高中英语 过去完成时(The past perfect tense)
过去完成时
四、与现在完成时的区别
• 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基 点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时 则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的 动作不仅发生在过去，更强调"过去的过去"，只有和过 去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
么，我只等了几分钟。
五、与一般过去时的区别
• 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调" 过去的过去";而一般过去时只强调过去某一 特定的时间。
• 比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
• They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. • 2.过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，
_ (die). • 3. They ____ (study) the map of the country before th
ey ___ (leave). • 4. The robbers ______ (run away ) before the policem
en_______ (arrive). • 5. I ______ (turn off) all the lights before I ______ (go)
to bed. • Answers: 1. had painted... moved 2. had made ...
died 3. had studied…left 4. had run away..arrived 5. had turned off …went
改错题
1 Paul went out with Jane after he made a phone call.
关于英语过去完成时的用法
关于英语过去完成时的用法过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。
那么你们了解吗?有没有掌握呢?接下来小编在这里给大家带来英语过去完成时的用法，我们一起来看看吧!英语过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。
这里的过去时间可以用某个时间状语表示，也可以通过上下文表示。
1. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也有可能早已结束或完成。
例如：When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。
2. 表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作的用法，这种情况多见于宾语从句。
例如：He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。
3. 表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。
例如：By seven o’clock the worker had worked for ten hours. 到七点钟为止，那位工人已经工作十个小时了。
4. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.我们本希望你能来，但是你没来。
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1) 过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的过去时间状语连用，但意思有明显区别。
过去完成时用法归纳
过去完成时用法归纳答案：过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
一、概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词。
1.肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.2.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.3.疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn't.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？5.被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.二、用法：1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。
)2. 与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
例如：The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
) The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。
) 解说：使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的：He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。
英语时态：过去完成时
英语时态：过去完成时过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
Ⅰ. 句法结构：1.陈述句：助动词have过去式+ doneA. 肯定形式：主语+had+done+其他B. 否定形式：主语+had not+done+其他注：助动词had不构成实际含义，因为是过去式，所以也不用与主语进行人称和数的变化；而行为（实义）动词仍统一以done形式存在在结构中，没有进行人称和数变化。
2.疑问句：A. 一般疑问句：助动词提前即可Had+主语+done+其他B.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（同上）3.被动语态：主语+ had + been +done +其他【被动结构be done，时体现在助动词】➢两态变化例句参考下表：Ⅰ. 主要用法：过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。
不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
常与by the end of, by the time ..., before等时间状语连用。
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.He said he had made great progress since he came here.3.放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
过去完成时-英语语法课件
过去完成时的疑问句 一般疑问句句型：Had + 主语 + 过去分词...? 回答方式： Yes，主语 + had. / No，主语 + had + not.
过去完成时的疑问句是将助动词had置于主语之前（大写had的第一个字母），在句尾 加问号；这种语序是倒装语序：
I visited the museum yesterday. —Had you visited it before? —Yes，I had./No，I hadn’t. 昨天我参观了这个博物馆。 ——你以前参观过这个博物馆吗? ——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。
过去完成时的肯定句 句型：主语 + had + 过去分词...
过去完成时的肯定句由助动词had加过去分词构成：
He had already been to New York earlier in the week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 Jane had just left when you rang. 你打电话时简刚走。
这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例句： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现 的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树了。
过去完成时
Practice 1
came (come) to work in a.Before Miss Yi _______ Haikou in 2007, she __________ had taught (teach) in Hunan for years.
had given (give) b.After the government __________ help to Wenchang, people there sped ____ (speed) up rebuilding home. (speed up: 加速)
D
D. returned, had graduated
2. We ____ our high school life by last October. A. began C. had begun B. has begun D. would begun
C
Presentation 3
Jackie Chan cried because his son______________ had been taken (take) away by the police for taking drugs. had + been done (被动式)
he became a famous popular star.
过去完成时常与after / before 时间状语(从句)连用,时态 搭配是： after 从句(had done?/did?), +主句(had did done?/did?). had done before从句( had done? done?/did). did / did?), +主句(had had done
Summary
高考英语现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
The present perfect tense &
The past perfect tense
形式
现在完成时
过去完成时
have/has+done
had + done
She has waited here for an hour.
By the end of last term we had learned 4000 English words.
(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend
2.I ___900 English words by the time I was ten.
(A)learned (B)was learning (C)had learned (D)learnt 3. It is said that he_h_a_s_b_e_e_n_ sent to Australia to improve
cover, earn, fail, make, permit
Tsinghua University has made swimming a compulsory course for all students. Those who are not able to swim will not be permitted to graduate. The new regulation, starting this year, states that all students must pass a swim test, and those who fail must take a swimming course. Students can take the swimming course any time in the latter three years of their university experience. A “pass” can be earned by covering 50 meters using breaststroke (蛙泳), butterfly, freestyle or backstroke (仰泳).
高中英语过去完成时(36张PPT)
I _h_a_d_m__ea_n_t_to come, but I was too busy.
Have a try
1.When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _____ her before. A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen
survivor. ‘I never thought it would sink.’
On 13th April, the Titanic was sailing at full speed
towards New York.
The captain ⑹__h_a_d__r_e_c_e_iv_e_d__(receive) warnings
+ 一般过去时。 No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词 +
than + 一般过去时。 Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词+
before + 一般过去时。 如：No sooner had we been seated
than the bus started. 我们一坐下，车就开了。
Lead in
Hong Kong _r_et_u_r_n_e_d_ to China in 1997.
Macao r_e_t_u_r_n_e_d_ to China in 1999.
Hong Kong _h_a_d_r_e_t_u_r_n_e_d_to China before Macao came back to China.
过去完成时详细讲解
Mrs. Green got ready for the breakfast before 6:30 a.m. Mrs. Green had got ready for the breakfast when Mr. Green got up at 6:30 a.m.
former action
er action
Which happened first?
1. Millie ran back to schoolb. ecause Millie left her magazine in the classroom.
Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom.
Something in Green’s family yesterday
Sara finished her computer work at 12:00 p.m.
Jim went to sleep at 10:00 p.m.
Jim had gone to sleep when Sara finished her computer work.
Something in Green’s family yesterday
Jim finished his homework at 7:00p.m.
Mr. Green drove back home at 7:30 p.m. Jim had finished his homework when his father drove back last night.
former action
高中语法——过去完成时
基本用法
5 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后， 反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时
What happened first?
a. Millie ran back to school.
b. Millie left her magazine in the classroom.
Simon left school late because the football game had started late.
构成：助动词had + 动词的过去分词
用法：
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某 一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去 某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
1.他说他以前见过你。 He said that he ____h_a_d__se_e_n____ (see) you before.
2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。 By six o’clock they ___h_a_d__w_o_r_k_e_d__(work) for eight hours.
After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.
1. ran out of breath 2. drank water
——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→
had run out
drank water
now
of breath
The bus____ already _____ (leave) by the time I got there. had, left
高中英语必备语法总结
高中英语必备语法总结以下为您提供 20 个高中英语必备的语法总结、英语释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：---1. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）- 语法总结：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。
- 英语释义：The present perfect tense is used to express an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or an action that happened in the past and has an effect on the present.- 短语：have/has done- 单词：finished, completed, achieved- 用法：I have lived in this city for five years. （我在这个城市住了五年了。
）- 双语例句：He has just left. （他刚刚离开。
） She has never been to Beijing. （她从未去过北京。
）2. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）- 语法总结：表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
- 英语释义：The past perfect tense indicates an action that was completed before another past action or time.- 短语：had done- 单词：gone, been, seen- 用法：By the time I arrived, they had already left. （我到的时候，他们已经离开了。
）- 双语例句：She had studied English for five years before she moved to the UK. （在她搬到英国之前，她已经学了五年英语。
过去完成时
(finish)
had The thieves _______ (run) away, when the run police arrived.
I had brushed my teeth, before he ______ (get) up.
had When I woke up, it __________ (stop) raining. stopped
got
had finished I __________ (finish) my homework by the time I had supper.
Tips:主语+过去完成时+when / before/by the time 引导的 从句（从句用 一般过去时
过去完成时的用法
5.表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose, expect 等， 用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打 算意图，意味“原本…. 本来….”
time ,so Last Sunday I went to visit her.
用法：
过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时 刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态， 这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。
英语必考时态结构之过去完成时
英语必考时态结构之过去完成时过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
下面是小编为您收集整理的英语必考时态结构之过去完成时，供大家参考!英语必考时态结构之过去完成时过去完成时1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3. 基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
4. 用法1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
注意：had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
过去完成时态
�
学习过去完成时需注意的两个问题: 学习过去完成时需注意的两个问题: 1. 过去完成时态的肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简短回答: 过去完成时态的肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简短回答: She had left when got there. She hadn't left when I got there. Had she left when you got there? Yes, she had. No, she hadn't. I had had my breakfast before six o'clock this morning. I hadn't had my homework before six o'clock this morning Had you had your breakfast before six o'clock this …? Yes, I had. No, I hadn't.
Functions: Making Telephone Calls Who is it/this/that? 1. 你是谁? 你是谁? 2. 你是 你是……吗? Is it/this/that …(speaking)? 吗 3. 是的,我是 是的,我是…… Yes, (this/it is) …(speaking). 4. 不是.恐怕他 她这会儿不在. No, it isn't. 不是.恐怕他/她这会儿不在 她这会儿不在. I'm afraid he/she isn't here at the moment/right now. 5. 请问,我可以和……讲话吗? 请问,我可以和……讲话吗 讲话吗? Can/May/Could I speak to …, please? 6. 当然可以. 请稍等. Certainly/Sure/Of course. 当然可以. 请稍等. Hold on, please./Please wait a moment/minute. 7. 我想找 我想找Tom接电话. 接电话. 接电话 Hello! I'd like to speak to Tom. 8. 我可以给你捎个信吗? Can I take a message for you? 我可以给你捎个信吗? 9. 我会给他再打电话的. I will ring him up again. 我会给他再打电话的.
新人教版选择性必修二 Unit 3：Discover Useful Structures
The Usage of the Tense (2)
1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman. 2. He said he _h_a_d__w_o_r_k_e_d__ (work) in that factory since 1949. 3. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally __c_a_m_e__ (come).
Practice Makes Perfect 即学即练
1. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I _h_a_v_e_k_e_p_t_ (keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷)
had done
Present
“过去的过去” Past
Future
Ⅱ Five Usages of the
Past Perfect Tense
The Usage of the Tense (1)
1. When the police arrived, the thief had run away. 2. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Tom had lost lots of jobs. 3. He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening. 4. By the end of June, they _h_a_d_t_r_e_a_te_d_ (treat) over 800 patients. （1）表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的 动作。
过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时The Past Perfect Tense一．构成：肯定式：主语+ had + done否定式：主语+ hadn’t + done疑问式：Had + 主语+ done?二．基本用法：表过去某一时间前发生的动作。
注意不要轻易使用此时态。
一定要在上下文中找到一个过去时间作为参照物，有“过去的过去”的含义时才可用。
常用标志有：already，before，ever，just，by + 过去时间，（时态为一般过去时的）从句等。
例如：1. When he got there, the bus had left. 当他到那时，公共汽车已经开了。
2. I had learned 10,000 English words by the end of last year. 到去年年末为止，我已经学了一万个英语单词。
3. How long had Mr. Li lived in the south before he came here? 李先生来这儿以前在南方住了多久？4. He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否写了信给彼得。
三．注意：在no sooner… than，hardly / scarcely … when的句型中，主句通常用过去完成时，而than或when从句中的动词用一般过去时。
例如：1. No sooner had he left home than it rained. 他刚离开家天就下雨了。
2. Hardly / Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了。
将来完成时The Future Perfect Tense一．构成：肯定式：主语+ shall / will + have + done否定式：主语+shall/will not + have + done疑问式：Shall/Will + 主语+ have + done?二．基本用法：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。
过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时The Past Perfect Tense一．构成：肯定式：主语+ had + done否定式：主语+ hadn’t + done疑问式：Had + 主语+ done?二．基本用法：表过去某一时间前发生的动作。
注意不要轻易使用此时态。
一定要在上下文中找到一个过去时间作为参照物，有“过去的过去”的含义时才可用。
常用标志有：already，before，ever，just，by + 过去时间，（时态为一般过去时的）从句等。
例如：1. When he got there, the bus had left. 当他到那时，公共汽车已经开了。
2. I had learned 10,000 English words by the end of last year. 到去年年末为止，我已经学了一万个英语单词。
3. How long had Mr. Li lived in the south before he came here? 李先生来这儿以前在南方住了多久？4. He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否写了信给彼得。
三．注意：在no sooner… than，hardly / scarcely … when的句型中，主句通常用过去完成时，而than或when从句中的动词用一般过去时。
例如：1. No sooner had he left home than it rained. 他刚离开家天就下雨了。
2. Hardly / Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了。
将来完成时The Future Perfect Tense一．构成：肯定式：主语+ shall / will + have + done否定式：主语+shall/will not + have + done疑问式：Shall/Will + 主语+ have + done?二．基本用法：将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。
过去完成时及练习题100道(含答案)
过去完成及练习一、过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense ）的概念及构成1．概念：它表示动作发生的时间是“过去．．的过去．．．”。
包括： a ．过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或．．．．．．．动作．．之前已经发生或完成了的动作．．．．．．．．．．．．．； b ．过去完成时还可以表示，从过去的某一时间开始到过去的另一．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．时间．．的动作或．．．． 状态．．。
2．过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成。
其中助动词had 适用于所有人称 和数。
例如：① 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其它He had written 100 books by the end of last year.② 否定句：主语 + had not + 过去分词 + 其它He had not written 100 books by the end of last year.③ 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其它？Had he written 100 books by the end of last year?④一般疑问的回答：肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had.否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn’t (had not)如：例句的肯定回答：Yes, he had.否定回答：No, hadn’t.④ 特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句（Had + 主语 + 过去分词）? 例如： How many books had he written by the end of last year?二、过去完成时的用法a ．过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或．．．．．．．动作．．之前已经发生或完成了的动．．．．．．．．．．．． 作．。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去．．的过去．．．”。
1．用by, by then, by the end of, by the time (of) 等构成的短语。
英语过去完成时的概念
英语过去完成时的概念The Past Perfect Tense in English: A Thorough Exploration.The past perfect tense in English is a complex grammatical construction that denotes actions or statesthat were completed at a point in the past, often before another action in the past. It is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to have" (had) with the past participle of the main verb. This tense is often used to establish a clear sequence of events in the past,indicating that one event occurred before another.The past perfect tense is often confused with the simple past tense, but there are distinct differences between the two. The simple past tense simply indicatesthat an action or state occurred in the past, without specifying a specific time or sequence. On the other hand, the past perfect tense specifies a time in the past before which an action was completed, often in relation to anotheraction or event.One of the key uses of the past perfect tense is to describe actions that occurred before a specific time in the past, such as before a certain event or before a particular time period. For example, if we want to say that someone had eaten dinner before they went to the movie, we would use the past perfect tense: "They had eaten dinner before they went to the movie." This construction clearly establishes the sequence of events: eating dinner occurred before going to the movie.The past perfect tense can also be used to describe actions that were completed before a particular point in time in the past, even if the exact time is not specified. For instance, if we want to express that someone had lived in a city for a long time before moving to another place, we might say: "She had lived in New York for ten years before she moved to Paris." Here, the past perfect tense indicates that living in New York was a completed action before the move to Paris, even though the exact time of the move is not specified.Another common use of the past perfect tense is in sentences that begin with before, after, or by the time. In these cases, the past perfect tense is used to describe actions that were completed before a specified time or event. For instance, in the sentence "By the time he arrived, she had already left," the past perfect tense "had left" indicates that the action of leaving occurred before the arrival.It's important to note that the past perfect tense is not always necessary in English. In many cases, the simple past tense can be used instead, especially when the sequence of events is clear from the context. However, using the past perfect tense can add precision and clarity to your writing, especially when dealing with complex sequences of events or when specifying a clear order of occurrence.In conclusion, the past perfect tense in English is a valuable tool for expressing actions and states that were completed at a point in the past, often before anotheraction or event. It allows speakers and writers to establish a clear sequence of events, specifying when one action occurred before another. By understanding and mastering this tense, English learners can enhance their ability to communicate precise and nuanced information about the past.。
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2) By the time he arrived at the station, the train_________(leave).
2. 主语+过去完成时，when / before 引导的从句（从句用_______）
This/ It was the first/ second ….time+ that 从句（用过去完成时）
1）That is the second time that she ___________(see) her grandfather.
2）It was the second time I ____________(visit) Shanghai.
The monitor told me that everyone __had done__ (do) well in the e_ (run) away, when the police arrived.
2）I had brushed my teeth, before he _________ (get) up.
3. This /It is the first/ second ……time + that从句（用现在完成时）
1）That is the second time that she __has seen___(see) her grandfather.
2）It was the second time I __had visited___(visit) Shanghai.
4. 在宾语从句或间接引语中，如果主句是过去时，从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用过去完成时
定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。
构成：had＋done 被动式：had been done
1. 出现by, by the time, by the end of +过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时
1) By the end of last month, I __had read___ (read) three books.
过去完成时(The past perfect tense)
定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。
构成：had＋done 被动式：had been done
1. 出现by, by the time, by the end of +过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时
4. 在宾语从句或间接引语中，如果主句是过去时，从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用过去完成时
The monitor told me that everyone _________ (do) well in the examination.
参考答案
过去完成时(The past perfect tense)
2) By the time he arrived at the station, the train__had left___(leave).
2. 主语+过去完成时，when / before 引导的从句（从句用___一般过去式____）
1）The thieves _had run__ (run) away, when the police arrived.
2）I had brushed my teeth, before he ___got____ (get) up.
3. This /It is the first/ second ……time + that从句（用现在完成时）
This/ It was the first/ second ….time+ that 从句（用过去完成时）