重读闭音节和过去式过去分词
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英语动词变过去式和过去分词记忆法
动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词
规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
注:闭音节是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。
闭音节: a)辅音+元音+辅音例如:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音例如 it、of;
c) 元音+多个辅音例如: egg ,fish 。
重读闭音节:闭音节为重读音节的音节。
重读闭音节中元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,而是发短元音。
如::run
swim jog sit begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当于把gin 改成双写的) .
重读闭音节三要素:
(1)必须是重读音节;
(2)以一个辅音字母结尾;
(3)元音字母发短元音。
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
不规则动词动词过去式和过去分词变化规律如下:
【AAA型】:Cost → cost → cost
cut → cut → cut put → put → put
read → read → read set → set → set
shut → shut → shut hit → hit →hit
hurt→ hurt → hurt let → let → let
【ABB型】: (原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)
catch → caught → caught teach → taught → taught
bring → brought → brought buy → bought → bought
think → thought → thought
(原形→元音变化→元音变化)
sit → sat → sat meet→ met→ met
find → found → found get → got → got
stand → stood → stood understand understood understood win→ won→ won hold → held → held
shine → shone→ shone dig→ dug → dug
hang→ hung/hanged→ hung/ha nged
(原形→ “…t” → “…t”)
lose → los t→ lost build→ built → built
spill→ spilt → spilt spoil → spoilt→ spoilt
send → sent → sent spend→ spent → spent
smell → smelt → smelt feel → felt → felt
mean→ meant → meant lend → lent → lent
learn → learnt/learned → learnt/learned
(原形→ “…d” → “…d”)
Make → made → made have(has) → had → had
pay → paid → paid say → said → said
lay → laid → laid sell → sold → sold
tell → told → told h ear → heard → heard
(“ee/ea” → “e..t” → “e..t”)
sweep → swept swept keep → kept → kept
leave → left → left sleep → slept → slept
【ABC型】: (原形→变形→原形+en/ne)
be(am,is)→ was→ been be(are) → were→ been
see→ saw → seen do → did → done
go→ went → gone beat → beat → beaten
eat → ate → eaten give→ gave → given
hide→ hid → hidden fall→ fell → fallen
mistake→ mistook → mistaken take→ took → taken
drive→ drove→ driven rise→ rose → risen
ride→ rode → ridden write → wrote→ written (原形→ “-o-” → “过去式-n”)
break → broke → broken speak→ spoke → spoken
choose → chose →chosen forget→ forgot → forgotten
freeze → froze→ frozen wake woke/waked woken/waked
(原形→ “ew” → “原形-n”)
draw → drew→ drawn blow → blew→ blown
show→ showed → shown fly → flew → flown
grow→ grew → grown throw → threw→ thrown
know → knew→ known
(原形→ “-a-” → “-u-”)
b egin→ began→ begun ring → rang → rung
drink → drank → dru nk sing → sang → sung
sink→ sank/sunk →sunk/sunken swim →s wam → swum
【其他】lie→ lay → lain wear → wore → worn
【ABA型】 become became become
come → came → come run→ ran → run
【AB型】(无过去分词) May might Must must can could shall should will would
英语重读闭音节就是闭音节为重读音节的音节。
重读闭音节中元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,而是发短元音。
重读闭音节三要素:
(1)必须是重读音节;
(2)以一个辅音字母结尾;
(3)元音字母发短元音。
改变时态时,重读闭音节需要双写末尾辅音字母.
如:run--running
swim--swimming
jog--jogging
sit---sitting
begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当于把gin改成双写的) .
像travel这种重读不在vel的,可以为travelled,也可以是traveled.
举两个很经典的例子:
forbid---forbidding (重读闭音节,双写).
prohibit---prohibiting (重读在第二音节,非重读闭音节,不双写).
变为过去式时[1],重读闭音节也需双写末尾辅音字母
如prefer---preferred(重读闭音节,双写)
offer---offered(重读第一音节,非重读闭音节,不双写)
元音:a e i o u
辅音:b d g v r z n p m t c (k g) f l s h j w y q
半元音:y
2什么叫闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。
可以这么理解:
闭音节: a)辅音+元音+辅音例如:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音例如 it、of;
c) 元音+多个辅音例如: egg ,fish 。
3重读音节
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。
用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号“'”。
单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:stu-dent -Chi-na -sec-ond -au-tumn in--deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。
双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如:
a-bout be-fore ex-cuse re-pair for-get-ful in-ven-tor
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如:im-pression republic;emphatic
在含有两个以上音节的单词中才涉及到重读音节和非重读音节的区分。
①单音节词几乎都按重读音节对待。
②双音节名词60%以上是第一个音节重读;双音节动词有90%以上是第二个音节重读;
③三个或三个以上音节的单词中有比较大的一部分是倒数第三个音节重读;
④能辨清词头、词干和词尾的,一般都是词干重读;⑤含有—tion—sion,—ssion等字母组合的,肯定是该字母组合前紧挨着那个的音节重读。