高考英语议论文阅读攻略

济宁市育才中学2006级专题复习---议论文阅读训练学生自主作业

高考英语议论文阅读攻略

一、议论文阅读理解的语篇特点

议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型

从近几年观的高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解的命题类型主要有：

1. 主旨题

考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。

2. 推理判断题

这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。

3. 细节题

细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。

三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧

第一，抓论点、寻论据

阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。

第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。

把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：

1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提

出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。

2. Argument/Idea →Evidence →Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。

第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进行推理判断。

能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。

下面我们结合2008年高考试题看一下议论文阅读理解的方法。

1. 2008 重庆E篇

Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world，in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something wonderful but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertiser, hoping to sell their products.

The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Bu ying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.

It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in design and production help quicken the process Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.

72. What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?

A.The exercise of rights is a luxury.

B.The practice of choice is difficult.

C.The right of choice is given but at a price.

D.Choice and right exist at the same time.

73. Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.