音标教学资料

一、字母

字母顺序表

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

字母的读音

二、语音

音素、音标的概念

（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。（2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。

音标的分类

记录英语音素的48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。

元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。

:] [

כ][ə:] [ə] [u:] [u]

单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a:] [۸] [כ

双元音：[ai] [ei] [iə] [əu] [uə] [au] [εə] [כi]

辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。

清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h]

浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m] [n] [ŋ] [l] [r] [w] [j]

元音：

前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [æ]

:] [

כ][u:] [u]

后元音：[ɑ:] [כ

中元音：[۸] [ə:] [ə]

双元音：[ai] [ei] [iə] [əu] [uə] [au] [εə] [כi]

辅音：

爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

鼻音：[m] [n] [ŋ]

摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [∫] [з] [r] [h]破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]

半元音：[w] [j]

舌边音：[l]

音标书写规范

前元音

[i:]

[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee

e: me be she he we evening

ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green

ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean

根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。

1.seat rain bean cat

2.gift feet teacher dog

3.pig star tree jeep

4.sweet sea fish the

eat [ i:t ] 吃tea [ ti: ]茶peach [ pi:tʃ ]桃he [ hi:]他she [ ʃi: ]她beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉jeep [ dʒi:p ]吉普车key [ ki: ] 钥匙meat [ mi:t ] 肉cheap [ tʃi:p ] 便宜的

[i]

[i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay

i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin

e: begin behind jacket basketball

y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny

lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy

ey: monkey money

ay:Sunday Saturday Friday

根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。

1.sofa sit kick lip

2.ink gift jam ship

3.hand picture big sister

4.hot lick pig jelly

fish [ fiʃ ] 鱼gym [ dʒim ] 健身房kid [ kid ] 小孩fifth [ fifθ ]第五sister [ 'sistə ] 姐妹this [ ðis ] 这个is [ iz]是six [ siks ] 六pig [ pig ]猪slipper [ 'slipə ]拖鞋

[e]

[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea

e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen

ea: bread head breakfast

根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。

1.cat well leg pen

2.sweat map pet elephant

3.egg ten tall desk

4.bread head bed toy

desk [ desk ] 桌子pencil [ 'pensəl ]铅笔pen [ pen ] 钢笔dress [ dres ] 连衣裙red [ red ] 红色的eleven [ i'levən ] 十一bed [ bed ] 床bread [ bred] 面包egg [ eɡ]蛋

yes [ yes ] 是

[æ]

[æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a

a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag

hand rabbit ant black fat has

stand rat map

根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。

1.rat bed face sport

2.hear cup fat pear

3.rice bat finger tree

4.sea young knife apple

bag [ [bæg] ]包fan [ fæn ] 风扇math [ mæθ ]数学jacket [ 'dʒækit ] 夹克衫rabbit [ 'ræbit ] 兔子apple [ 'æpl ]苹果can [ kæn] 可以cabbage ['kæbidʒ] 卷心菜

中元音

[۸]

[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea

e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen

ea: bread head breakfast

根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。

1.cat well leg pen

2.sweat map pet elephant

3.egg ten tall desk

4.bread head bed toy