高中英语语法——倒装句

倒装句
倒装的原因：
①语法原因
②强调
③平衡句子结构
④承上启下
完全倒装：整个谓语都在主语之前。

部分倒装：助动词/be/情态动词等放在主语之前。

一、完全倒装:整个谓语都在主语之前
1. there be句型(特殊的全部倒装句型):
其中be可换为appear, come，exist, happen，lie，live，stand等动词。

[exist/iɡ'zɪst/ vi.存在；生存]
There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 教室里有一位经验丰富的老师和许多可爱的学生。

There stands a temple on the top ofthe mountain. 山顶上有座庙。

2. 将here, there, now, then等地点或时间副词置于句首，且谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。

—Is everyone here? 每个人都在这儿吗？
—Not yet ... Look, there come the rest of our guests! 还没有。

看，其余的客人来了。

Here comes my list of dos and don’ts:... 下面是我的行为准则:...
Here is some advice for you to follow while listening to his lecture.
下面是你听他的报告时可以遵循的一些建议。

3. 表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主
语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。

In the dark corner of the room, up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. 在房间黑暗的角落里，那只猫跳了上去并抓住了那只老鼠。

Up went the arrow into the air. 箭直射向空中。

Away flew the plane．飞机飞走了。

4. such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”时，要用完全倒装。

Such were his words.= Such was what he said。

他就是这样说的。

Such is our lively city, which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. 这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。

5．表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie，stand，exist，live，sit等)时，要用完全倒装。

In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰的一所大学的报告厅里坐着一位教授。

Inside the parcel was a letter. 包裹内有封信。

In front of our house stands a big tree。

我们房前有一棵大树。

6．作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词(be)＋主语”结构。

Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. （表语句首主语长，句子平衡需倒装。

）许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

[名师点津](1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。

(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。

二、部分倒装:：助动词/be/情态动词等放在主语之前。

1．so/nor/neither 置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物。

其句型为：
“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”结构为部分倒装。

He can swim and so can I . 他会游泳，我也会。

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor/neither will he even give it a thought. 校长既不会允许课程上的变革，也不会对其予以考虑。

2．never,hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time, in no case, on no account等表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。

—It's nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!
太好了。

我以前从没喝过如此特别的饮料！
—I'm glad you like it. 我很高兴你喜欢它。

Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。

By no means will this method be satisfactory. 这种方法决不会令人满意。

3.not only ... but (also)...，neither ... nor ...连接两个并列分句，且not only，neither位于句首时，not only所在的分句需用倒装，but (also)所在的分句不用倒装；而neither ... nor ...
引导的两个分句都需要倒装。

Not only are the students planting trees, but (also) the teacher is.
不仅学生们在植树，老师也在植树。

（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装）
Neither have I seen him recently, nor have I heard from him.
我最近既没见过他，也没收到他的来信。

（前后两个分句都倒装）
4. 含有no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when的主从复合句，no sooner，hardly，scarcely所在的主句倒装，than，when所在的从句不倒装；含有not until的句子，not until 置于句首时，本身不倒装，只是主句倒装。

[ no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when 三者的意思均表示“一…就…” ]
No sooner had we got there than it became dark．我们一到那里，天就黑了。

Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.她直到看见礼物时才感到高兴。

5. 含有so…that…结构的句子，如果so引导的部分前置，so…所在的部分倒装。

So fast did he walk that I couldn't catch up with him. 他走得那么快以至于我没能赶上他。

6. “only+副词／介词短语／状语从句”位于句首时，句子（或主句）用部分倒装。

Only lately have I seen the gifted professor on campus.只是最近我才在校园里见到过这位天才教授。

Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有用这种方法我们才能解决这个问题。

Only when he retumed did he find out the truth. 直到回来时，他才发现实情。

7. as引导让步状语从句时，通常把从句中的表语、状语，甚至谓语的一部分置于句首。

Young as he is，he knows much．尽管年轻，但他懂得很多。

8. 在含有were, had或should的if虚拟条件句中，if省略时应将were，had或should移至
主语之前。

Were I you (=If I were you ),I would do the job．如果我是你的话，我会做这项工作的. Had you not helped me ( =If you hadn't helped me),I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我会失败的.
Should it snow tomorrow( =If it should snow tomorrow),what should we do? 万一明天下雪，我们该怎么办？。