英语基础知识梳理

英语基础知识梳理

1.Good morning/afternoon/evening to you.早晨/下午/晚上好（用于见面问候）Good night.晚安（用语晚上告别）

Hi./Hello.喂！（用语见面招呼）

How are you?你好。（用于朋友，熟人间问候）

I’m fine./well/OK/healthy.

How do you do?你好。（用于初次见面）How do you do?

2.What’s this in English/Chinese?=What’s the English/Chinese for this?这个用英语/汉语怎么说？

3.Spell ruler,please.=How do you spell ruler? R_U-L-E_R.请拼写ruler.

Can you spell ruler ? Yes, R_U-L-E_R.你会拼写ruler吗？

4.The apples are green What color are the apples?=What is the color of the apples?

I want to color it green.(动词）

5.Excuse me.(用于打搅别人是使用）

Sorry. （用于道歉）

6.Mr. Lee is a good parent.=(father or mother)

The Lees are good parents.=(father and mother)

7.Thanks for (showing me) the photo of the family.

=Thank you for(showing me) the photo of the family.

the photo of your family=your family photo

a photo of me(照片上是我）

a photo of mine （照片上不一定是我）

8.look at the photo=have/take a look at the photo

look at/for/after/out for sb/sth看着/照料/当心某人/某物

look up a word in a dictionary 查单词

look forward to sth/doing sth向往，盼望某事/做某事

look like/look like sb(sth)看起来像/看起来像某人，某物

look young/tired/worried看起来年轻/看起来累/看起来担心

9.on the table在桌子上

on Sunday/on Sunday morning/ on September 1st / on the morning of/

on an early morning / on school nights

在具体的某一天，某一天的早上，中午，晚上等

（放）在书/报纸/相片...上on the book/newspaper/photo...

10.in the backpack在双肩背包里

in a year在一年/in spring在春季/ in a month在一个月里/in a week在一周里/in a day在一天/in the morning在早晨

in danger处于危险/ in trouble处于困境/ in hospital住院/ in bed在床上

in class课堂上/ in red穿红色/ in English用英语/ in your own words用你自己的话in this way用这样的方式

come in进来

（印）在书/报纸/相片...上in the book/newspaper/photo...

in hospital住院in the hospital在医院

in class在课堂上in the class在班上

11.at 7:30/ at this time在这时/ at that moment在那时/ at present此时，现在

at Christmas在圣诞节

at the party在聚会/ at the meeting在开会/at work在上班

at a high price以很高的价格/at the price of ten yuan a kilo以10元每公斤的价格

at school在学校/at work在上班

in/on the street以上两个短语可以互换，当出现具体的门牌号时介词用at,

at Center Street No.17在中心路17号

at table在吃饭at the table在桌旁

11.take...to把..带到/take me home带我回家/take sb for a walk带某人散步/take a train to Beijing乘火车去北京/take medicine吃要药/take a look看一看

take place发生

12.We are in need of exercise. (n)=We need exercise.(v)

We need to do some reading every day.

The room is very dirty and needs cleaning.=The room is very dirty and need to be cleaned.

sb need to do /sth need doing=sth need to be done

Need we call him?（情态动词）=Do we need to call him?（实义动词）

No, we needn’t call him.（情态动词）=No, we don’t need to call him.（实义动词）13.learn sth学习.../ learn sth from从...学到/learn from向...学习/learn to do sth学做..

learn意为“学到”，强调结果。

study学习，强调动作（即较深入，系统的学习有“深入研究”）

14.speak强调讲话这一动作本身，演讲或说话的能力，讲某种语言。

say 强调说话的内容Let me say “Thanks”to you.

say还有“写着”的意思，Look! There is a card. It says”CLOSED”

talk强调交谈talk to/with talk about sth./sb

tell强调“告诉”tell sb sth=tell sth to sb

tell a lie撒谎/tell the truth讲事实/ tell jokes讲笑话

15.动词+副词构成的动词短语，其宾语是名词的时候，可放在动词的副词之间，也可以放在副词的后面。put sth on=put on sth take sth off=take off sth

write sth down=write down sth give sth back=give back sth

work sth out=work out sth turn sth off= turn off sth fillsth out=fill out sth

但如果宾语是代词it/them则只能放在中间。

get on 上车get on the bus/get on it

16.the first/the second/....the last to do sth.第几个做...

17.have(表所有，具有），there be (表存在，即某地或某时存在着某人某物），但有时可以互换。Our school has many books.=There are many books in our school. 表达我家有三个人。常用There are there people in my family.不用My family has....

18.(1)join your school sports club/join the team/join the army/join the Party/join WTO

join=enter=become a member of（加入组织）

(2)join them in their talk about the match/join them in talking about the match（加入活动）join=take part in their talk about the match/take part in talking about the match

(3)I was in the running race at the sports meeting.

I have been in the club for two weeks.(be in..参加可跟活动和组织，且可持续）