中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》期末考试拓展学习(四)14

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地大《会计专业英语》在线作业一-0008.3C76F1D3-ED35-405D-940A-EFFF49F42F1F(总7页)

地大《会计专业英语》在线作业一-0008.3C76F1D3-ED35-405D-940A-EFFF49F42F1F(总7页)
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “Fixtures and fittings ”-----“ 器具与装置 ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “accounts receivable ”-----“ 应付帐款 ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:A
下列英汉互译是否Βιβλιοθήκη 确 “Patents and trademarks”-----“ 应收帐款 ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “公认会计原则及其相关机构”-----“ Generally Accepted Accounting Principle and Organization Concerned with GAAP ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “共同固定成本 ”-----“ common fixed cost ”
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “营业费用 ”-----“ operating expense ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “transaction or event”-----“ 交易或事项”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
“Income before interest expense”应译为“息税前利润”
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “可比性 ”---“ comparability ”
A:错误
B:正确
答案:B
下列英汉互译是否正确 “共同变动成本 ”-----“ common fixed cost ”
A:错误
B:正确

2020年奥鹏中国地质大学(北京)地大《大学英语(四)》在线作业一满分答案

2020年奥鹏中国地质大学(北京)地大《大学英语(四)》在线作业一满分答案
【答案】:D
11. _________ made the school proud was __________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
【选项】:
A What; because
B What; that
C that I have looked after
D I have looked after
【答案】:B
13. All that can be done ______.
【选项】:
A has done
B has been done
C have done
D have been e
【答案】:B
14. Information has been put forward __________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
【选项】:
A must not
B may not
C don’t have to
D had better not to
【答案】:C
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly __________ he wants.
【选项】:
A what
B which
C when
D that
【答案】:A
8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

《会计专业英语》期末试题(A卷)答案(共五则)

《会计专业英语》期末试题(A卷)答案(共五则)

《会计专业英语》期末试题(A卷)答案(共五则)第一篇:《会计专业英语》期末试题(A卷)答案2001会计专业英语试题答案1.(1)Journal entry—A chronological record of transactions, showing for each transaction the debits and credits to be entered in specific ledger accounts.(2)Going concern ——An assumption that a business entity will continue in operation indefinitely and thus will carry out its existing commitments.(3)Matching principle——The revenue earned druing an accounting period is offset with the expenses incurred in generating this revenue.(4)Working capital——Current assets minus current liabilities(5)Revenue expenditure——Any expenditure that will benefit only the current accounting period.2.每空1分,其中两个debit合计1分(1)(two).(debit).(debit).(equal).(2)(adjusting).(assign).(end).(p rior)(3)(liquid).(that).(at)3.题一10分,第一小段6分,第二小段4分。

题二8分(1)Financial statements show the financial position of a business and the results of its operations, presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.These statements are intended for use by many different decision makers, for many different purposes.Tax returns show the computation of taxable income, legal concept by tax laws and regulations.In many cases, tax laws are similar to generally accepted accounting principles, but substantial differences do exist.(2)Auditors do not guarantee the accuracy of financial statements;they express only their expert opinion as to the fairness of the statements.However, CPA firms stake theirreputations on the thoroughness of their audits and the dependability of their audit reports.4.每小题6分,每小题包括三小句,每小句2分。

地大14秋学期《大学英语(4)》期末作业考核答案

地大14秋学期《大学英语(4)》期末作业考核答案
A. will have reach
B. will has reached
C. will have reached
D. will reach
正确答案:C
7. Bill doesn't ( )what people say about him.
A. concern
B. matter
C. care
D. disturb
A. make
B. take
C. go
D. get
正确答案:A
21. Three-quarters of people like it. So that's ( )90%, which is our target.
A. precisely
B. approximately
C. under
D. around
5. Cities attract people because of the ( )for labour in the manufacturing and service industries.
A. requirement
B. call
C. interest
D. demand
正确答案:D
6. By 2050 the level of industrial pollution ( )dangerous levels in many cities.
正确答案:C
8. -This picture is very nice, but I think it's too small for our room. -( ).
A. I agree. Let's look for a bigger one

中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》期末考试题集汇总

中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》期末考试题集汇总

中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》奥鹏期末考试题库合集本套合集为考前突击题集汇总,含答案单选题:1.The Realization Principle indicates that revenue usually should be recognized and recorded in the accounting record().A.when goods are sole or services are rendered to customersB.when cash is collected from customersC.at the end of the accounting periodD.only when the revenue can be matched by an equal dollar amount ofexpenses标准答案:A2.The Matching Principle:().A.applies only to situations in which a cash payment occurs before anexpense is recognizedB.applies only to situations in which a cash receipt occurs beforerevenue is recognizedC.is used in accrual accounting to determine the proper period forrecognition of expensesD.is used in accrual accounting to determine the proper period in whichto recognize revenue标准答案:C3.Xxx company paid $2850 on account. The effect of this transaction on the accounting equation is to ().A.decrease assets and decrease owner’s equityB.increase liabilities and decrease owner’s equityC.have no effect on total assetsD.decrease assets and decrease liabilities标准答案:D(4)Which of the following concepts belongs to accounting assumption?().A.ConservationB.Money measurementC.MaterialityD.Consistency标准答案:B(5)Which of these is/are an example of an asset account?___A.service revenueB.withdrawalsC.suppliesD.all of the above标准答案:C(6)Which of these statements is false?().A.increase in assets and increase in revenues are recorded with a debitB.increase in liabilities and increase in owner’s equity are recordedwith a creditC.increase in both assets and withdrawals are recorded with a debitD.decreases in liabilities and increase in expenses are recorded with adebit标准答案:A(7)Note payable has a normal beginning balance of $30 000. During the period, new borrowings total $63,000 and the ending balance in Note Payable is $41,000. Determine the payments on loans during the period______A.$74000B.$52000C.$134000标准答案:B(8)Typical liability accounts include _____.A.accounts payable, bank loan, wages payable, drawingsB.Accounts payable, bank overdraft, wages payable, stationaryC.Accounts receivable, bank overdraft, wages payableD.Accounts payable, borrowing from the public, bank overdraft, wagespayable.标准答案:D(9)Which of these accounts has a normal debit balance?_____.A.Rent ExpenseB.WithdrawalsC.Service RevenueD.Both A and B have a normal debit balance标准答案:D判断题:1.Accounting provides financial information that is only useful to business management.()标准答案:错2.The accounting process generates financial reports for both “internal” and “external” users.()标准答案:对3.The basic concept of double-entry accounting is that total debits must equal total credits for every business transaction.()标准答案:对(4)A trial balance represents a listing of the ledger accounts and balances at a particular moment in time.()标准答案:对(5)The ledger account provides a chronological order of transactions.()标准答案:错(6)Post reference columns are found only in the journal, not in the ledger.()标准答案:错(7)Usually two signatures are required on a business check for it to be vali##()标准答案:对(8)When a check is written by a business, the immediate effect is to reduce both the balance shown in the checkbook and the balance on the bank's records. ()标准答案:错(9)The final amounts shown on both sides of the bank reconciliation statement are labeled "Adjusted Balances."()标准答案:对(10)A leasehold is an example of a long-life asset.()标准答案:错(11)The accounting reporting period agrees to the calendar year. ()标准答案:错(12)An increase in permanent capital is recorded as a credit to the account. ()标准答案:对(13)Dollar signs are used in the amount areas of the ledger accounts. ()标准答案:错(14)If the trial balance shows that the ledger is in balance, this means that the individual business transactions were recorded to the appropriate ledger accounts. ()标准答案:错(15)Every business transaction is first recorded in the journal. ()标准答案:对(16)Internal control of operations is equally complex in a small and in a large organization. ()标准答案:错(17)Two documents used in preparing a bank reconciliation statement are the bank statement and the checkbook stubs.()标准答案:对(18)A common cause of inequality between the balances on the bank statement and in the checkbook is outstanding checks. ()标准答案:对(19)Depreciation expense is usually recorded at least once a year. ()标准答案:对(20)Amortization is the conversion of the cost of an intangible asset to an expense. ()标准答案:对(21)Two methods of recognizing accelerated depreciation are thestraight-line and the double-declining balance method()标准答案:错标准答案:对(23)A present reduction in cash required to generate revenues is called “an expense”标准答案:错(24)The revenue expenses are paid to influence the current operating result.标准答案:错(25)Advertising expense is usually collected as period expense.标准答案:对(26)There are only two parties to a check: the person who writes it (the drawee) and the person to whom it is written (the payee). ()标准答案:错(27)Repair of a generator is a capital expenditure. ()标准答案:错(28)Revenue increases owner's equity.()标准答案:对(29)Revenue is recognized when we receive cash from the buyers.()标准答案:错(30)Interest revenue should be measured based on the length of time. ()标准答案:对论述题:Assets =标准答案:Accounting Equation:Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity2.完成下列等式 Perpetual inventory system:Ending Inv. =标准答案:Perpetual inventory system:Ending Inv. =Beg. Inv.+ Purchases-Cost of goods sold翻译题:1.Sole Proprietorship Enterprises标准答案:独资企业2.Profit cost and capital cost principle标准答案:划分收益性支出与资本性支出3.Double entry system标准答案:复式记帐法(4)Source documents标准答案:原始凭证(5)Environmental accounting标准答案:环境会计(6)Matching principle标准答案:配比原则(7)Gross profit(8)Perpetual inventory system标准答案:永序盘存制(9)Intangible assets标准答案:无形资产(10)fixed asset标准答案:固定资产(11)Statement of cash flows标准答案:现金流量表(12)Bank Reconciliation标准答案:银行余额调节表(13)Low-valued and easily-damaged implements 标准答案:低值易耗品(14)Physical depreciation标准答案:有形损耗(15)Short-term debt-paying ability标准答案:短期偿债能力(16)16.Accelerated depreciation method标准答案:加速折旧法(17)notes receivable(18)long-term solvency 标准答案:长期偿债能力。

地大《会计专业英语》在线作业二答卷

地大《会计专业英语》在线作业二答卷
地大《会计专业英语》在线作业二-0007
试卷总分:100 得分:100
一、判断题 (共 25 道试题,共 100 分)
1.下列英汉互译是否正确 “Recording the information collected in a systematic manner. ”-----“ 以松散的方式记录收集到的信息 ”
答案:正确
19.“management performance”应译为“管理业绩”
答案:正确
20.下列英汉互译是否正确 “银行存款”-----“ cash at bank ”
答案:正确
21.“The debt to total assets ratio”应译为“资产负债率”
答案:正确
22.下列英汉互译是否正确 “制造费用 ”-----“ factory overhead ”
答案:正确
23.“Leverage”应译为“杠杆”
答案:正确
24.下列英汉互译是否正确 “transaction or event”-----“ 交易或事项”
答案:正确
25.下列英汉互译是否正确 “余额 ”-----“ balance ”
答案:ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ确
5.“Times interest earned”应译为“利息保障倍数”
答案:正确
6.下列英汉互译是否正确 “government bill ”-----“ 政府债券 ”
答案:正确
7.下列英汉互译是否正确 “相关性 ”---“reliability ”
答案:错误
8.下列英汉互译是否正确 “分部业绩 ”-----"segments’ performance”.

2024年北京地质大学学位英语考试真题

2024年北京地质大学学位英语考试真题

2024年北京地质大学学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇12024 Beijing Geology University Degree English ExamPart 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following text and answer the questions that follow:The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia. It is the world's largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 kilometers and covering an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometers. The reef is home to a wide variety of marine life, including over 1,500 species of fish, 400 species of coral, and 4,000 species of mollusks. It is a popular destination for tourists and divers from around the world, who come to explore its vibrant underwater world.1. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?2. How long is the Great Barrier Reef?3. How many species of fish are found in the reef?4. Why is the Great Barrier Reef a popular destination for tourists and divers?Part 2: VocabularyMatch the following words to their definitions:1. Biodiversity2. Erosion3. Sediment4. Topographya. The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitatb. The wearing away of land by natural forcesc. Material that is deposited at the bottom of a body of waterd. The shape or features of the land surfacePart 3: GrammarComplete the following sentences with the correct verb form:1. The students (study) __________ for the exam when the power went out.2. By the time the firefighters arrived, the house (burn)__________ down.3. I (never see) __________ such a beautiful sunset before.Part 4: WritingWrite an essay of 300-400 words on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of climate change on the geology of the Earth."Remember to use proper grammar and punctuation in your essay.Good luck!This is just a sample of what you might expect to see on the 2024 Beijing Geology University Degree English Exam. Make sure to study hard and prepare thoroughly for the exam. Good luck!篇22024年北京地质大学学位英语考试真题Section 1: Listening ComprehensionPart A: Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The man is tired because his flight was delayed.B. The man had a good sleep during his flight.C. The woman thinks the man should take a taxi.D. The man missed his flight because of traffic.2. A. She enjoyed the movie.B. She doesn't like western movies.C. She will see the movie again.D. She hasn't watched the movie yet.3. A. The man should go to the bank.B. The man should buy a new camera.C. The man should pay for the park.D. The man should take a picture.4. A. The woman is planning a party.B. The woman can't find the party decorations.C. The party is cancelled.D. The woman is looking forward to the party.5. A. They should go to the store.B. The store is out of milk.C. They should buy bread.D. They should have left sooner.6. A. The woman is not interested in sports.B. The man wants to join the woman for a jog.C. The man thinks it's too hot to exercise outside.D. The woman is planning to go running alone.7. A. The man is angry about his lost wallet.B. The man misplaced his wallet at the store.C. The man found his wallet at home.D. The man doesn't have money for the store.8. A. The student can sleep in late.B. The student must wake up early.C. The student's alarm clock broke.D. The student has arrived at school.9. A. The man disagrees with the woman's opinion.B. The man finds the woman's idea interesting.C. The man doesn't like shopping.D. The man is too busy to shop.10. A. The man is going to a wedding.B. The man is preparing for an exam.C. The man didn't know about the event.D. The man is organizing a party.Part B: Long DialoguesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two longer dialogues. Each dialogue will be read only once. After you hear a dialogue and the questions about it, read the five questions on your paper and decide which one is the correct answer to each question you have heard.Dialogue 111. What is the man's project about?A. Climate change.B. Pollution in rivers.C. Chemical pollution in the air.D. Endangered species.12. Why does the woman suggest that the man should study animals?A. It's easier than studying plants.B. He has a talent for studying animals.C. Animals are more interesting.D. There are more animal species.13. What is the woman's suggestion about the man's research method?A. He should observe animals in their natural habitats.B. He should conduct experiments in a lab.C. He should study plants instead.D. He should research climate change.Dialogue 214. Who is Joe?A. The man's friend.B. The man's boss.C. The woman's friend.D. The woman's boss.15. What is the woman's main concern about Joe?A. His tardiness.B. His recent breakup.C. His car accident.D. His low performance at work.16. What does the man suggest Joe should do?A. Quit his job.B. Take a day off.C. Seek professional help.D. Go on a vacation.17. What is the woman's attitude toward the man's suggestion?A. She agrees.B. She disagrees.C. She is unsure.D. She is confused.18. What does the woman think is the cause of Joe's behavior?A. His lack of sleep.B. His strained relationship with his boss.C. His health issues.D. His recent breakup.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 19-21Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D.The Benefits of ExerciseA recent study from the University of California found that regular exercise can help improve memory and mental sharpness. The research was conducted on a group of adults aged 50 andabove who engaged in regular aerobic exercise for six months. The results showed a significant improvement in their cognitive abilities compared to those who did not exercise regularly. Furthermore, the participants reported feeling more energetic and having a better overall mood.19. According to the study, what age group benefits from regular exercise the most?A. 30-40.B. 40-50.C. 50 and above.D. 20-30.20. What were the participants' feelings after the exercise?A. They felt tired.B. They felt anxious.C. They felt energetic.D. They felt ill.21. How long did the participants engage in regular exercise?A. Six days.B. Six months.C. Six weeks.D. Six hours.Passage 2Questions 22-25Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.Sustainable ShoppingMore consumers are turning towards sustainable shopping practices in an effort to reduce waste and promote environmental preservation. By shopping locally, choosing products with minimal packaging, and opting for reusable items, individuals can make a significant impact on the environment. Many companies are now offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional products, such as biodegradable packaging and cruelty-free beauty products.22. Sustainable shopping practices aim to reduce waste and promote ___________ preservation.23. By shopping locally and choosing products with minimal packaging, individuals can make a significant ___________ on the environment.24. Many companies are now offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional products, such as biodegradable packaging and _______________ beauty products.25. Consumers who opt for sustainable shopping practices are contributing to the movement towards __________ consumption.Section 3: WritingWrite an essay in response to the following prompt:In recent years, technology has had a significant impact on education. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating technology into the classroom. Support your argument with examples and evidence.Remember to:- Present a clear thesis statement.- Develop your ideas logically.- Use examples and evidence to support your argument.- Conclude with a strong summary of your main points.(Word count: minimum 250 words)Good luck with your exam!篇3Beijing Geology University Degree English Test 2024Instructions:- This exam paper consists of four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking.- Total time for the exam: 3 hours.- Please read the instructions for each section carefully and answer the questions accordingly.Section 1: Listening (30 minutes)Instructions: Listen to the audio files and answer the questions that follow.Question 1:You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their plans for the weekend. What activity do they decide to do together?a) Go hiking.b) Watch a movie.c) Study at the library.Question 2:You will hear a lecture about the importance of sustainable development. What are the main points mentioned by the speaker?a) Environmental protection and economic growth.b) Social equality and technological advancement.c) Cultural heritage and political stability.Section 2: Reading (45 minutes)Instructions: Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow.Passage 1:The Earth's climate is rapidly changing due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This has led to an increase in global temperatures, resulting in more frequent and intense natural disasters. It is crucial for us to takeimmediate action to mitigate the effects of climate change and protect the environment for future generations.Question 1:What is the main cause of climate change according to the passage?a) Natural disasters.b) Human activities.c) Global temperatures.Question 2:What is the importance of taking action to protect the environment?a) To prevent natural disasters.b) To ensure a sustainable future.c) To increase global temperatures.Passage 2:The discovery of fossil fuels revolutionized the way we live and work, enabling rapid industrialization and technological advancement. However, the overreliance on fossil fuels has led to environmental degradation and pollution. It is essential for usto transition to renewable energy sources to reduce our carbon footprint and protect the planet.Question 3:What are the benefits of transitioning to renewable energy sources?a) Reduced pollution and environmental degradation.b) Increased reliance on fossil fuels.c) Accelerated industrialization and technological advancement.Question 4:What is the main disadvantage of overreliance on fossil fuels?a) Rapid industrialization.b) Environmental degradation.c) Increased carbon footprint.Section 3: Writing (60 minutes)Instructions: Choose one of the following topics and write an essay of 300-400 words.Essay Topic 1:Discuss the impact of climate change on the environment and society. What are the main causes of climate change, and what can individuals do to reduce their carbon footprint and protect the planet?Essay Topic 2:Evaluate the importance of renewable energy sources in the fight against climate change. How can governments and businesses promote the transition to clean energy, and what are the potential benefits of doing so?Section 4: Speaking (45 minutes)Instructions: In this section, you will have a conversation with the examiner on a given topic. You will be evaluated on your ability to express your thoughts clearly and coherently.Topic: The role of education in sustainable developmentDiscuss the importance of education in promoting sustainable development and addressing global challenges such as climate change and environmental degradation. How can educational institutions and governments work together to educate the public about the importance of protecting the environment?End of Exam.Good luck to all the test takers! Remember to manage your time wisely and answer the questions to the best of your ability. Thank you for participating in the Beijing Geology University Degree English Test 2024.。

会计专业英语期末试题及答案

会计专业英语期末试题及答案

会计专业英语期末试题及答案1、In many cities, a low-carbon lifestyle has become(). [单选题] *A. more popular and more popularB. more and more popular(正确答案)C. the most popularD. most and most popular2、We all wondered()Tom broke up with his girlfriend. [单选题] *A. thatB. whatC. whoD. why(正确答案)3、He went to America last Friday. Alice came to the airport to _______ him _______. [单选题] *A. take; offB. see; off(正确答案)C. send; upD. put; away4、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and5、______! It’s not the end of the world. Let’s try it again.()[单选题] *A. Put upB. Set upC. Cheer up(正确答案)D. Pick up6、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How7、39.—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] * A.look atB.think aboutC.think of(正确答案)D.look through8、They may not be very exciting, but you can expect ______ a lot from them.()[单选题] *A. to learn(正确答案)B. learnC. learningD. learned9、The hall in our school is _____ to hold 500 people. [单选题] *A. big enough(正确答案)B. enough bigC. very smallD. very big10、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)11、20.Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A.surpriseB.surprising (正确答案)C.surprisedD.surprises12、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD.is having13、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre14、30.I want to find ______ and make much money. [单选题] *A.worksB.jobC.a job(正确答案)D.a work15、Many people prefer the bowls made of steel to the _____ made of plastic. [单选题] *A. itB. ones(正确答案)C. oneD. them16、The red jacket is _______ than the green one. [单选题] *A. cheapB. cheapestC. cheaper(正确答案)D. more cheap17、Grandfather lives with us. We all _______ him when he gets ill. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look atC. look forD. look like18、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB.will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed19、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made20、Can I _______ your order now? [单选题] *A. makeB. likeC. giveD. take(正确答案)21、Which animal do you like _______, a cat, a dog or a bird? [单选题] *A. very muchB. best(正确答案)C. betterD. well22、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off23、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)24、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime25、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel26、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)27、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)28、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play29、Why don’t you _______ the bad habit of smoking. [单选题] *A. apply forB. get rid of(正确答案)C. work asD. graduate from30、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his。

中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》期末考试拓展学习(三)55

中国地质大学(北京)《会计专业英语》期末考试拓展学习(三)55

Chapter 3 Accounting Cycle第三章 Chapter 5 — Chapter 6损益表 (Income Statement)整备成本 setup costs任何与零件或原料相关的成本。

整备成本包括在设置装配期间之新设备的成本、劳工的配置及用以测试新装配设施之产出(output)是否符合要求的零件或原料的成本。

这算是一种“生产准备就绪”(make ready to produce)的成本。

变动成本 variable cost在会计方法上,直接因反应事业活动变化而变动的费用。

例如,原料成本会随着产品生产单位的数量变化而增减。

总变动成本会随着所生产的产品单位数增加而上①2007 年借:递延所得税资产 200贷:所得税-补亏减税 200②2008 年借:所得税 80贷:递延所得税资产 80③2009 年借:所得税 40贷:递延所得税资产 40④2010 年借:所得税 100贷:递延所得税资产 80应交税金-应交所得税 20升。

每单位产品的变动成本则维持不变。

总务及行政费用 general and administrative expenses所有一般及行政活动相关之费用。

一般及行政费用包括下列数项:法规及稽核相关费用、办公室一般支出、办公室租金支出、办公室之水电支出及办公室设备支出及折旧。

以上项目出现在会计损益表之营运支出上。

毛利 gross profit销售总额减销货成本(cost of goods sold)。

当毛利用百分比表达时,计算方式是用毛利除以销售总额,亦称之为毛利率。

损益表 incomes statement用以决定公司净收益(net income)的正式报表,也被称为获利亏损表(profit and loss statement)。

每一家公司在其年报(annual report)中一定要把损益表包括进去。

损益表通常包含以下项目:销售额减:销货成本毛利润减:营运费用、销售费用,以及一般行政支出得自营运收益加:其他收益减:其他费用税前收益减:所得税提列准备持续营运收益非持续营运收益之收入或损失(税后)非常项目或累计效果扣除前之收益加或减:非常项目(税后)加或减:会计原则改变之累计效果(税后)净收益大多数的公司并没有完全依照这样的格式,如下表是惠普公司(Hewlett-Packard Company) 1997 年度的损益表:换句话说,与生产红球的原料有关之增额成本为 2OOO 美元。

中国地质大学(北京)大学英语(4)期末考试高分题库全集含答案

中国地质大学(北京)大学英语(4)期末考试高分题库全集含答案

中国地质大学(北京)大学英语(4)期末考试高分题库全集含答案127731--中国地质大学(北京)大学英语(4)期末备考题库127731奥鹏期末考试题库合集单选题:(1)How are things with you, Bill?-()A.Hello, SueB.I'm terribly busy these daysC.Mind your own businessD.See you later正确答案:B(2)The baby is hungry, but there’s()milk in the bottle.A.littleB. a littleC.fewD. a few正确答案:A(3)The patient acted on the doctor's()and finally recovered.A.advicesB.adviceC.adviseD.advises正确答案:B(4)Nancy is() girl.A. a eighteen-year-oldB.an eighteen-years-oldC. a eighteen-years-oldD.an eighteen-year-old正确答案:D(5)Thirty per cent of meals()by families in the USA are eaten at one of the big chains.A.consumingB.consumedC.to consumeD.are consumed正确答案:B(6)Three-quarters of people like it. So that's()90%, which is our target.A.preciselyB.approximatelyC.underD.around正确答案:C(7)All the team members tried their best. We lost the game,().A.howeverB.thereforeC.sinceD.as正确答案:A(8)She was convicted ()murder.A.toB.inC.ofD.as正确答案:C(9)Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry()his mind.A.onB.inC.withD.at正确答案:A(10)()she passes her exams, she won't get into university.A.IfB.UnlessC.WhenD.Because正确答案:B(11)-I'm sorry. Bob's not in his office. ()。

中国地质大学智慧树知到“会计学”《会计专业英语》网课测试题答案3

中国地质大学智慧树知到“会计学”《会计专业英语》网课测试题答案3

中国地质大学智慧树知到“会计学”《会计专业英语》网课测试题答案(图片大小可自由调整)第1卷一.综合考核(共15题)1.下列英汉互译是否正确:“财务报表”-----“financial statement”。

()A.错误B.正确2.下列英汉互译是否正确:“无形资产”-----“intangible assets”。

()A.错误B.正确3.下列英汉互译是否正确:“可比性”---“comparability”。

()A.错误B.正确4.下列英汉互译是否正确:“Recording the information collected in a systematic manner.”——“以松散的方式记录收集到的信息”。

()A.错误B.正确5.“Dividend yield rate ”应译为“股利支付率”。

()A.错误B.正确6.下列英汉互译是否正确:“无形资产”——“intangible assets”。

()A.错误B.正确7.“Working capital”应译为“营运资本”。

()A.错误B.正确8.下列英汉互译是否正确:“管理费用”——“financial overhead”。

()A.错误B.正确9.下列英汉互译是否正确:“不动产”——“Freehold premise”。

()A.错误B.正确10.下列英汉互译是否正确:“共同变动成本”——“common fixed cost”。

()A.错误B.正确11.下列英汉互译是否正确:“管理费用”-----“financial overhead”。

()A.错误B.正确12.下列英汉互译是否正确:“银行存款”-----“cash at bank”。

()A.错误B.正确13.“current ratio”应译为“流动比率”。

()A.错误B.正确14.下列英汉互译是否正确:“transaction or event”-----“交易或事项”。

()A.错误B.正确15.下列英汉互译是否正确:"财务报告"-----"financial report"。

中国地质大学《会计专业英语》在线作业二-00107

中国地质大学《会计专业英语》在线作业二-00107

地大《会计专业英语》在线作业二-0010下列英汉互译是否正确“财务报表”-----“ financialstatement ”A:错误B:正确答案:B下列英汉互译是否正确 “government bill ”-----“ 政府债券 ”A:错误B:正确答案:B“Price-earnings ratio”英译为“市盈率”A:错误B:正确答案:B下列英汉互译是否正确“相关性”---“reliability ”A:错误B:正确答案:A“Rate of return (ROR) on common stockholders‘ equity”应译为“优先股股东投资回报率”A:错误B:正确答案:A下列英汉互译是否正确“common-size income statement ”-----“ 共同比利润表”A:错误B:正确答案:B下列英汉互译是否正确“不动产”-----“ Freehold premise ”A:错误B:正确答案:B下列英汉互译是否正确“Recording the information collectedin a systematic manner. ”-----“ 以松散的方式记录收集到的信息”A:错误B:正确答案:A“Dividend yield rate ”应译为“股利支付率”A:错误B:正确答案:B下列英汉互译是否正确“普通股股利”-----“ ordinary dividend”A:错误B:正确。

《会计专业英语》期末测试卷及答案2套

《会计专业英语》期末测试卷及答案2套

《会计专业英语》期末测试卷A卷姓名学号得分一、单项选择题(共10小题,每小题2分,计20分)1. A procedural element of accounting is____.A.PlanningB. ControlC. BookkeepingD. Auditing2. A business has assets of $140,000 and liabilities of $60,000. How much is itsowner’s equit y?A.$0B. $140,000C. $80,000D. $200,0003.Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of internal control?A.To provide assurance that the entire business operates in accordance withmanagement’s plans and policesB.To prevent fraudC.To ensure that expenses and cash outlays are held to a minimumD.To provide adequate subdivision of duties within the organization4.Typical liability accounts include?A.Accounts payable, bank loan, wages payable and drawingsB.Accounts payable, bank overdraft, wages payable and stationeryC.Accounts payable, bank overdraft, wages payable and unearned revenueD.Accounts payable, borrowing from the public, bank overdraft, wages payable5.Sales revenue $200,000, beginning inventory $30,000, inventory purchased$100,000 and inventory sold $90,000. It is true that____.A.Goods available for sale (GAFS) equals $200,000B.Gross profit equals $110,000C.Ending inventory equals $30,000D.Cost of goods sold (COGS) equals $40,0006.W hich statement regarding the liabilities and owners’ equity section of balancesheet is False?A.Payment of Dividend Payable eliminates both the assets and the owners’equityB.Liabilities are debts or obligations that must be discharged in money orservices in the futureC.Owners’ equity is a residual claim to the remaining assets after discharge ofdebtsD.Balance sheet of corporations should separate Capital Stock andRetained Earnings7.The operating income/sales ratio is an example of a_____.A.Turnover or efficiency ratioB. Coverage or liquidity ratioC.Leverage or debt ratioD. None of the above8. A management control system is_____.A.A possible course of action that might enable an organization to achieve itsobjectivesB. A collective term for the hardware and software used to drive a databasesystemC. A set up that measures and corrects the performance of activities ofsubordinates in order to make sure that the objectives of an organization are being met and their associated plans arebeing carried outD.A system that controls and maximizes the profits of an organizationpany A manufactures and sells only one product, the selling price per unit ofproducts is $20, and the variable cost per unit is $15, the total fixed cost for the year is $80,000. Then the break-even sales for Company A is_____.A. $400,000B.16, 000C.320, 000D. $240,00010.The total estimate sales for the coming year is 250,000 units. The estimatedinventory at the beginning of the year is 22,500 units, and the desired inventory at the end of the year is 30,000 units. The total production indicated in the production budget is_____.A. 242,500 unitsB. 280,000 unitsC. 257,000 unitsD. 302,500 units二、多项选择题(共5小题,每小题4分,计20分)1.Which of the following are fixed costs?A.Telephone billB.Annual salary of the chief accountantC.The management accountant's annual membership fee to ACCA (paid by thecompany)D.Wages of warehousemen2.For commercial bank, which two parts does the operating revenue mainlyinclude?A.Asset RevenueB. Rental RevenueC. Service RevenueD. Bond Revenue3.Which of these are the audit objectives?A.ValidityB. CompletenessC. TimingD. Valuation4.Which of the following statements regarding materiality and misstatements iscorrect?A.Materiality decisions are made relative to the size of the organization beingaudited.B. A lower materiality level would increase the extent of audit proceduresperformed.C.At the planning stage, the auditor should design specific procedures to detectmaterial qualitative misstatements.D.Likely aggregate misstatements include the net effect of uncorrectedmisstatements in opening equity.5.The audit report should include the following basic contents_____.A. The titleB. The introductory paragraphC. The scope paragraphD. The opinion paragraph三、判断题(正确写“T”,错误写“F”。

中国地质大学(北京)《大学英语(3)》期末考试拓展学习(五)

中国地质大学(北京)《大学英语(3)》期末考试拓展学习(五)

地大《大学英语(3)》(五)1. 现在完成时中的since和forsince 用在现在完成时,或是现在完成进行时里,后面一般跟一个时间点,或是表示时间点的句子,意思是“从那一刻起”。

for也常用在现在完成时的句子,或是现在完成进行时里,for后面跟的是个时间段。

表示动作持续了多长时间。

(1)He's been visiting hospital every month for four years.(2)He's been training dogs for five years.(3)He's been having injections since he was sick.(4)He's been working in the police force since 2001.2. 数量表达法常见一些数量的表达:(1)a large proportion of 很大比例的(2)a small proportion of 很小比例的(3)the majority of 多数的(4)a minority of 少数的来看几个句子。

(1)A large proportion of households have a microwave oven.(2)A small portion of households have a dishwasher.The majority of men have done sport in the last week.(3)A minority of women have done DIY in the last four weeks.表示数量,还会说到“多于”,“少于”。

“多于”可以说over…; more than …;“少于”可以说under…;less than …(1)Over half the dogs in the UK are pedigree.(2)Under a quarter of people can swim.(3)More than a third of cats are grey.(4)Less than 50% of the population owns a dog.表示发展趋势的词:(1)动词,有: to increase, to rise, to decrease, to fall(2)名词,有: an increase, a rise, a decrease, a fall(3)形容词和副词,有: slight, slightly;steady, steadily;sharp, sharply;dramatic, dramatically3. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与现在进行时的区别。

中国地质大学学位英语考试题

中国地质大学学位英语考试题

中国地质大学学位英语考试题1、--What are the young people doing there?--They are discussing how to _______?the pollution in the river. [单选题] *A. come up withB. talk withC. deal with(正确答案)D. get on with2、The carbon we produce when we breathe is much less than()produced by a car. [单选题] *A. oneB. itC. that(正确答案)D. those3、John Smith is _______ of the three young men. [单选题] *A. strongB. strongerC. the strongerD. the strongest(正确答案)4、I _______ to the tape yesterday evening. [单选题] *A. lookB. listenC. listened(正确答案)D. hear5、---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. [单选题] *A. ifB. when(正确答案)C. becauseD. before6、Mom is making dinner. It _______ so nice! [单选题] *A. smells(正确答案)B. tastesC. feelsD. sounds7、Jeanne's necklace was _____ 500 francs at most. [单选题] *A. worthyB. costC. worth(正确答案)D. valuable8、22.Will there ________ any schools in the future? [单选题] * A.isB.areC.amD.be(正确答案)9、31.A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] * A.toB.inC.for (正确答案)D.with10、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write11、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has12、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers?I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant13、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which14、12.That is a good way ________ him ________ English. [单选题] *A.to help;forB.helps;withC.to help;with(正确答案)D.helping;in15、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well16、This message is _______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. surprising; surprisingB. surprised; surprisedC. surprising; surprised(正确答案)D. surprised; surprising17、——Have you()your friend Bill recently? ———No, he doesnt often write to me. [单选题] *A. heard aboutB. heard ofC. heard from (正确答案)D. received from18、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with19、Reading()the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *A. behindB. between(正确答案)C. alongD. among20、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does21、Which is _______ city, Shanghai, Beijing or Chengdu? [单选题] *A. largeB. largerC. largestD. the largest(正确答案)22、39.__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] *A.Although (正确答案)B.WhenC.AfterD.Because23、Look at those black clouds! Take ______ umbrella or ______ raincoat with you. ()[单选题] *A. a; anB. an; a(正确答案)C. an; anD. a; a24、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play25、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither26、Tom’s sister is a nurse. I met _______ in the street yesterday . [单选题] *A. sheB. hersC. himD. her(正确答案)27、2.I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] *A.excitingB.more excitingC.most excitingD.the most exciting (正确答案)28、Hurry up,?or we’ll _______ class. [单选题] *A. be late for(正确答案)B. late forC. late withD. be late with29、______this story, and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. [单选题] *A. ReadingB. ReadC. To readD.Being read(正确答案)30、Miss Smith is a friend of _____. [单选题] *A. Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B. Jack’s sisterC. Jack sister’sD. Jack sister。

中国地质大学(北京)《大学英语(4)》期末考试拓展学习(二)06

中国地质大学(北京)《大学英语(4)》期末考试拓展学习(二)06

地大《大学英语(4)》(二)你知道怎样用地道的美式口语翻译下面这段话吗?“ 走这条单行道, 在第一个红绿灯时左转, 那里就是 Hemphill Ave. 是一条双线道. 往下走, 你会在你的左边看到一个加油站, 继续走50 码, 直到看到一个三叉路口, 右转, 经过二个 stop sign. 你就会碰到 Wal Mart. 邮局就在 Wal Mart 的对面. 而杨先生的家呢? 邮局后面就是啦”. 以下可以作为参考:1. Take the one-way street. 走这条单行道.One-way street 就是单行道. 尤其在 Downtown 地区, 以亚特兰大和纽奥良为例, 其复杂的程度可以用进的去, 出不来来形容, 实在不是个愉快的开车经验.2. You will stay on the street for a while until you hit the first traffic light.你会走一会儿, 直到你遇到第一个红绿灯.有一次我开车老美坐我旁边, 他帮我指路就是这么说的. Stay for a while 通常指五到十分钟的时间, 不会太久. 遇见某样东西, 可以用 hit 这个字, 如 hit the traffic light, hit the stop sign 等等. 而 traffic light 也有人说成 light, 或 stoplight.3. Then take a left. 向左转.向左转可以说成 turn left, take a left 或是 Make a left. 有时光讲 take a left 不明确, 你可以加上路名, 明确地告诉人家要转哪一条路, 例如 Take a left into Hemphill Ave. 或是 Take a left onto Hemphill Ave.4. It will be Hemphill Ave. It’s two-lane traffic. 那就会是 Hemphill Ave, 它是一条双线道.指路的时候如果能够说出街道名称是最好, 所以通常我会把转到哪一条路的路名也指出来. 至于是几线道一般指路的时候则比较不会提及. 双线道是指来去各一个车道共二线道而言, 四线道就是 four-lane traffic. 像亚特兰大的 Interstate Highway 有些地方都是十二线道, 那就是 twelve-lane traffice 够惊人吧.5. Come down Hemphill Ave about five blocks. 由 Hemphill 街往下走约五个 blocks.英文这个部份跟中文有异曲同工之妙喔. 我们会习惯地说, 往 "下" 走, 英文也会说come "down" 或是 get "down", 这里如果只说 Come Hemphill Ave. 听来是不是怪怪的? 至于 block 指的是一块一块的建筑, 外国人在指路时很喜欢用 block 作为计量的单位.6. You will see a BP gas station on your left. 在你的左手边你会看到一座 BP 加油站.指路的时候除了路名之外, 明显的地标也是有帮助的. 通常你可以指出一些明显的建筑物或是加油站来帮助对方. 加油站的英文是 gas station, 有时会简称 station.7. Keep going 50 yards before you come to a fork road. 继续走 50 码, 直到你走到一个三叉路口.继续往下走可以用 keep going 这个字, 或是 continue straight 或是 keep straight 也很常用. Fork road 就是我们说的三叉路口. 那如果是丁字路口要怎么说? 你可以说, This road will dead end into 10th Street. 就可以表达出丁字路口的意思了.8. Make a right, pass two stop signs and you will run into a Wal Mart. 向右转, 经过二个 Stop sign, 你就会遇到 Wal Mart.有一次我去 Ohio, 由于事先的准备不够, 以致于从头迷路到最后. 有一次有一个老黑跟我报路用的就是You’ll run into it! 意思就是, 我会遇到的. 他们也喜欢这么说, You can’t miss it! 就是说, 你绝不会错过的.9. The post office is just right across the street of it. 邮局就在 Wal Mart的正对面.个人觉的 Right across the street of it 是个很重要的片语, 加上 "right" across 表示出 "正" 对面的意思. 还有一个很常用的就是在什么什么的旁边, 这个要用 The office is next to it. It 代表之前已经提过的 Wal Mart, 如果之前没有提及, 这里也可以直接说成, across the street of Wal Mart.10. Mr. Yang’s house is behind the post office. 杨先生的房子就在邮局后面.有一次也是有一个老美路我问路, 由于那个地方不是很远, 我就用手指这那里说, It’s over there. 可是事实上那里是被一栋建筑物给挡住了, 所以老美就反问我, Behind this building? 所以我就知道我应该说成It’s behind this building 会来得比较好些.Listen Read LearnForeigner: Excuse me, I'm lost. Can you show me where I am in this map?(He holds a map in his hand.)May: Er, let me see. Oh, look, you're right here. Pretty close to the Olympic Park.Foreigner: That's great! It's not my day. I just have very bad sense of direction.May: Is this your first time here? Where are you going?Foreigner: I am supposed to go to Liu lichang.。

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Chapter 4 Financial Statement
第四章 Chapter 7 — Chapter 8
固定资产折旧方法及比较分析
折旧计算的方法从上讲,在选择折旧方法时应考虑以上因素,但实际操作中,在多数情况下,仅是一个或少数因素起决定作用,作用小的其他因素则可以略而不计。

通常在普遍使用的几种折旧方法中假若某种方法一般来看是合理的,或是符合所得税法要求的,就可选用这种方法。

折旧的方法是经国家确认的企业计提固定资产折旧所应遵循的规则,通常固定资产折旧的方法分为两类,一类是直线法,一类是加速折旧法。

财政部结合我国企业现状和实际要求,改革了单一的折旧方法,增加了加速折旧法,允许企业多种折旧方法并存。

企业可采用的折旧方法一般有平均年限法、工作量法、行驶里程法、加速折旧法等。

加速折旧法包括余额递减法、双倍余额递减法、年数总和法、平均年限法、工作量法、年率递减法、年金法和偿债基金法等。

考虑我国实际情况,财政部规定企业可选择的折旧方法一般有 4 种,即平均年限法、工作量法、双倍余额递减法、年数总和法。

根据企业的现状及国家的财政承受能力,我国对实行加速折旧方法的范围也作了限定,对在国民经济中具有重要地位、技术进步快的生产企业、船舶企业、生产“母机”的机械企业、飞机和汽车制造企业、化工和医药生产企业以及其他经财政部批准的行业企业,其机器设备可以用双倍余额递减法或者年数总和法加速计提折旧。

对几种常见折旧法的探讨虽然折旧的方法有很多,但我国允许企业选用的折旧方法只有以下 4 种:直线法、工作量法、双倍余额递减法、年数总和法。

折旧方法一经确定,不得随意变更,如要变更需在财务报表的附注中加以说明〔4〕。

近年来,人们对加速折旧法表示强烈的兴趣,笔者也认为此方法相对其他方法更加切合实际,覆盖问题更全面,下面对 4 种方法进行叙述和比较。

直线法直线法即平均年限法,它假定折旧是由于时间的推移而不是使用的关系,认为服务潜力降低的决定因素是随时间推移所造成的陈旧和破坏,而不是使用所造成的有形磨损。

因而假定资产的服务潜力在各个会计期间所使用的服务总成本是相同的,而不管其实际使用程度如何。

由于直线法模式简单,只有在以下各项条件之下才是正确的:(1)利息因素可以略而不计,或投资成本假定为零;(2)修理和维修费用在整个资产使用年限内是固定不变的;(3)最后一年资产的效率与最初一年是相同的;(4)使用资产所取得的收入(或现金流量)在整个使用年限内是固定不变的;(5)各种必要的估计(包括预期使用年限)都是可予以相当确定的预计的。

由于以上各项因素的不确定性,要使任何折旧方法对所有各种因素都考虑到是有困难的。

如果有些因素可以适当抵消,通常都认为直线法最为适宜。

例如:操作效率的降低及修理和维修费用的增加,恰好为收入的增加及保险费和财产税的减少所抵消。

此外,由于直线法通俗易懂,核算简便,同时根据这种方法计算
出来的固定资产有效使用期内各年度或月份提取的折旧额相等,使企业产品成本稳定并具有较强的可比性。

但同时直线法也存在着一些缺点,它忽略了折现因素,按直线法计算的净利,会给人们以投入资本总额的收入率在不断提高的假象。

工作量法工作量法是按照期内固定资产的预计完成的工作量来计提折旧的一种。

实质上,工作量法是平均年限法的补充和延伸。

根据规定,专业车队的客、货运汽车、大型设备以及大型建筑施工机械可采用工作量法计提折旧。

由于各种专业设备具有不同的工作量指标,因而,工作量法又有行驶里程折旧法和工作小时折旧法之分。

工作量法假定折旧是一项变动的,而不是固定的费用,即假定资产价值的降低不是由于时间的推移,而是由于使用的缘故。

对于许多种资产来讲,工作量法这一假定是合理的,特别是在有形磨损比折旧更为重要。

因而,如果某项资产在年度内没有使用,就不应计列折旧费用,因为资产的服务价值并没有降低。

即使折旧是确定资产预期使用年限的一个重要因素,如其折旧是可以预见的,并且,资产的大概使用状况是可以估计的,就可以使用以经营活动为依据的折旧方法,使用这种折旧方法的主要目的是按每个服务单位分配投入价值,对服务价值降低的计量则是次要的。

尽管在资产的服务价值随使用而降低的情况下,工作量法看来还是十分理想,但在使用中它往往存在一些严重缺点:(1)即使每年的折旧费用是变动的,工作量法仍然类似于直线法。

因为它假定每一服务单位分配等量的折旧费,但是,假定每一服务单位的成本相等是没有根据的。

而且,由于在后期有些服务单位尚有待于日后使用,整个服务价值的降低事实上并不是均匀的,除非假定利率为零;(2)工作量法未能考虑到修理和维修费用的递增,以及操作效率或收入的递减等因素。

加速折旧法双倍余额递减法和年数总和法都是加速折旧法的一种。

主张采用加速折旧法的各项条件是:(1)在不考虑资本的利息或成本的情况下递减每年的服务贡献;(2)操作效率的降低会导致其他业务费用的增加;(3)资产价值早期降低很多,后期降低较少;(4)即使早期和后期耗用的服务价值相同,其折现价值也不同,因而早期服务价值成本要比后期大;(5)修理和维修费用的递增;(6)现金收入逐年降低;(7)由于存在着折旧的可能性所造成的以后年度收入的不确定性。

主张采用加速折旧法的一个主要论据是资产净收入贡献的递减与操作效率是相互关联的,并对各期应负担的折旧费具有同样的。

资产净收入的减少可能是由于资产在后期需要更多的修理时间和修理费用,或过度使用易于发生事故,因而减少使用,也可能是由于操作效率降低而产量减少。

操作效率降低还会造成燃料成本和人工成本的升高,或者在原料使用方面造成较大的浪费。

所有这些均说明资产的净收入在后期要少于早期,因而,即使不计利息成本,资产净收入的减少也证明使用加速折旧法是合理的。

预期现金收入的递减也是采用加速折旧法的一个理由,可以认为,资产的原始成本在早期获取收入过程中所耗用的要比后期大,因此早期折旧费应大于后期。

修理和维修费是逐年递增的,为了补偿递增的修理和维修费,应采用加速折旧法。

修理和维修费用与折旧是相关的,应该包括
在服务的总成本或净收入的计算中。

折旧费分配中最难处理的一个因素是不确定性。

预期使用年限、预期净收入和未来的修理和维修费用,均具有不确定性。

在大多数情况下,不确定性可根据风险选择所调整的期望值,将不确定数值转化为单一的确定数值。

收入的不确定性为加速折旧法提供了一定的依据。

因为早期收入比晚期收入更有把握,在开始指定投资决策时,对晚期收入所打的折扣应当更大些,所以,应将大部分资产成本分配于早期。

虽然这些不确定因素不足以证明加速折旧法就是合理的,但相对其他方法而言,加速折旧是最趋于现金收支的一种方法
关键词汇
Patent 专利
Copyright 版权
trademark 商标
franchise 特权,经销权
goodwill 商誉
Intangible assets 无形资产
Depreciation methods 折旧方法
Straight-line method 直线法
Annual depreciation 年折旧费
cost flow methods of inventory 存货的成本流转方法
Unit-of-production method 工作量法
Concept assets 概念资产
Fixed assets 固定资产
Intangible assets 无形资产
Current assets 流动资产
longterm investment 长期投资。

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