java学习课件英文版第一课
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• Java programs normally undergo five phases
– Edit
• Programmer writes program (and stores program on disk)
– Compile
• Compiler creates bytecodes from program
• Contains commonly used mathematical operations
– Compiler convert to machine language
• Interpreter
– Execute high-level language programs without compilation
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
1.6 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages • Machine language
– “Natural language” of computer component – Machine dependent
– FORmula TRANslator
• COBOL
– COmmon Business Oriented Language
• Pascal
– Structured programming
• Ada
– Multitasking
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers, the Internet, and the Web
Outline 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization Evolution of Operating Systems Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages History of C++ History of Java Java Class Libraries FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal and Ada BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET The Internet and the World Wide Web Basics of a Typical Java Environment
• Visual C++
– Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
• C#
– C-Sharp
• .NET
– .NET platform
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
1.12 The Internet and the World Wide Web
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
1.7
• C++
– Evolved from C
History of C++
• Evolved from BCPL and B
– Provides object-oriented programming capabilities
11
1.9
• Classes
Java Class Libraries
– Include methods that perform tasks
• Return information after task completion
– Used to build Java programs
• Java contains class libraries
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
5
1.3
Computer Organization
• Six logical units of computer system
– Input unit
• Mouse, keyboard
– Output unit
• Internet
– Developed more than four decades ago with DOD funding – Originally for connecting few main computer systems – Now accessible by hundreds of millions of computers
– Known as Java APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
1.10 FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal and Ada
• Fortran
7
• Personal computing
– Computers for personal use
• Distributed computing
– Computing performed among several computers
• Client/server computing
– Servers offer common store of programs and data – Clients access programs and data from server
• Supervises operation of other devices
– Secondary storage unit
• Hard drives, floppy drives
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
1.4
Evolution of Operating Systems
• Develop large-scale enterprise applications • Enhance WWW server functionality • Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
– Load
• Class loader stores bytecodes in memory
– Verify
• Verifier ensures bytecodes do not violate security requirements
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
1.2
• Computer
What Is a Computer?
– Performs computations and makes logical decisions – Millions / billions times faster than human beings
2
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
3
1.1 Introduction
• Java How to Program, Fifth Edition
– Java 2 Standard Edition – Object-oriented programming
1
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers, the Internet, and the Web
1.14 1.15 1.16 General Notes about Java and This Book Thinking About Objects: Introduction to Object Technology and the Unified Modeling Language Discovering Design Patterns: Introduction
8
• Assembly language
– English-like abbreviations represent computer operations – Translator programs convert to machine language
• High-level language
– Allows for writing more “English-like” instructions
• Printer, monitor, audio speakers
– Memory unit
• Retains input and processed information
– Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Performs calculations
– Central processing unit (CPU)
• Batch processing
– One job (task) at a time – Operating systems developed
• Programs to make computers more convenient to use • Switch jobs easier
• Multiprogramming
• World Wide Web (WWW)
– Allows for locating/viewing multimedia-based documents
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
1.13 Basics of a Typical Java Environment
– “Simultaneous” jobs – Timesharing operating systems
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
来自百度文库
1.5
Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing
• Objects
– Reusable software components that model real-world items
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
1.8
• Java
History of Java
– Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices – Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content – Now also used for:
• Computer programs
– Sets of instructions for which computer processes data
• Hardware
– Physical devices of computer system
• Software
– Programs that run on computers
1.11 BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET • BASIC
– Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
13
• Visual Basic .NET
– Framework Class Library (FLC)
– Edit
• Programmer writes program (and stores program on disk)
– Compile
• Compiler creates bytecodes from program
• Contains commonly used mathematical operations
– Compiler convert to machine language
• Interpreter
– Execute high-level language programs without compilation
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
1.6 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages • Machine language
– “Natural language” of computer component – Machine dependent
– FORmula TRANslator
• COBOL
– COmmon Business Oriented Language
• Pascal
– Structured programming
• Ada
– Multitasking
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers, the Internet, and the Web
Outline 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization Evolution of Operating Systems Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages History of C++ History of Java Java Class Libraries FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal and Ada BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET The Internet and the World Wide Web Basics of a Typical Java Environment
• Visual C++
– Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
• C#
– C-Sharp
• .NET
– .NET platform
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
1.12 The Internet and the World Wide Web
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
1.7
• C++
– Evolved from C
History of C++
• Evolved from BCPL and B
– Provides object-oriented programming capabilities
11
1.9
• Classes
Java Class Libraries
– Include methods that perform tasks
• Return information after task completion
– Used to build Java programs
• Java contains class libraries
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
5
1.3
Computer Organization
• Six logical units of computer system
– Input unit
• Mouse, keyboard
– Output unit
• Internet
– Developed more than four decades ago with DOD funding – Originally for connecting few main computer systems – Now accessible by hundreds of millions of computers
– Known as Java APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
1.10 FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal and Ada
• Fortran
7
• Personal computing
– Computers for personal use
• Distributed computing
– Computing performed among several computers
• Client/server computing
– Servers offer common store of programs and data – Clients access programs and data from server
• Supervises operation of other devices
– Secondary storage unit
• Hard drives, floppy drives
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
1.4
Evolution of Operating Systems
• Develop large-scale enterprise applications • Enhance WWW server functionality • Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
– Load
• Class loader stores bytecodes in memory
– Verify
• Verifier ensures bytecodes do not violate security requirements
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
1.2
• Computer
What Is a Computer?
– Performs computations and makes logical decisions – Millions / billions times faster than human beings
2
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
3
1.1 Introduction
• Java How to Program, Fifth Edition
– Java 2 Standard Edition – Object-oriented programming
1
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers, the Internet, and the Web
1.14 1.15 1.16 General Notes about Java and This Book Thinking About Objects: Introduction to Object Technology and the Unified Modeling Language Discovering Design Patterns: Introduction
8
• Assembly language
– English-like abbreviations represent computer operations – Translator programs convert to machine language
• High-level language
– Allows for writing more “English-like” instructions
• Printer, monitor, audio speakers
– Memory unit
• Retains input and processed information
– Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
• Performs calculations
– Central processing unit (CPU)
• Batch processing
– One job (task) at a time – Operating systems developed
• Programs to make computers more convenient to use • Switch jobs easier
• Multiprogramming
• World Wide Web (WWW)
– Allows for locating/viewing multimedia-based documents
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
1.13 Basics of a Typical Java Environment
– “Simultaneous” jobs – Timesharing operating systems
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
来自百度文库
1.5
Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing
• Objects
– Reusable software components that model real-world items
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
1.8
• Java
History of Java
– Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices – Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content – Now also used for:
• Computer programs
– Sets of instructions for which computer processes data
• Hardware
– Physical devices of computer system
• Software
– Programs that run on computers
1.11 BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET • BASIC
– Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
13
• Visual Basic .NET
– Framework Class Library (FLC)