高考短文改错错误类型和真题集锦经典归纳

短文改错

短文改错有10处，出题特点：1个添加，1个删除，8个修改。常见错误类型：

一、名词

A单复数具体表现：

①名词前有two 及以上的数词，或several、many 等词修饰

②在“one of + 名词”结构中

③用复数形式表示类比，即“一类人或物”

④固定搭配中

⑤把不可数名词用成了可数名词。

【2019全国II卷】Since I was a kid,I ‘v considered different job I would like to do.

jobs

B 所有格

【2018全国II卷】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night..

Friday

二、形容词和副词

A形容词和副词误用。未准确区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法

【2019全国II卷】First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.

cool 【2015全国I卷】

Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

serious

B 混淆以-ing 和以-ed 结尾的形容词的用法

【2019全国I卷】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.

interested

C 形容词比较级和最高级

【2016全国III卷】They were also the best and worse years in my life.

worst

三、动词

A时态和语态

【2019全国III卷】Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.

requires

【2018全国I卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.

found

【2015全国I卷】

seriously problem.

技巧：找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。

B 非谓语（ing 表主动、ed 表被动、to do 表示目的）介词+动词ing

【2019全国I卷】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. saying

【2016全国III卷】I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

wearing

四、连词

A:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误

【2019全国I卷】Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.

and

【2015全国I卷】There the air is clean or the mountains are green.

and

B:定语从句

【2019全国III卷】

In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. that/ which

【2018全国I卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

where

C名词性从句：

At first,I didn’t know that I should do.

what

D 状语从句：

【2019全国I卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. when

五、冠词

A. 缺少冠词、

B . a、an 、the 混用

【2015全国I卷】Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.

in the countryside 【2019全国I卷】Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.

football前添加a

六、逻辑性错误

与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，如称谓上的张冠李戴（常考），人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误。

【2015全国I卷】We must found ways to protect your environment.

find our

七、数词序数词的变化

【2019全国II卷】Then, when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English..... fifth

八固定搭配其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。

短文改错是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力，进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。短文改错解题步骤：通读全文，掌握

大意;整句分析，逐行推敲;反复通读，复查验证。

短文改错解题四原则：改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为原则。