地质工程专业英语

1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic

工程地质条件engineering geological conditions

地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions

地形land form

地貌geomorphology, relief

微地貌microrelief

地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade

地形图relief map

河谷river valley

河道river course

河床river bed(channel)

冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)

河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)

阶地terrace

冲积平原alluvial plain

三角洲delta

古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel

冲积扇alluvial fan

洪积扇diluvial fan

坡积裙talus apron

分水岭divide

盆地basin

岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave

落水洞sinkhole

土洞Karstic earth cave

2地层岩性

地层geostrome (stratum, strata)

岩性lithologic character, rock property

岩体rock mass

岩层bed stratum

岩层layer, rock stratum

母岩matrix, parent rock

相变facies change

硬质岩strong rock, film

软质岩weak rock

硬质的competent

软质的incompetent

基岩bedrock

岩组petrofabric

覆盖层overburden

交错层理cross bedding

层面bedding plane

片理schistosity 层理bedding

板理（叶理）foliation

波痕ripple-mark

泥痕mud crack

雨痕raindrop imprints

造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral

高岭土kaolinite

蒙脱石montmorillonite

伊利石illite

云母mica

白云母muscovite

黑云母biotite

石英quartz

长石feldspar

正长石orthoclase

斜长石plagioclase

辉石pyroxene, picrite

角闪石hornblende

方解石calcite

构造structure

结构texture

组构fabric(tissue)

矿物组成mineral composition

结晶质crystalline

非晶质amorphous

产状attitude

火成岩igneous

岩浆岩magmatic rock

火山岩（熔岩）lava

火山volcano

侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock

深成岩plutonic rock

浅成岩pypabysal rock

酸性岩acid rock

中性岩inter-mediate rock

基性岩basic rock

超基性岩ultrabasic rock

岩基rock base (batholith)

岩脉（墙）dike

岩株rock stock

岩流rock flow

岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith

岩墙rock dike

岩床rock sill

岩脉vein dyke

花岗岩granite

斑岩porphyry

玢岩porphyrite

流纹岩rhyolite

正长岩syenite

粗面岩trachyte

闪长岩diorite

安山岩andesite

辉长岩gabbro

玄武岩basalt

细晶岩aplite

伟晶岩pegmatite

煌斑岩lamprophyre

辉绿岩diabase

橄榄岩dunite

黑曜岩obsidian

浮岩pumice

火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia

火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff

沉积岩sedimentary rock

碎屑岩clastic rock

粘土岩clay rock

粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone

化学岩chemical rock

生物岩biolith

砾岩conglomerate

角砾岩breccia

砂岩sandstone

石英砂岩quartz sandstone

粉砂岩siltstone

钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone

页岩shale

盐岩saline

石灰岩limestone

白云岩dolomite

泥灰岩marl

泥钙岩argillo-calcareous

泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous

砂质arenaceous

泥质argillaceous

硅质的siliceous

有机质organic matter

粗粒coarse grain

中粒medium-grained

沉积物sediment (deposit)

漂石、顽石boulder

卵石cobble

砾石gravel

砂sand

粉土silt 粘土clay

粘粒clay grain

砂质粘土sandy clay

粘质砂土clayey sand

壤土、亚粘土loam

砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam

浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)

黄土loess

红土laterite

泥灰peat

软泥ooze

淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay

冲积物（层）alluvion

冲积的alluvial

洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion

洪积的diluvial

坡积物（层）deluvium

残积物（层）eluvium

残积的eluvial

风积物（层）eolian deposits

湖积物（层）lake deposits

海积物（层）marine deposits

冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits

崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium

残积粘土residual clay

变质岩metamorphic rock

板岩slate

千枚岩phyllite

片岩schist

片麻岩gneiss

石英岩quartzite

大理岩marble

糜棱岩mylonite

混合岩migmatite

碎裂岩cataclasite

3地质构造

地质构造geologic structure

结构构造structural texture

大地构造geotectonic

构造运动tectogenesis

造山运动orogeny

升降运动vertical movement

水平运动horizontal movement

完整性perfection(integrity)

起伏度waviness

尺寸效应size effect

围压效应confining pressure effect

产状要素elements of attitude