我眼中的马克吐温

我眼中的马克吐温

在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位具有探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调的伟大作家,但在我眼中,他却是一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的人。

马克•吐温一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，尔后便以作家和演说家的身份周游世界。马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的信号语。

在马克•吐温青年时代，密西西比河流域是美国的地理中心，也是是美国中部的交通大动脉，大量的货物在此地集散。1857年，少年马克•吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏入了密西西比河流域这片天地。在这个工作岗位上，他接触到了各式各样的人物，看到了一个多姿多彩的世界。所有这一切，对他的后来的作品产生深刻的影响。

内战爆发后，马克•吐温便离开了密西西比河流域，加入了南方邦联游击队。但那支队伍却想方设法避免与敌军交战。马克•吐温气愤地离开了那支队伍。

他又来到西部，在内华达州受到淘金热的诱惑，加入到其中的行列，但最终遭到了失败而感到心灰意冷。

在破产和灰心之余，他接受了为弗吉尼亚市《领土开发报》当记者的工作，从此便踏上了文学的道路。马克•吐温开始小试牛刀，但却因写了一些尖锐的评论文章而被迫离开这座城市，逃到萨克拉门托山谷的金矿区暂避风头。他对那儿的拓荒者们的描使他在西海岸地区被人接受。

1864年与1865年之交的那个冬天，马克•吐温是在安吉尔斯矿区度过的。无聊中，他记录了一条叙述当天听到的一则故事的记录——这条记录决定了他一生事业的发展方向：

“科尔曼用他的跳蛙——与陌生人赌50美元——陌生人没有跳蛙，科尔曼去给他弄来一只——陌生人利用这段时间将科的跳蛙肚子塞满铅弹，这样，科的跳蛙跳不起来，陌生人的跳蛙便得以获胜。”

经过马克•吐温的改写后，这个故事登在美国各地的报纸上，成了家喻户晓的“卡拉韦拉斯县有名的跳蛙”。至此，马克•吐温作为“太平洋海岸狂放的幽默大师”的声望在全国确立起来了。

两年之后，他从纽约市，乘“费城号”蒸汽船到欧洲和圣地进行了一次观光航行。马克•吐温作为加利福尼亚一家报纸的记者被委派随同观光团采访。他对一些受人景仰的艺术家和艺术珍品加以鄙薄，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。回国以后，越来越多的报纸开始刊登他的文章，受到全美国人的喜爱。

三十六岁时，马克•吐温开始定居于康涅狄格州哈特福德镇，他的最优秀的作品全是在那段时间里问世的。

1876年他的《汤姆•索亚》出版，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作，几乎像《独立宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。之后，哈克成为一本被许多人认为是最成功的描写美国人的作品的书中的主人公。

马克•吐温的一生都笼罩在悲剧的阴影之中，自己的亲人一个接一个地去世。这位令全世界欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世的辛酸。他早期作品中的道德说教曾包着一层幽默的外衣，现在幽默换成了辛辣的讽刺。他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。但他最后一个幻想到后来似乎也破灭了。在晚年口述自传中，表现出了他极度绝望的心情，希望从尘世的苦难中的得到解脱。

Mark Twain in My Eye

In the heart of majority of Americans, Mark Twaining is a great writer that has to investigate spirit, patriotic passionate and romantic qualities and humorous style of writing, but in the my eyes, he is a person who becomes misanthropic of society, sarcastic asperity because of deeply being subjected to stroke of the life tragedy.

Mark Twain from cradle to the grave in have more than 1/3 time the wave vestige whole the United States, then visit a world by the identity week of the writer and the speech house thereafter.Mark Twain Wen Yuan Ming to fill Mou Er?The boon of Lang He?Gram Si in the Lai door, his pen name draws from he does on board in the steam the man-hour hears of signal language.

In the Mark Twain youth's ages, river valley in Mississippi is the geography center of the United States, also the transportation aorta that is American central part, a great deal of goods at here gather to spread.In 1857, youth's Mark Twaining was a steam a small navigator on board to step to go into river valley in Mississippi, this world.On this work post, he came in contact with various persons and saw a versatile world.All all theses, to the his later work creation deep influence.

After civil war breaks out, Mark Twain and then left river valley in Mississippi, joined a southern nation allied visit shot of brigade.But that troops thinks that the square tries to avoid engaging with enemy's soldier.Mark Twained angry's ground to leave that troops.

He arrives at the west again, is panned for gold hot temptation in the Nevada, join to arrive row or columns in it, but finally encountered failure but feel dispirited and discouraged.

In bankrupt and disappointed remaining, he accepted for the Fu Ji Ni second city 《the territory development reports 》is the reporter's work and from now on and then stepped on literary road.Mark?The knife that vomits to start to be small trying a cow, but Be forced to leave this city because of writing some sharp commentary articles, escape the Sa carat gold mine area that give valley in the door to temporary take shelter from the wind a head.He makes him be accepted in the west coast region to the pioneers there copying.

In 1864 with 1865 it hand over of winter, Mark Twaining is at Anne the Ji Er Si mineral the area spend.Is boring medium, he recorded a description to hear on that day of a record of story-this record come to a decision him whole life the development direction of the business:

"The section Er Man is used his to jump a frog-and stranger's wager USD 50-stranger didn't jump a frog, the section Er Man was given him the lane a -the stranger make use of to play the jumping of section frog belly cramming lead for this period of time, so, the jumping of section leapfrog doesn't get up, the frog of jumping of stranger has to to win."

After mark?After vomiting rewriting of, this story ascends on the newspaper of the whole the United States and became widely known"the card pulls Wei to pull a Si county to well-knownly jump a frog".Go to this, Mark Twaining was the reputation of"Pacific Ocean unrestrained humorous master in the coast" to establish in the whole country.

Two years after, he is from New York City and took steam ship in"Philadelphia" to Europe and holy land to carry on a sightseeing voyage.Mark Twaining is a reporter of newspaper in California be appointed to together with make sight-seeing trip a regiment interview.He takes into Bi to some artists who are admired by person and the art delicacies thin, even also presume to take into by besmirching sexual language of expression to insult to the religious holy land.After returning to country, more and more newspaper start publishing his article, is subjected to whole Americanses' fancy.

At the age of 36, Mark Twain to start settling in the Kang Nie Di space the state admire blessing virtuous town especially, all of his second to none works publish within that period of time.

1876 his 《Tom?The Suo is second 》publication, soon become American stories for children of classic of make, almost like 《declaration of independence 》became the United States school today inside of necessarily study originally.After, admire the gram become a be thought by many people to is host's Mr. in the book of the work of depiction American that succeeds most .

Mark?The whole life that vomits all covers with in the shadow of tragedy, own close relatives one after another die.The person who laughs heartily the whole world by himself[herself] but satisfied tasted human life of sad.He the morals preachment in the earlier period work once wrapped humorous jacket of 1 F, the humor changed now mordacity of irony.He points out that the mankind should abandon religion imagination, depend on to depend on oneself but isn't god's strength to create a more fine world.But his last fantasized to arrive to seem to be also to fall through afterwards.Dictate autobiography in the old age in, express he extremely despairing mood, hope from the distress of material life of be set free.