过去式和过去分词

（一）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词

一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如：cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-h urt-hurt, spread-spread-spread

特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如：

come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome

三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：

1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如：

lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent

2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如：

sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held

3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如：

keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept

4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如：

buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teac h-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught

5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如：

say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid

6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如：

have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt

四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如：

五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：

blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew -known

六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如：

rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten

特殊：write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten （二）、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1) 规则变化

情况例词读音与说明

一般在动词原形后加-ed look

call

open

need looked

called

opened

needed looked [lukt]

called [kC:ld]

opened [5EupEnd]

needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后

发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d] ②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕

后发音为[id]

③但fix的过去式和过去

分词x不双写，为fixed.

以-e结尾的动词加-d move

phone

hope

agree moved

phoned

hoped

agreed moved [mu:vd]

phoned [fEund]

hoped [hEupt]

agreed [E5^ri:d]

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，

再加-ed study

carry

try studied

studied

carried studied [5stQdid]

carried [5kArid]

tried [traid]

以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play

enjoy

stay played

enjoyed

stayed played [pleid]

enjoyed [in5dVCid]

stayed [steid]

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan

fit stopped

planned

fitted stopped [stCpt]

planned [plAnd]

fitted [5fitid]

以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，

再加-ed prefer

refer preferred

referred preferred [prI`f:d]

referred [ri5fE:]

2) 不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。

例：

原形过去式过去分词

cut（切）

hit（打）

cast（扔）

hurt（伤害）

put（放）

let（让）

shut（关）

cost（花费）

set（放）

rid（清除）cut

hit

cast

hurt

put

let

shut