高考形容词和副词讲义

高考形容词和副词讲义

（关键词：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词！）

多个形容词作定语时的顺序：

口诀记忆：限定词在前，序基绘大小，形时色来源，材质加功能

解释：（限定词指的是冠词定冠词所有格等；序数词，基数词，描绘性（例如好看不好看，漂亮之类的）形容词，表示大小的，表形状的，表年代的（哪一年代产生的），表颜色的，表来源的，表示用哪类材料制造的，有什么功能的形容词）

多个副词顺序：方式+地点+时间

倍数表达法

三种常见倍数表达法：

1）倍数+ as + 原级形容词+ as ...。例如：

This road is three times as long as that one.

2）倍数+ the size / length / width / depth / height of ...。例如：

The river is five times the width of that one.

3）倍数+ 比较级+ than + 被比较对象。例如：

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

连系动词后用形容词而不是副词

表示感觉的系动词：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等

表示变化的系动词：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等

表示状态存在的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等

注：形容词修饰名词作定语一般放在名词前，但有如下特殊情况：a.形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。b.表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定语;c.enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

1.“甲+be+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”

例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。

2.“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…

例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。

4.the + 比较级，the + 比较级表示“越……，就越……”。例如：

It’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.

5.the +比较级+ of the + 名词/ 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如：

Who is the younger of the two boys?

6比较级+and+比较级(越来越……)。例如：Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

形容词和副词比较级和最高级规则变化

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest

5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

不规则变化:

原级比较级最高级

good/well better best

bad/ill worse worst

old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿

even甚至，still仍然

例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。

最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰；

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

more /less than及其相关结构

第一类

①more than＋具体数字=over：多于、超过……

He spoke English more than two years.(两年多)

more than＋名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅

China Daily is more than a newspaper and it can also help us learn English.

②not more than：不超过……，顶多……=at most

There were not more than 70 women in the store then.（不足70个女性）③no more than：仅仅，只不过

The theater was no more than a painted barn.

这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已（没什么大不了的）。

④less than：少于、不足……

Their car broke down where they drove less than five miles.（不到五英里）less than＋名词/形容词：仅仅

He is less than pleased to have visitors.

⑤not less than：……以上，至少……=at least

He has not less than 2oo dollars.（至少200美元）

⑥no less than：不会少于……，与……一样，简直就……

It is no less than robbery to ask me for so much.

要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。

第二类

①more＋形容词/副词/名词＋than：比……更……

I have found that he is a more efficient worker than any other one.

②more…than…：与其……不如……

He is not more an artist than a philosopher.

与其说他是位艺术家，不如说他是位哲学家。

③not more…than…：不如……，不及……

You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。

She was not more pleased than I was.她不及我开心。

④no＋比较级＋than：仅仅……，最多……，只不过……，和……一样不This kind of plant grows no higher than one inch.

这种植物最多长到一英寸。

The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。

He is no more a good player than I am.