (Around 200 words)
2. 中文写作：描述一个完整的翻译过程并进行解释或评述。

(200字左右)
原文链接：/MTI/material/966.html
AIIC国际口译员协会列出了口译员应具备的能力，其中重要一项就是要有随时学习新知识的能力和对新问题的好奇心
原文链接：/thread-4581-1-1.html。