代词语法整理
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代词语法整理
■代词的定义和特征
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分词和句子的词。
1)Because he had a bad cold,Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. (代词he代替名词Jack)
2)The Browns said they might move to California. (代词they代替名词短语the Browns)
3)Bob always answers his teacher’s questions well; t hat shows that he works very hard at home. (代词that代替前面的分句)
代词之间有两点共同之处:
第一,它们本身的词义都很弱,必须从上下文来确定;
第二,许多代词都有两种功用:一可单独取代名词的位置,二可起修饰语的作用。
■代词的种类
代词可分为八类:
1)人称代词(personal pronoun)
a)主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
b)宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
2)物主代词(possessive pronoun)
a)形容词性物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their
b)名词性物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs
3)反身代词(reflexive pronoun):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself
4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun):each other,one another
5)指示代词(demonstrative pronoun):this,that,these,those,it,such,same
6)疑问代词(interrogative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,what
7)关系代词(relative pronoun):who,whom,whose,which,that,as
8)不定代词(indefinite pronoun):some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,no one,every,everything,everyone,everybody,each,much,many,little,a little,few,a few,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither
一、人称代词
1、人称代词的形式(见下表)
2、人称代词的作用
人称代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
(1)人称代词作主语时用主格
I lost my wallet in the park.
(2)人称代词作宾语时用宾格
I saw you in the street.
(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格
Who is knocking at the door?It’s me.
3、在使用人称代词时有下面几点注意:
(1)we,you两词有时泛指一般人,指大家。
You never know what may happen.
(2)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。
I think Chinese will do what she promised to do.
(3)I在并列的主语中,总放最后。
(4)it有许多用法
(a)代表已提到过的一件事物。
I love swimming. It keeps me fit.
(b)当说话者不知道对方的性别时,可用it来表示。
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?
(c)可用来指带时间、距离、自然现象等。
It is half past three now.
(d)用于固定搭配中。
Take it easy.
walk it步行make it办成take it out of somebody拿某人出气
二、物主代词
1、物主代词的形式
2、物主代词的作用
1)形容词性物主代词只能作定语。
The tall boy is my student.
2)名词性物主代词
(1)作表语
Whose dictionary is this?It’s mine.
(2)作主语
Our room is on the first floor and theirs is on the second.
(3)作宾语
You may use my pen. I’ll use hers.
(4)与of连用作定语
He is a close friend of ours.
三、反身代词
1、反身代词的形式
2、反身代词的作用
(1)作宾语
I can’t express myself in English.
(2)作表语
He is not quite himself these days.