全新版大学英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译.doc

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。

这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。

In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。

但别叫他美国人。

他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。

布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。

1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。

“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。

如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。

这就是全球化。

”2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says.亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。

61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。

他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。

他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。

然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。

“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。

我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。

3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。

而且，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧合。

达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋涉去瑞士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯参加年度世界经济论坛——该论坛始于1971年——的国际商业精英们。

本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人士、学者、记者、作家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的讨论。

讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米技术的重大意义。

然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是达沃斯本身。

尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。

在他们看来，世界越来越像一个巨大的互相联系的市场。

在这个市场里，企业寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。

4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite," Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite's global operations." Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeply committed to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American people."随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。