第3课发电机励磁系统简介
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第三课发电机励磁系统简介 Lesson Three
Brief Introduction of Generator Excitation System
物理学告诉我们：导体在磁场中运动、并切割磁场的磁力线时， 在导体的两端将会产生感应电势。如果导体闭合（带负载）就会 有电流流过。 —— 这就是最基本的发电机原理。
Physics tells us the conductor moving in the magnetic field and cutting off the magnetic lines，the emf (electromagnetic force) is generated at both ends of the conductor. The current therefore flows if the both ends of the conductor are connected forming a circuit (with load)— that is the basic principle of the generator.
转子和定子的位置
发电机定子线圈
转子结构
发电机转子被原动机（水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机等）拖动转动， 因而转子绕组产生的磁场也是旋转的，与静止的定子及定子绕组 产生相对运动。
The generator rotor is driven by the prime motors (such as steam turbine, waterwheel, diesel engine and etc), so does rotation of magnetic field generated by stator winding. It is a relatively motion compared with static stator and stator winding.
4. 发电机事故时，对转子绕组迅速灭磁，以保护发电机的安全。 4. If a generator problem occurs, perform de-excitation to stator
winding promptly to protect the generator.
励磁系统的主要构成 Main Components
自并激励磁系统的组成
Components
1.1 励磁变压器 1.1 Excitation transformer 1.2 自动励磁调节器(AER) 1.2 Automatic Excitation Rectifier (AER) 1.3 可控硅整流器 1.3 SCR 1.4 灭磁和过电压保护装置 1.4 De-excitation and overvoltage protection device 1.4.1 发电机转子绕组灭磁装置 1.4.1 Generator rotor winding de-excitation device 1.4.2 发电机转子绕组过电压保护装置 1.4.2 Generator rotor winding overvoltage device 1.4.3 可控硅整流装置直流侧过电压保护装置 1.4.3 Overvoltage protection device of SCR at dc side 1.5 发电机起励装置 1.5 Generator excitation starting device
the magnetic field of the generator.
发电机的转子和定子 Rotor and Stator
转子 —— 转子绕组通以直流电流，用以产生发电机的磁场；（电 生磁）
Rotor—the magnetic field is generated when applying dc (direct current) to the rotor winding (electricity generates magnetism).
发电机静止可控硅自并激励磁系统原理图
பைடு நூலகம்
Schematic Diagram of Generator Static SCR Self-shunt Excitation
1. 接自汽轮发电机机端的励磁变压器之副边电压，经可控硅整流 器整流后，供给汽轮发电机励磁。
1. The secondary voltage (LV side) of excitation transformer at turbo generator end has been rectified through SCR and then supplied excitation power to generator.
B.运动的导体必须切割磁力线。 B. The conductor rotated must cut off the magnetic line
励磁系统就是产生发电机磁场的控制系统。 Excitation system to some extent is a control system used to build up
微机励磁调节装置 Microcomputer Excitation Regulator
1. 按要求（机端电压偏差、恒电流、无功功率或功率因素）自动 调节可控硅整流装置输出的大小和方向。
1. To automatically regulate the value and direction of SCR at output base on requirements of (generator end bias, constant current Var or PF (Power Factor).
发电机必须同时满足两个条件： Simultaneously Meet Two Essential Conditions for a Generator
A.要有产生磁力线的磁场。 A. The magnetic field of which the magnetic line is generated
7. 上述 装置的控制系统、信号系统和测量仪表 7. Control systems, signal systems and instrumentation of the device
mentioned above
发电机静止可控硅自并激励磁系统（“自并激”励磁系统）简介
Brief Introduction of Generator Static SCR Self-shunt Excitation System
同步发电机励磁系统的功能 Excitation Function of Synchronous Generator
1.发电机并网前，调节发电机输出的端电压； 1. Regulates generator output voltage before synchronization.
2.发电机并网后，调节发电机承担的无功功率； 2. Regulates generator active power (MW) after synchronization.
2. 自动励磁调节装置 2. AER (Automatic Excitation Regulator)/AVR (Automatic Voltage
Regulator) 3. 手动励磁调节装置（可不设置） 3. Manual excitation regulator (option)
4. 自动灭磁装置 4. Automatic de-excitation device
3.1 Static stability: to improve the generator operating stability when it encounters little interference, this is accomplished by the sensitive and quick-acting excitation regulating system.
3.2动态稳定：采用响应快速、顶值电压较高的励磁调节系统，可 以提高发电机在的大扰动下的稳定性（动态稳定、暂态稳定）；
3.2 Dynamic stability: to improve the generator operating stability when it encounters large interference, this is accomplished by adopting excitation regulating system with quick-acting and ceiling voltage features.
2. 内有单通道或双通道冗余容错型数字式（微机型）励磁调节器 （AER）。
2. It is arranged single channel or dual channel redundancy error tolerance digital (micro computer) AER.
3.提高同步发电机并列运行的静、动态稳定 3. Improves the static and dynamic stability when the synchronous
generator operates in parallel.
3.1静态稳定: 采用灵敏快速的励磁调节系统，可以提高发电机在 小干扰下的稳定性（静态稳定）；
1. 励磁电源装置 1. Excitation power device
如直流励磁机、交流励磁机、励磁变压器、硅二极管整流装置、可 控硅整流装置等。
For example: dc exciter, ac exciter, excitation transformer, SR (Silicon Rectifier), SCR (Silicon Controllable Rectifier) and etc.
定子 —— 定子绕组被旋转的磁场之磁力线切割，在定子绕组中产 生（发出）电流。（磁生电）
Stator— the current is generated when stator winding is cut off by the magnetic line of rotating electric field ( magnetism generates electricity).
2. 自动励磁调节器（AER）控制可控硅整流器输出的励磁电流之 大小。
2. AER is used to control the excitation current output by SCR.
3. 自并激励磁系统没有旋转部分，属静态励磁系统 3. Self-shunt excitation is a static excitation without rotating part (ex
励磁系统的最基本功用 Basic Function of Excitation
产生可以任意控制其大小的直流电流称为“励磁电流”—— 向 发电机转子绕组输送，这就是励磁系统的最基本功用。控制（磁 场强弱）。
It is used to generate dc excitation current that is easy to control arbitrarily, supplying power to generator rotor winding. That is the basic function of excitation (to control magnetic field strength)
5. 发电机转子绕组过电压保护装置（小机组不设） 5. Generator rotor overvoltage protection device (for large capacity
unit)
6. 备用励磁系统 （可不设置） 6. Spare excitation system (option)
Brief Introduction of Generator Excitation System
物理学告诉我们：导体在磁场中运动、并切割磁场的磁力线时， 在导体的两端将会产生感应电势。如果导体闭合（带负载）就会 有电流流过。 —— 这就是最基本的发电机原理。
Physics tells us the conductor moving in the magnetic field and cutting off the magnetic lines，the emf (electromagnetic force) is generated at both ends of the conductor. The current therefore flows if the both ends of the conductor are connected forming a circuit (with load)— that is the basic principle of the generator.
转子和定子的位置
发电机定子线圈
转子结构
发电机转子被原动机（水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机等）拖动转动， 因而转子绕组产生的磁场也是旋转的，与静止的定子及定子绕组 产生相对运动。
The generator rotor is driven by the prime motors (such as steam turbine, waterwheel, diesel engine and etc), so does rotation of magnetic field generated by stator winding. It is a relatively motion compared with static stator and stator winding.
4. 发电机事故时，对转子绕组迅速灭磁，以保护发电机的安全。 4. If a generator problem occurs, perform de-excitation to stator
winding promptly to protect the generator.
励磁系统的主要构成 Main Components
自并激励磁系统的组成
Components
1.1 励磁变压器 1.1 Excitation transformer 1.2 自动励磁调节器(AER) 1.2 Automatic Excitation Rectifier (AER) 1.3 可控硅整流器 1.3 SCR 1.4 灭磁和过电压保护装置 1.4 De-excitation and overvoltage protection device 1.4.1 发电机转子绕组灭磁装置 1.4.1 Generator rotor winding de-excitation device 1.4.2 发电机转子绕组过电压保护装置 1.4.2 Generator rotor winding overvoltage device 1.4.3 可控硅整流装置直流侧过电压保护装置 1.4.3 Overvoltage protection device of SCR at dc side 1.5 发电机起励装置 1.5 Generator excitation starting device
the magnetic field of the generator.
发电机的转子和定子 Rotor and Stator
转子 —— 转子绕组通以直流电流，用以产生发电机的磁场；（电 生磁）
Rotor—the magnetic field is generated when applying dc (direct current) to the rotor winding (electricity generates magnetism).
发电机静止可控硅自并激励磁系统原理图
பைடு நூலகம்
Schematic Diagram of Generator Static SCR Self-shunt Excitation
1. 接自汽轮发电机机端的励磁变压器之副边电压，经可控硅整流 器整流后，供给汽轮发电机励磁。
1. The secondary voltage (LV side) of excitation transformer at turbo generator end has been rectified through SCR and then supplied excitation power to generator.
B.运动的导体必须切割磁力线。 B. The conductor rotated must cut off the magnetic line
励磁系统就是产生发电机磁场的控制系统。 Excitation system to some extent is a control system used to build up
微机励磁调节装置 Microcomputer Excitation Regulator
1. 按要求（机端电压偏差、恒电流、无功功率或功率因素）自动 调节可控硅整流装置输出的大小和方向。
1. To automatically regulate the value and direction of SCR at output base on requirements of (generator end bias, constant current Var or PF (Power Factor).
发电机必须同时满足两个条件： Simultaneously Meet Two Essential Conditions for a Generator
A.要有产生磁力线的磁场。 A. The magnetic field of which the magnetic line is generated
7. 上述 装置的控制系统、信号系统和测量仪表 7. Control systems, signal systems and instrumentation of the device
mentioned above
发电机静止可控硅自并激励磁系统（“自并激”励磁系统）简介
Brief Introduction of Generator Static SCR Self-shunt Excitation System
同步发电机励磁系统的功能 Excitation Function of Synchronous Generator
1.发电机并网前，调节发电机输出的端电压； 1. Regulates generator output voltage before synchronization.
2.发电机并网后，调节发电机承担的无功功率； 2. Regulates generator active power (MW) after synchronization.
2. 自动励磁调节装置 2. AER (Automatic Excitation Regulator)/AVR (Automatic Voltage
Regulator) 3. 手动励磁调节装置（可不设置） 3. Manual excitation regulator (option)
4. 自动灭磁装置 4. Automatic de-excitation device
3.1 Static stability: to improve the generator operating stability when it encounters little interference, this is accomplished by the sensitive and quick-acting excitation regulating system.
3.2动态稳定：采用响应快速、顶值电压较高的励磁调节系统，可 以提高发电机在的大扰动下的稳定性（动态稳定、暂态稳定）；
3.2 Dynamic stability: to improve the generator operating stability when it encounters large interference, this is accomplished by adopting excitation regulating system with quick-acting and ceiling voltage features.
2. 内有单通道或双通道冗余容错型数字式（微机型）励磁调节器 （AER）。
2. It is arranged single channel or dual channel redundancy error tolerance digital (micro computer) AER.
3.提高同步发电机并列运行的静、动态稳定 3. Improves the static and dynamic stability when the synchronous
generator operates in parallel.
3.1静态稳定: 采用灵敏快速的励磁调节系统，可以提高发电机在 小干扰下的稳定性（静态稳定）；
1. 励磁电源装置 1. Excitation power device
如直流励磁机、交流励磁机、励磁变压器、硅二极管整流装置、可 控硅整流装置等。
For example: dc exciter, ac exciter, excitation transformer, SR (Silicon Rectifier), SCR (Silicon Controllable Rectifier) and etc.
定子 —— 定子绕组被旋转的磁场之磁力线切割，在定子绕组中产 生（发出）电流。（磁生电）
Stator— the current is generated when stator winding is cut off by the magnetic line of rotating electric field ( magnetism generates electricity).
2. 自动励磁调节器（AER）控制可控硅整流器输出的励磁电流之 大小。
2. AER is used to control the excitation current output by SCR.
3. 自并激励磁系统没有旋转部分，属静态励磁系统 3. Self-shunt excitation is a static excitation without rotating part (ex
励磁系统的最基本功用 Basic Function of Excitation
产生可以任意控制其大小的直流电流称为“励磁电流”—— 向 发电机转子绕组输送，这就是励磁系统的最基本功用。控制（磁 场强弱）。
It is used to generate dc excitation current that is easy to control arbitrarily, supplying power to generator rotor winding. That is the basic function of excitation (to control magnetic field strength)
5. 发电机转子绕组过电压保护装置（小机组不设） 5. Generator rotor overvoltage protection device (for large capacity
unit)
6. 备用励磁系统 （可不设置） 6. Spare excitation system (option)