(完整版)2018中考英语形容词和副词用法总结
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形容词和副词用法总结及练习
一、形容词:
(一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常分成两类:
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。
例如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, awake, ashamed, alike。
其他常见表语形容词:worth, ready, sorry, well
(二)形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:
(限定词)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。如:
There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
2)【重点】当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
The boy interested in music is my brother. Do you have anything interesting to tell us?
二、副词:
(一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如:not(不),here(这里),now(现在)。
不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如:
Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语)
He will arrive before ten o’clock. (介词,before ten o’clock 是介词短语,作时间状语)
(二)副词的种类
1、时间副词:
1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了!
2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前: She often changes her mind.
3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词:
1)表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3、【重点】方式副词
1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.
2)表示情绪的副词:She smiled gratefully.
3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly.
4、【重点】程度副词和强调副词
1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗?
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确
干得很快
2
b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. Their house is much nicer than ours.
5. 【重点】疑问副词和连接副词
1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)
6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go inside. Take two steps forward.
(三)副词的位置
1. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首)
I often get up at six. (句中) Please speak slowly.
2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如:
These flowers are quite beautiful. (在形容词前)这些花相当漂亮。
(在副词前)他工作很努力。
▲ She is old enough to go to school. (在形容词后)她已到了上学的年龄。
3.
We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
常见形容词用法比较
1.elder 和older
①elder为"年长的",只指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,它只能用在名词前作定语,不
能用于than引导的比较状语从句中。如:Jordan has two elder brothers and an elder and a younger sister.
②older为"年龄较大的,较老的,较旧的",可指人,也可指物,作定语或表语,能用在than引导的比较状语
从句中。My elder brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.
2. good 和well
good和well都表示"好"。通常,作定语或表语时用good,作状语时用well;表示"身体好的"用well.
Doing sports is good for us. 做运动对我们有益。(作表语)
Sandy dances well and she is a good dancer. 桑迪舞跳得好,她是个出色的舞者。(well作状语,good作定语) ---How are you? ---I am very well. (作表语,表示"身体好的")
3. huge, big, large,和great
1) huge强调尺寸、体积"庞大"(指体积时,比large, great所指的体积大),容量和数量"巨大",不强调重量。
About ten years ago scientists from the United States found that the large object caused a huge hole in Mexico. 2) big最通俗、常用,强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大,修饰人、物或数量。反义词是little或small
My best friend is Xiao Li, but last week in school we had a big fight.
3) large强调远远超过标准的"大",可指数量、容量、体积和面积,比big正式,反义词是small.
So it is proved that the large object had a close relation with the death of dinosaurs and other animals.
4) great通常指抽象的事物。可表数量、距离和程度,修饰人时,意为"伟大的"。
This is a great chance that many people do not have.
形容词与介词的搭配
在英语中,有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词,构成固定的搭配。
1. 与about构成的搭配
Be anxious about be sorry about be careful about be sure/ certain about be worried about
2. 与at构成的搭配
Be expert at be surprised at be angry at be good at be clever at
3. 与for构成的搭配
Be famous/ well-known for be ready for be sorry for be fit/ unfit for be good/ bad for
4.与in构成的搭配
Be interested in be weak in be poor in be different in be experienced in
5.与of构成的搭配
Be afraid of be fond of be proud of be tired of be full of be short of ……be ashamed of 6.与to构成的搭配
Be good/ bad to be kind to be nice to be rude to be useful to be polite to
7. 与with构成的搭配
Be angry with be careful with be busy with be satisfied with be pleased with
be happy with be patient with be strict with
特别提示
1. 有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义差别不大
Be experienced at/ in具有……方面的经验be sure/ certain of/ about对……有把握
2.有些形容词后跟不同的介词意义不同
Be good at 在……方面擅长be good to对……友好be good for 对……有帮助
形容词的常用句型
1. It's +形容词+ of+ sb. +动词不定式"某人(做某事)……", 说明"人"的性质或特征。
常用形容词有:good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等
It's very kind of you to help me. It's foolish of you to make such mistake.