阅读理解技巧专题指导导学案

Basic Reading Strategy
一、略读(Skimming): 找出中心思想
略读（skimming）是指抓住文中的重点词汇或段落进行更快阅读，以迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。

略读有很强的选择性，对一些不影响整体理解的细节可略过。

1、在说明文或议论文中快速找出中心思想的方法
（1）、首先读第一段的前两句和最后两句。

* 快速阅读第一段，因为第一段中经常出现本文的重要内容。

* 分析第一段是提示主题还是引言。

（2）读中间段的前两句
* 在第一段提示主题时：中间段会出现说明这个中心的依据。

* 第一段是引言时，主题会在本段中出现。

（3）读最后一段的前两句和最后两句
* 再次提到支持主题的内容，或再次提到主题。

* 议论文时，第一段中，提出论点或说明背景，在最后一段中叙述作者的主张。

（4）通过上述内容，退出全文的要点。

2、在散文或记叙文中快速找出中心思想的方法
（1）快速阅读文章的第一部分，联系内容分析主要事件。

* 扫读主语、谓语、连接词就可以对文章有大概的了解。

（2）仔细阅读最后一段
* 叙述个人经历的散文或叙事文中，通常在最后一段提到教训、主题、启发等。

There’s new taxi business in Dakar, the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of its drivers are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a better job than the men.
Most taxis driven by men are old, hot, and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have had driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This makes riding in their taxis dangerous.
However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more responsibly than the men.
Taxi Sisters shows improvement in the lives of women in Senegal. For a long time, there were many occupations that were reserved for men. Now people are realizing that women can do all kinds of work too.
从下列选项中，找出符合各段中心思想的最佳答案
（1）______ (2) _______ (3) _______ (4) ________
A. A new type of taxi service for an African city.
B. The change in women’s position in the workplace.
C. The poor standard of service given by male taxi drivers.
D. The improvement of taxi services by Taxi Sisters.
* 在读完每一段的首句和末句还是无法了解段落主题时，再看一下含有连词（because, but, since 等）或副词、副词短语（thus, also, in addition to 等）的句子。

生词：capital / sidewalk/ traffic light / vehicle/ responsibly/ reserved/ standard/ hire/ obey/ brand-new/ resident/ occupation/ workplace
二、查读（Scanning）: 找必要信息
查读（Scanning）是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一特定事实或信息，如人物，事件，时间，地点，数字时，而对其他无关紧要的部分则略过不读的快速阅读方法。

1、如何Scanning？
●我们在电话本中查找姓名、用户的方式就是Scanning的典型例子。

如同不需要从头到尾查找
电话本一样，Scanning 时，也不需要精读，只要读取有必要信息的部分就可以。

●Scanning时，心中默记要找的信息，快速阅读全文。

●即使碰到再长的句子，只要scanning，就会缩短阅读量，节约时间。

2、什么时候要scanning？
●在做应用文或考查细节的题时，就会利用到scanning。

●在应用文中寻找特定姓名、地名时，查找大写开头的词语部分。

●在出现关于价格或时间问题时，通过scanning查找$等货币单位或数字部分。

●在出现考查细节的问题时，先看问题，再查找选项的相关内容，会有助于节约时间。

If you travel to the UK on a certain day in March, you might see everyone walking around with big red balls on their noses. Also on this day, schoolchildren wear funny costumes instead of uniforms, people have crazy hairdos, and comedy shows appear on television all night long. It’s called Red Nose Day!
Red Nose Day is a fundraising event run by the charity organization Comic Relief. The organization was created on Christmas Day in 1985, and the first Red Nose Day was held in the UK in 1988. On this day, people all over the country raise money to help those who fight against poverty and suffering.
The main symbol of the event is the wearing of red rubber noses. These can be purchased at many local shops for one pound, and people wear them to increase awareness of the charity. Red Nose Day is enjoyed as a semi-holiday in the UK. Its popularity is growing, and recently other countries like New Zealand have started to copy the idea.
1、从上文中找出下列信息：
(1)庆祝Red Nose Day的月份：_______ . (2) 第一次庆祝Red Nose Day的年份：________
(3)模仿英国庆祝Red Nose Day的其他国家：_______________________.
2、关于Red Nose Day，上文中没有提到的是：_________________________.
A. 人们的穿着。

B.庆祝活动的主办机关名。

C.初次庆祝的地点。

D.庆祝的目的。

E.规定为法定节假日的年份。

生词：
Costume 服装Fund raising 集资Poverty 贫穷purchase 购买recently 最近地hairdo 发式
Charity慈善suffering痛苦awareness意识
三、分解阅读：根据意义单位理解解析
英语句子由多种成分组成。

将这种成分断开阅读，会易于理解长句的结构，提高阅读速度。

看下列关于阅读中作出分段的基本法则，来了解在什么地方进行分段。

（1）在句子前接较长的副词、副词短语、状语从句时，在主语前断开。

* At that time / there were very few cars. 当时/车非常少。

* When we make promises, / we often/ cross our pinkies. 约定时，我们通常/勾小拇指。

（2）主语较长时，在谓语前断开。

* The computers /in that room/ are very new models. 计算机/那个房间里的/是很新的模型。

* The place/ where you visited/ is very famous. 那个地方/你参观过的/非常有名。

（3）句子较长时，在介词，不定式，动名词，分词前面断开。

The vase is/ on the big table. 那个花瓶在/大桌子上。

介词前面
She was the first person/ from USA / to fly into space. 她是第一个人/来自美国/飞入太空，不定式前面Her wish is / having her own room. 她的愿望是/拥有自己的房间。

动名词前面
The girl/ taking pictures / is my classmate. 那个女孩/正照相的/是我的同班同学。

现在分词前面
（4）有从句时，在连词、关系词前面断开
He said/ that he did an experiment. 他说/他做了实验。

连词前。

He was a great boxer/who donated a lot of money. 他是伟大的拳击手/捐了许多钱。

关系词前。

实战演练：
If you care about our planet, you should worry about our wetlands. They are needed to keep the environment healthy, but they are disappearing faster than rain forests. To save these important habitats, the Ramsar Convention was signed in Iran in 1971.
wetlands. These areas include swamps, lakes, and other shallow bodies To be designed as a
area is designed as a Ramsar wetland, it must be conserved.
and protect us from flooding. (*) As the importance of wetlands is growing, many countries are becoming actively involved in the Ramsar Convention and promoting the conservation of wetlands.
训练一：在1-5中分段阅读出现错误的是哪一个？
训练二：在标有(*)的句子上进行分段。

生词学习：
Planet 行星rain forest 热带雨林treaty 条约，协定shallow 浅的，inhabit 栖息
Conserve 保存flooding 泛滥wetland 湿地habitat 栖息地swamp 沼泽designate 选定，任命
Rare 稀少的purify 净化be involved in 卷入
1.But for his help, I ___________________.(fail) 要不是他帮我，我可能失败了。

2.If you had worked hard, you ______________ tired now.(be)
如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会很累。

3.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ____ at the meeting. (discuss)
约翰逊坚持要求在会上讨论那个值得关注的问题。

4.I __________________ through the bitter period without your generous help.(go)
没有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡过那段艰难时期。

5. Had I not drunk alcohol last night, I _______________ my car home.
如果我昨天晚上没有喝酒，我本能自己开车回家的。

(drive)
6.If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he______________ as fluently as she does. (speak) 如果小华是像我姐姐那样在英国长大的，他就能和他姐姐一样说流利的英语。

7.“ My son, why are you so rude？I would rather I __________________ you then.” cried the old lady. (give)“儿子，你为什么如此粗鲁？我宁愿那个时候没有生你。

” 那位老太太哭着说道。

8.He talks a lot about Japan as though __________________ before.(be)
他谈了很多有关日本的事，好像他以前去过那儿。

9.If only I ________________ your advice! Look, what a mess I have made now！(follow)
要是我听从了你的建议就好了！看，我现在弄得一团糟！
10.We've been here 24 hours and I think it's time we______________.(go)
我们已经在这里24个小时了我想我们回家的时间到了。