学生用 2018届高中英语阅读理解专题之 猜测词义

2018届高中英语阅读理解专题之猜测词义【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。

【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the follo wing is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute（指。

）等。

（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。

（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。

eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. ( )2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶）at a time. （）Exercises:1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ___________2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. ___________3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. __________4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks. _________5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ___________Test 1There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms.61. What is ARICEPT？（）A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’sB. A medicine to delay signs of aging.C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.D. A medicine to cure brain damage.Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （）A. place in which you can see many mobile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food二．利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。

eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. __________2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.Exercises:1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ___________2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. ___________3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___________Test The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –--- deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite.56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans”and “station wagons”used in the text refers to _______. （）A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makers三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1）利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。

标志词有although, but, however, whereas（反之）,nevertheless （然而，不过），on the contrary, in contrast, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等。

（2）利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。

避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。

同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。

标志词有：or, like, similarly等。

eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. _____2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. ____Exercises:1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. ______2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’spopulation is quite homogeneous. ___________3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. ________5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy，we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. _______Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.（1）The underlined word “agony”in the last paragraph probably means_____ （）A. formB. conditionC. painD. sadnessTest 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork（软木塞）in water.（2）The word “buoyant”in this sentence most probably means______. ( )A. able to be usedB. able to move from one place to anotherC. able to float or rise to the surfaceD. able to carry anything四．用语境猜测语义（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。