动词不定式用法大全

Infinitive 不定式

一、结构：to+动词原形(not +to+vt, 疑问词+to+vt)

二、功能：主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

三、特征：保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等构成不定式短语。

四、时态和语态

主动语态被动语态

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing 无

完成式 to have done to have been done

They pretended not to see us.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)

He pretended to be sleeping.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)

She pretended to have known it before.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)

Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考)

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. to be telling

D. to have been told

He is considered ____ the first computer.(MET93 34)

A. to invent

B. inventing

C. to have invented

D. having invented

五、用法

1、作主语

1) 用it作形式主语。（带疑问词的不定式不能用形式主语代替）

2）不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语，由for或of引出，加在不定式短语前面。

下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty 淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise 不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的

这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词＋of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何，可以改写为：“Sb + be + 形容词+ to do sth.”而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。

注意：It is difficult for me to learn English. 更强调学英语很难，不能写成

I am difficult to learn English. （这句话含有逻辑错误。）

3)动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.

It was necessary to talk with his mother.

How to make requests politely is important.（不用it）

2、作表语

动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：

1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.

2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.

3、作宾语

1）可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：

要求选择同意（ask, choose, agree），期望决定学习（expect, hope, decide, learn），宁可假装知道（prefer, pretend, know），希望想要愿意（wish, want, would like / love）We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

He prefers to eat white bread and rice.

Id love to visit Mexico.

2）feel, find, make, think等动词后有不定式作宾语且又带宾补时，要用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式

I find it difficult to remember everything.

3）不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

A不定式作宾语表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作、习惯性的动作。

1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.

2)I like to eat vegetables.

B接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词

(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事

remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事

(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事

(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事

(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事

try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果

(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事

go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事

（8）stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事（目的状语）

stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，。

When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.

I stopped using them last year.

3、作补语

1）带to的不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议（ask, allow, permit, advise），期望邀请鼓励（expect, suppose, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），等待希望愿意（wait for, wish, would like / love）。如：

I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.