基于运输费用最小的逆向物流网络设计与优化研究

基于运输费用最小的逆向物流网络设计与优

化研究

大学硕士学位论文

学生：王朋飞

指导教师：周明

专业：产业经济学

学科门类：经济学

大学经济与工商管理学院

二O一二年四月

Reverse Logistics Network Design and

Optimization

A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Degree of Master of Profession

By

Wang Pengfei

Supervised by Zhou Ming

Specialty: Industrial Economics

College of Economics and Business Administration of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

April,2012

摘要

人民的生活水平随着科技的发展不断的提高，人们对于消费品的需求量和种类也不断增加，造成了越来越多的物品遭到了淘汰变成了废弃物品。而且企业之间的竞争不断加强，企业为了争取到更多的顾客，就要满足客户的各种服务和合法权益，导致了退货品的数量和种类也逐渐增加，这些淘汰的或者是废弃的产品导致了严重的环境污染和资源的浪费。现今，人们对于环境保护的意识不断增加，逐渐完善了环境相关的立法，这些废弃的物品逐渐的被政府和企业重视起来。很多国家要求企业负责产品所有的生命周期，特别的废旧物品回收阶段。很多企业为了提高自身的竞争力，也主动展开对退货物品及时有效的处理。基于这些，一门新兴的学科逐渐兴起——逆向物流，并且逐渐被企业和学术界所重视，目前，如何建立逆向物流体系，已经成为企业面临的重要任务。

根据以上情况，参考国外学者在逆向物流理论和实际操作的研究后，本文主要针对逆向物流体系组成中的网络规划过程做研究分析。本文以企业为基础，使用定量复习和定性分析相互结合的方法，针对企业中对于逆向物流的实施过程展开了分析，建立了网络模型，展开研究。

在本论文里，先阐述了逆向物流的有关概念，以及具体的运作步骤，然后分析了逆向物流的一般网络，并针对不同的逆向物流网络的组织特点进行了归纳总结。按照正向和逆向物流系统之间的关系，建立一个拆分整合后的逆向物流网络模型和退货逆向物流网络模型，并且要通过实例对每个模型进行分析。

本论文有以下两个创新点：

一是研究了逆向物流网络的组成特点和共同点；二是本论文没有像其他研究中回收量有确定性，本论文的回收量没有确定性，在这种情况下，综合拆卸后的原材料的利用、零部件的利用以及直接再利用的三种途径进行考虑；三是，由于现阶段对于退货逆向物流的研究很少，对其网络构成的研究更加少，本论文较早的建立了整合的退货逆向物流网络模型；最后本论文不但研究了一般网络模型中所考虑的地址选择的问题，还针对整体网络结构中的每个具体环节的配送途径和数量都做出了合理的规划。

关键词：逆向物流，运输费用最小，网络优化

ABSTRACT

The living standards of the people with the development of science and technology continue to improve, the demand for consumer goods quantity and species also increases ceaselessly, caused more and more articles were knocked out into the waste items. And the competition among enterprises has been continuously strengthened, enterprises in order to win more customers, to meet a variety of customer service and the legitimate rights and interests, led to the return goods number and variety also increased gradually, the elimination or waste products caused serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. Nowadays, the people for environmental protection consciousness increase ceaselessly, and gradually improve the environment legislation, these obsolete gradually by the government and the enterprises pay attention to. Many countries require companies responsible for all stages of the life cycle, especially of waste materials recovery stage. A lot of enterprises to improve their competitiveness, but also initiate the return of goods timely and effective treatment. Based on these, a new discipline -- reverse logistics gradually rise, and gradually by enterprises and academic circles pay attention to, at present, how to create a reverse logistics system has become the important task.

According to the above, refer to the domestic and foreign scholars in the reverse logistics management theory and practical research, this article mainly aims at the reverse logistics system consists of network planning in the process of doing research and analysis. This article take the enterprise as the basis, using a quantitative review of the literature and qualitative analysis combined method, for the enterprise for implementing the reverse logistics to spread out an analysis, building a network model, research.

In this paper, first expounded the concept of reverse logistics, and specific operation steps, and then analyzes the reverse logistics network, and according to the different characteristics of reverse logistics network organization is summarized. In accordance with the forward and reverse