纳撒尼尔·霍桑的人生及作品

• A ---adultery • angel, admirable, able • Prison—the place that deprived people of spiritual freedom, • The symbol of sternness and gravity, of human cruelty. • Forest---the nature • Rose near the prison—Hester and her love • Cap—sth controlling one‘s beauty
4. Abundant use of symbols
• Symbols
• Conventional or ―public‖ symbol: symbols that mean the same thing to most people because they are so much a part of human experience.
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main characters
a. Hester Prynne b. Arthur Dimmesdale
c. Roger Chillingworth
Hester Prynne
• courageous, pretty, compassionate, ready to help, tolerant, charitable, brave, strong-minded, warmhearted, intelligent, sacrificing, decisive • keep dignity; suffer from shame, torture and agony; intellectual growth, • strength of will, seek for true love;
Puritan Life
• Very strict: simple worship • Pure churches: no statues, tinted windows, or music • Long hours in prayer • Faith and knowledge of Bible more important than good works • Clergy consists of men of equal rank: no women • Deep belief in predestination- only the elect would go to heaven.
• 3. Theme
• It is a hymn on moral growth and an attack of the stern code of Puritanism. (P76) • To escape the bondage of religion either on people‘s spirit or on people‘s natural desire the moral, emotional, and psychological effect of the sin on the people
Collections of Short Stories
• Twice-Told Tales (1837) • 《故事重述》 • Which includes The Minister‘s Black Veil
• Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) • 《古屋青苔》 • Which included Young Goodman Brown • The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales (1851) • 《雪人及其它故事重述》
• Idealistic: the people chosen by the God • Practical: worked very hard for profits and material success • Self-disciplined, sobriety, hard work, thrift, piety without any eartyly joy and extravagancy.
• Rose/journey/rivers/apple/fruit/snake/pea cock • journey=quest • rivers=time and eternity • apple/fruit=temptation • snake=evil • peacock=pride
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• He graduated form Bowdoin College in 1842 in the same class with Longfellow and Franklin Pierce (the 14 th U.S President). • After graduation, he returned to Salem to live in his mother‘s house and to pursue his literary career. • His life experience had great influence on his character, as well as on his writing career.
Roger Chillingworth
• cold-blooded, chilling,, dehumanized • psychologically perverse, • cruel, ugly, old, deformed, mean, • always want to revenge, • an image of science man.
Arthur Dimmesdale
timid, selfish, irresponsible, coward, weak-minded physically and psychologically feeble, weak, sensitive, has a strong sense of guilt, a scholar like young man;
《利己主义》
《美的艺术家》
《雪影》
Appreciation of The Scarlet Letter
• 1. Main Character • Hester Prynne • Roger Chillingworth • Arthur Dimmesdale • Pearl • 2. Main Idea
Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804—1864)
Hawthorne
18041864
• the great romantic novelist in the nineteenth century • and the pioneer of psychological analyst in the history of American literature.
a river (the passage of time), overcast sky (gloom, depression, despair), lamb (innocence, vulnerability), violent storm (wrath, inconsolable grief), flowers (delicacy, perishability, beauty) mountain (obstacle, challenge), eagle (majesty, freedom) the color white (purity, innocence), the color red (anger, passion, war, blood),
• He once wrote to his friend Henry Longfellow, • "I have locked myself in a dungeon and I can't find the key to get out.‖ • He always had bitter feeling about his family guilt. • And gradually he became very unsociable and tended to throw himself into deep thought. • Tortured by the family guilt, Hawthorne took a dark view of human nature. • He once said: ―What other dungeon is so dark as one's own heart! What jailer so inexorable as one's self!‖
Life experience
Born to a family with a long Puritan tradition in Salem, Massachusetts. His ancestors were notorious for the persecution of the Quakers and for the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692. a dark shadow on his heart When he was 4, his father, a sea captain, died. He was brought up by his uncle.
的五月柱》 与红十字》
6 The Maypole of Merry Mount 《欢乐山
7 Endicott and the Red Cross 《恩地科特
8 Howe’s Masquerade
《豪的面具》 的实验》
9 Dr. Hidegger’s Experiment
《海德格医生
10 The Bosom Serpent or《胸中的蛇》 11 The Artist of the Beautiful 12 The Snow Image
Short Stories
1 2 Earthy Holocaust 《大地的燔祭》 Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子
布朗》
3 The Minster‘s Black Veil
面纱》
《教长的黑
4accini’s Daughter
《拉普齐尼医生的女儿》
Novels
• The Scarlet Letter (1850) 《红 字》 • -----a treatment of the effects of sin on the human spirit. • The House of Seven Gables (1851) • 《有七个尖角阁的房子》 • The Blithedale Romance (1852) • 《福谷传奇》 • The Marble Faun (1860)
American Puritanism
• The beliefs and practices of those Puritans who were a group of highly religious and serious people. • They followed many of the ideas of the Swiss reformer John Calvin and accepted the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination, original sin. • Predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement (or the salvation of a selected few) from God‘s mercy.