英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择

Choice of collocative meaning


Some words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配) eg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unacceptable)
Assignments

Comparison of translated sentences. (P77) Comparison of translated texts. (P85) Translate the sentences. (P84)
Choice of exact meaning


To weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation （斟酌、权衡词 义） Do not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it （勿囫囵吞枣） Do not extend the meaning beyond its limits （勿引申过度） Do not rigidly adhere to letter or form（勿拘 泥字面
燥乏味。
Translate the following sentences.
1. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current.
Answers to the above sentences:
1. 2.
3.
展出的商品物美价廉 他们俘获了55名敌军， 缴获了大量武器。 为了获得大量的水力，我们需要高水压，强 水流。
Choice of stylistic meaning
Stylistic synonyms with their translations Informal neutral formal (literary) broke poor poverty-stricken hard up penniless; indigent 穷光蛋 贫穷 一文不名 一个子儿 穷 身无分文 也没有 （口语化） （中性） （正式；文学性）
Translate the following sentences:
1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6.
7.
He incited the soldiers to fight bravely. He was charged with inciting people to violence. He is a stubborn child who won’t obey his mother. The defenders put up stubborn resistance. He storied about his age. The story of the hero was extremely moving. The real story was made public.
Choice of ambiguous mea classified as lexical ambiguity(词汇歧义) and structural ambiguity （结构歧义) How to disambiguate some problematic expressions? 1.context 2.stress and other phonological devices
Chapter 3 Diction
Choice of affective meaning

Three types of affective meanings: positive neutral derogatory eg. portly---overweight---obese ambition---雄心 （positive） ---志向 （neutral ） ---野心 （derogatory）
Translate the following phrases or sentences
I dare say What a shame! A good sailor To move heaven and earth bus boy Sweet milk You can’t be two careful I have no opinion of him. She has a weakness for pork. the long and short of it She is a busybody.

eg. The lapped wafers are then polished to a
mirror finish with graded diamond polish.
把研磨好的薄片用各级金刚砂抛光剂抛光到镜面光洁度。
Choice of contextual meaning

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
The same word, when used in different contexts, has different meanings. The book of the music was very poor. (歌词) Show me the complaint book, please. （意见薄） That’s all I remember, sir, on the Book.（《圣 经》） He went to the village to pay tradesmen’s books.（账本） He is always painstakingly at his books. （埋头 苦读）
Translate the following and see how many ways they can be interpreted
1.
2. 3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
I did not sing at yesterday’s concert as I wished. They painted the cars black and white. There is nothing to be hoped for. The man turned out an imposter. Ship sails today .(a telegraph) He lives very near. No work will kill him.
Answers to the above sentences:
1.他激励 士兵勇敢作战。 2. 他被控煽动 人们暴动。 3.他是个固执的 孩子，不听妈妈的话。 4.防御者顽强 抵抗。 5. 他捏造了 年龄。 6. 英雄的事迹 极为感人。 7.真相 大白。
Choice of grammatical meaning
Choice of extended meaning
the concrete and specific (实；具体；特殊) ↓↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ the abstract and general （虚；抽象；一般） eg. The upper society had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance.
The same word, when used as different parts of speech, has different meanings. eg He had no stomach to follow us.(想法) I can’t stomach this job any longer.（忍受）
虚译：当时的上流社会仍然焕发着奇光异彩， 也 没有失去它的排外性。 实译：当时的上流社会仍然焕发着奇光异彩，而且 壁垒森严，不容许下层人涉足。
Choice of equivalent meaning

False friends (翻译中的“假朋友”) Some English words or expressions look equivalent to their Chinese counterparts, but actually they are different. These are called “false friends” Don’t take too literally or mix up those words or expressions which look alike in the two languages but I fact are different in meaning

Translate the following sentences in different styles when possible
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
It is a true saying that time and tide wait for no man. I’m getting old for thinking of you. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? There is no help for it. Nothing is sadder than to part forever; nothing is happier than to contract a new acquaintance.
Translate the following phrases

a heavy rain 大雨 a heavy load 重负 a heavy crop 丰收 a heavy buyer 大主顾 a heavy play 严肃的戏 a heavy demand 苛求 heavy news 令人忧心的消息 heavy casualties 重大伤亡 a heavy thinker 思想深沉的人 The book is heavy reading. 这本书读起来枯