模块综合检测1
七年级英语外研版下册模块综合检测题(Module1_People_and_places)附答案
[网络构建]本模块话题是“世界不同地方人们的生活”。
内容涉及世界各地的人在同一时间正在进行的活动及如何写明信片等内容。
通过听、说、读、写的语言实践活动,加深对世界各地风土人情方面的了解,鼓励学生了解世界,加强交流,促进世界和平。
/m/, /n/, //;典例分析例1用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She__________(drive) a car now.2. Look! They__________(take) photos.3. Listen! The children__________(sing).4. —What are you doing? —I__________(wait) for you.5. It’s ten o’cloc k. We__________(wash) the clothes.思维分析:本题考查现在进行时的谓语动词的构成。
首先看其特征标志词,谓语动词一定是be+v.-ing。
答案:1. is driving 2. are taking 3. are singing 4. am waiting 5. are washing例2按照要求进行句型转换。
1. She is doing her homework.(改为否定句)She __________ __________ her homework.2. They are looking at the blackboard.(改为一般疑问句)__________ __________ __________at the blackboard?3. Tom is playing basketball.(对画线部分提问)What __________ __________ __________?思维分析:现在进行时的谓语动词的构成是:助动词be+v.-ing,在变为否定或疑问句时,be后加not变为否定句,把be提前变为一般疑问句。
2024_2025学年高中英语模块综合检测一同步检测含解析北师大版必修1
模块综合检测(一)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ATeenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.A study, which involved nearly 1,400 high school students found those who watched TV for five hours or more every day had less healthy diets than other students five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures?On the one hand, people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers, may snack (吃零食) more, and that may influence their longterm diet quality.On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks make teenagers eat more of those foods. TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.The researchers found a clear relationship between TV time during high school and diet quality of the young. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food, those who'd watched fewer than two hours every day had the most fruits and vegetables.As far as I am concerned, children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physically active and curbing their own TV time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
2021-2022学年人教版高中数学选修2-3教材用书:模块综合检测(一) Word版含答案
模块综合检测(一)(时间120分钟,满分150分)一、选择题(共12小题,每小题5分,共60分) 1.方程C x 14=C 2x -414的解集为( )A .{4}B .{14}C .{4,6}D .{14,2}解析:选C 由C x 14=C 2x -414得x =2x -4或x +2x -4=14,解得x =4或x =6.经检验知x =4或x =6符合题意.2.设X 是一个离散型随机变量,则下列不能成为X 的概率分布列的一组数据是( ) A .0,12,0,0,12 B .0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4C .p,1-p (0≤p ≤1) D.11×2,12×3,…,17×8解析:选D 利用分布列的性质推断,任一离散型随机变量X 的分布列都具有下述两共性质:①p i ≥0,i =1,2,3,…,n ;②p 1+p 2+p 3+…+p n =1.选C 如图,由正态曲线的对称性可得P (a ≤X <4-a )=1-2P (X <a )=0.36. 3.已知随机变量X ~N (2,σ2),若P (X <a )=0.32,则P (a ≤X <4-a )等于( ) A .0.32 B .0.68 C .0.36 D .0.64解析:选C 如图,由正态曲线的对称性可得P (a ≤X <4-a )=1-2P (X <a )=0.36.4.已知x ,y 取值如下表:x 0 1 4 5 6 8 y1.31.85.66.17.49.3从所得的散点图分析可知:y 与x 线性相关,且y ^=0.95x +a ,则a 等于( ) A .1.30 B .1.45 C .1.65 D .1.80解析:选B 依题意得,x -=16×(0+1+4+5+6+8)=4,y -=16×(1.3+1.8+5.6+6.1+7.4+9.3)=5.25.又直线y ^=0.95x +a 必过样本中心点(x -,y -), 即点(4,5.25),于是有5.25=0.95×4+a , 由此解得a =1.45.5.甲、乙两人独立地对同一目标各射击一次,其命中率分别为0.6,0.5,现已知目标被击中,则它是被甲击中的概率是( )A .0.45B .0.6C .0.65D .0.75 解析:选D 目标被击中P 1=1-0.4×0.5=0.8, ∴P =0.60.8=0.75. 6.从6名男生和2名女生中选出3名志愿者,其中至少有1名女生的选法有( ) A .36种 B .30种 C .42种 D .60种解析:选A 直接法:选出3名志愿者中含有1名女生和2名男生或2名女生和1名男生,故共有C 12C 26+C 22C 16=2×15+6=36种选法;间接法:从8名同学中选出3名,减去全部是男生的状况,故共有C 38-C 36=56-20=36种选法.7.⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +2x 2n 的开放式中只有第6项二项式系数最大,则开放式中的常数项是( )A .180B .90C .45D .360 解析:选A 由已知得,n =10,T r +1=C r10(x )10-r⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x 2r =2r ·C r 10x 5-52r ,令5-52r =0,得r =2,T 3=4C 210=180.8.(四川高考)六个人从左至右排成一行,最左端只能排甲或乙,最右端不能排甲,则不同的排法共有( )A .192种B .216种C .240种D .288种解析:选B 当最左端排甲时,不同的排法共有A 55种;当最左端排乙时,甲只能排在中间四个位置之一,则不同的排法共有C 14A 44种.故不同的排法共有A 55+C 14A 44=9×24=216种.9.箱子里有5个黑球和4个白球,每次随机取出一个球.若取出黑球,则放回箱中,重新取球,若取出白球,则停止取球.那么在第4次取球之后停止的概率为( )A.C 35C 14C 45 B .⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫593×49C.35×14D .C 14⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫593×49解析:选B 记“从箱子里取出一球是黑球”为大事A ,“从箱子里取出一个球是白球”为大事B ,则P (A )=59,P (B )=49,在第4次取球后停止,说明前3次取到的都是黑球,第4次取到的是白球,又每次取球是相互独立的,由独立大事同时发生的概率公式,在第4次取球后停止的概率为59×59×59×49=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫593×49.10.下列说法:①将一组数据中的每个数据都加上或减去同一个常数后,方差恒不变; ②设有一个回归方程y ^=3-5x ,变量x 增加一个单位时,y 平均增加5个单位;③线性回归直线y ^=b ^x +a ^必过(x -,y -); ④曲线上的点与该点的坐标之间具有相关关系;⑤在一个2×2列联表中,由计算得k =13.079.则其两个变量间有关系的可能性是90%. 其中错误的个数是( ) A .1 B .2 C .3D .4解析:选C 由方差的定义知①正确,由线性回归直线的特点知③正确,②④⑤都错误. 11.对两个变量y 和x 进行线性相关检验,已知n 是观看值组数,r 是相关系数,且已知: ①n =10,r =0.953 3;②n =15,r =0.301 2;③n =17,r =0.999 1;④n =3,r =0.995 0. 则变量y 和x 具有线性相关关系的是( ) A .①和② B .①和③ C .②和④D .③和④解析:选B 相关系数r 的确定值越接近1,变量x ,y 的线性相关性越强.②中的r 太小,④中观看值组数太小.12.某市政府调查市民收入与旅游欲望时,接受独立性检验法抽取3 000人,计算发觉k =6.023,则依据这一数据查阅下表,市政府断言市民收入增减与旅游欲望有关系的把握是( )P (K 2≥k )… 0.25 0.15 0.10 0.025 0.010 0.005 … k…1.3232.0722.7065.0246.6357.879…A.90% B .95% C .97.5%D .99.5%解析:选C ∵k =6.023>5.024,∴可断言市民收入增减与旅游欲望有关的把握为97.5%. 二、填空题(共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.有5名男生和3名女生,从中选出5人分别担当语文、数学、英语、物理、化学学科的科代表,若某女生必需担当语文科代表,则不同的选法共有________种.(用数字作答)解析:由题意知,从剩余7人中选出4人担当4个学科的科代表,共有A 47=840(种)选法. 答案:84014.某射手对目标进行射击,直到第一次命中为止,每次射击的命中率为0.6,现共有子弹4颗,命中后剩余子弹数目的均值是________.解析:设ξ为命中后剩余子弹数目,则P (ξ=3)=0.6,P (ξ=2)=0.4×0.6=0.24,P (ξ=1)=0.4×0.4×0.6=0.096,P (ξ=0)=0.4×0.4×0.4=0.064,E (ξ)=3×0.6+2×0.24+0.096=2.376.答案:2.37615.抽样调查表明,某校高三同学成果(总分750分)X 近似听从正态分布,平均成果为500分.已知P (400<X <450)=0.3,则P (550<X <600)=________.解析:由下图可以看出P (550<X <600)=P (400<X <450)=0.3.答案:0.316.某高校“统计初步”课程的老师随机调查了选该课的一些同学状况,具体数据如下表:专业性别非统计专业统计专业 男 13 10 女720为了推断主修统计专业是否与性别有关系,依据表中的数据,计算得到K 2=________(保留三位小数),所以判定________(填“能”或“不能”)在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为主修统计专业与性别有关系.解析:依据供应的表格得 K 2=50×13×20-7×10223×27×20×30≈4.844>3.841.所以可以在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为主修统计专业与性别有关系. 答案:4.844 能三、解答题(共6小题,共70分,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(本小题满分10分)若⎝⎛⎭⎪⎪⎫6x +16x n开放式中第2,3,4项的二项式系数成等差数列.(1)求n 的值.(2)此开放式中是否有常数项?为什么?解:(1)T k +1=C k n·⎝⎛⎭⎫6x n -k·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎪⎫16x k =C kn ·x n -2k 6,由题意可知C 1n +C 3n =2C 2n ,即n 2-9n +14=0, 解得n =2(舍)或n =7.∴n =7. (2)由(1)知T k +1=C k7·x 7-2k6. 当7-2k 6=0时,k =72,由于k ∉N *, 所以此开放式中无常数项.18.(本小题满分12分)某篮球队与其他6支篮球队依次进行6场竞赛,每场均决出胜败,设这支篮球队与其他篮球队竞赛胜场的大事是独立的,并且胜场的概率是13.(1)求这支篮球队首次胜场前已经负了2场的概率; (2)求这支篮球队在6场竞赛中恰好胜了3场的概率; (3)求这支篮球队在6场竞赛中胜场数的均值和方差.解:(1)这支篮球队首次胜场前已负2场的概率为P =⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-132×13=427.(2)这支篮球队在6场竞赛中恰好胜3场的概率为P =C 36×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫133×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-133=20×127×827=160729.(3)由于X 听从二项分布,即X ~B ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫6,13,∴E (X )=6×13=2,D (X )=6×13×⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1-13=43.故在6场竞赛中这支篮球队胜场的均值为2,方差为43.19.(本小题满分12分)某商场经销某商品,依据以往资料统计,顾客接受的付款期数X 的分布列为商场经销一件该商品,接受250元;分4期或5期付款,其利润为300元.Y 表示经销一件该商品的利润.(1)求大事:“购买该商品的3位顾客中,至少有1位接受1期付款”的概率P (A ); (2)求Y 的分布列及E (Y ).解:(1)由A 表示大事“购买该商品的3位顾客中至少有1位接受1期付款”知,A 表示大事“购买该商品的3位顾客中无人接受1期付款”.P (A )=(1-0.4)3=0.216, P (A )=1-P (A )=1-0.216=0.784.(2)Y 的可能取值为200元,250元,300元.P (Y =200)=P (X =1)=0.4,P (Y =250)=P (X =2)+P (X =3)=0.2+0.2=0.4,P (Y =300)=1-P (Y =200)-P (Y =250)=1-0.4-0.4=0.2, Y 的分布列为E (Y )20.(本小题满分12分)为迎接2022年北京冬奥会,推广滑雪运动,某滑雪场开展滑雪促销活动.该滑雪场的收费标准是:滑雪时间不超过1小时免费,超过1小时的部分每小时收费标准为40元(不足1小时的部分按1小时计算).有甲、乙两人相互独立地来该滑雪场运动,设甲、乙不超过1小时离开的概率分别为14,16;1小时以上且不超过2小时离开的概率分别为12,23;两人滑雪时间都不会超过3小时. (1)求甲、乙两人所付滑雪费用相同的概率;(2)设甲、乙两人所付的滑雪费用之和为随机变量ξ,求ξ的分布列与数学期望E (ξ). 解:(1)若两人所付费用相同,则相同的费用可能为0元,40元,80元, 两人都付0元的概率为P 1=14×16=124,两人都付40元的概率为P 2=12×23=13,两人都付80元的概率为P 3=⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-14-12×1-16-23=14×16=124,则两人所付费用相同的概率为P =P 1+P 2+P 3=124+13+124=512. (2)由题意得,ξ全部可能的取值为0,40,80,120,160.P (ξ=0)=14×16=124, P (ξ=40)=14×23+12×16=14, P (ξ=80)=14×16+12×23+14×16=512, P (ξ=120)=12×16+14×23=14, P (ξ=160)=14×16=124, ξ的分布列为E (ξ)=0×124+40×14+80×12+120×4+160×24=80.21.(本小题满分12分)甲、乙两厂生产同一产品,为了解甲、乙两厂的产品质量,以确定这一产品最终的供货商,接受分层抽样的方法从甲、乙两厂生产的产品中分别抽取14件和5件,测量产品中的微量元素x ,y 的含量(单位:毫克).下表是乙厂的5件产品的测量数据:编号1 2 3 4 5 x 169 178 166 175 180 y7580777081(1)已知甲厂生产的产品共有98件,求乙厂生产的产品数量.(2)当产品中的微量元素x ,y 满足x ≥175,且y ≥75,该产品为优等品.用上述样本数据估量乙厂生产的优等品的数量.(3)从乙厂抽出的上述5件产品中,随机抽取2件,求抽取的2件产品中优等品数ξ的分布列及其均值. 解:(1)乙厂生产的产品总数为5÷1498=35. (2)样品中优等品的频率为25,乙厂生产的优等品的数量为35×25=14.(3)ξ=0,1,2,P (ξ=i )=C i 2C 2-i3C 25(i =0,1,2),ξ的分布列为ξ 0 1 2 P31035110均值E (ξ)=1×35+2×110=45.22.(本小题满分12分)某煤矿发生透水事故时,作业区有若干人员被困.救援队从入口进入之后有L 1,L 2两条巷道通往作业区(如下图),L 1巷道有A 1,A 2,A 3三个易堵塞点,各点被堵塞的概率都是12;L 2巷道有B 1,B 2两个易堵塞点,被堵塞的概率分别为34,35.(1)求L 1巷道中,三个易堵塞点最多有一个被堵塞的概率;(2)若L 2巷道中堵塞点个数为X ,求X 的分布列及均值E (X ),并依据“平均堵塞点少的巷道是较好的抢险路线”的标准,请你挂念救援队选择一条抢险路线,并说明理由.解:(1)设“L 1巷道中,三个易堵塞点最多有一个被堵塞”为大事A ,则P (A )=C 03×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫123+C 13×12×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫122=12.(2)依题意,X 的可能取值为0,1,2,P (X =0)=⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1-34×⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1-35=110, P (X =1)=34×⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1-35+⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫1-34×35=920,P (X =2)=34×35=920,所以随机变量X 的分布列为X 0 1 2 P110920920E (X )=0×110+1×920+2×920=2720.法一:设L 1巷道中堵塞点个数为Y ,则Y 的可能取值为0,1,2,3,P (Y =0)=C 03×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫123=18,P (Y =1)=C 13×12×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫122=38,P (Y =2)=C 23×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫122×12=38, P (Y =3)=C 33×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫123=18, 所以,随机变量Y 的分布列为Y0 1 2 3 P18383818E (Y )=0×18+1×38+2×38+3×18=2,由于E (X )<E (Y ),所以选择L 2巷道为抢险路线为好.法二:设L 1巷道中堵塞点个数为Y ,则随机变量Y ~B ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3,12, 所以,E (Y )=3×12=32,由于E (X )<E (Y ),所以选择L 2巷道为抢险路线为好.。
2023版新教材高中生物模块综合检测卷新人教版选择性必修1
模块综合检测卷第Ⅰ卷(选择题)一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共50分)1.如图为人体体液之间的物质交换示意图,下列叙述错误的是()A.图中A、C、D参与人体内环境的组成B.解旋酶可以存在于B内C.乙酰胆碱和激素可存在于C中D.D可以运输养料、二氧化碳、尿素和糖原等物质2.研究人员对某运动员训练过程中的血糖、体温、酸碱度等指标进行了测量。
下列叙述错误的是()A.血浆pH的稳定与HCO-3、HPO2-4等离子有关B.三项生理指标的调控不都与下丘脑直接相关C.训练开始后,运动员散热量会有所增加D.三项生理指标都在一定范围内恒定不变3.选体重相近、发育正常的四只雄性小狗,甲狗不做任何处理,乙、丙、丁分别做不同手术处理。
几个月后,测得四只狗血液中的三种激素的含量(μg/mL)如下表。
据表分析乙、A.甲状腺、垂体、睾丸 B.甲状腺、睾丸、垂体C.垂体、甲状腺、睾丸 D.睾丸、甲状腺、垂体4.人体细胞与外界环境进行物质交换需要“媒介”,下列关于该“媒介”的化学成分、理化性质及其稳态的调节机制的叙述,正确的是()A.麦芽糖属于小分子物质,可存在于该“媒介”中B.该“媒介”的稳态指的是理化性质的动态平衡C.调节该“媒介”稳态的系统是神经系统和免疫系统D.该“媒介”pH的稳定与HCO-3和HPO2-4等离子有关5.日常生活中,很多因素会引起内环境发生变化,下列相关叙述正确的是()A.剧烈运动中,产生过多的乳酸,内环境的pH明显下降B.过敏反应,会导致血浆蛋白含量下降进而引起组织水肿C.侏儒症是由于孕妇缺碘,引起胎儿发育过程中内环境稳态失衡的结果D.中暑是由于体内热量集聚过多,说明人体内环境稳态的调节有一定限度6.胰岛素与细胞膜上相应受体结合后可以促进细胞对葡萄糖的吸收。
下列情况可以导致血糖浓度降低的是()A.健康人早餐食用馒头、面包和米粥等食物后B.胰岛A细胞分泌增强,胰高血糖素水平上升C.体内胰岛素水平正常,胰岛素受体活性降低D.胰岛B细胞分泌增强,胰岛素受体活性正常7.西瓜膨大剂是人工合成的一种化合物,作用效果持久,应用广泛。
北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册模块综合检测1
模块综合检测(一)第一部分阅读第一节ACalling all book lovers! Support your reading habit without paying a cent or even taking a trip to the library.The Library of CongressIf you're looking for classics online,the Library of Congress has got you covered.With more than 60 classic books available,this is the perfect website if you have a specific classic you're looking to read.It also includes children's classics like Alice in Wonderland and Cinderella.Project GutenbergFounded in 1971,Project Gutenberg is the oldest eBook collection online.While the website asks for donations (捐赠),no fees are required for reading the free online books they offer.There are more than 56,000 eBooks to choose from,and they are Kindle-compatible and easy to download.BookBubIf you're a book lover who's always looking for something new to read,BookBub is a site you need in your life.To access this site and its thousands of available eBooks you need to create an account (账户),but it's totally free.Once you've created an account,the site asks you to pick your favorite genres so that it can provide the best reading recommendations (推荐).If you want to learn more about BookBub,click here.BookRixBookRix allows readers to download free ebooks onto their iPads,tablets,eReaders,and smartphones.The site offers books from self-published authors as well as books that are part of the public domain.The homepage group books into different types including fiction,fantasy,romance,thrillers,so you can easily find a new book to read.1.Which should one choose if they want to read classical fairy tale books?A.The Library of Congress.B.Project Gutenberg.C.BookBub.D.BookRix.2.What makes BookBub different from the other three?A.All the ebooks are totally free.B.Some of the ebooks are classics.C.It recommends books for readers.D.Thousands of ebooks are available.3.Where does this text most probably come from?A.A newspaper.B.The Internet.C.A magazine.D.A notice board.BEmma Watson entered our lives as the perfect Hermione Granger in 2001,and nowadays,we're just as much in love with this charming,intelligent British girl,as ever.You may or may not be a Potter head,but a lot of people are charmed by Emma Watson's perfection.Despite being a star performer at the young age of 11,she's never gone the Hollywood-spoiled-child route.In fact,she made all attempts to stay as normal as possible.She said ,“Ignoring fame was my rebellion,in a funny way.I was insistent on being normal and doing normal things.It probably wasn't advisable to go to college in America and room with a complete stranger.And it probably wasn't wise to share a bathroom with eight other people in a dormitory.Looking back,I think that was crazy.”She added,“I was very well-educated.My dad paid for me to go to a very good school,so I worked hard every single day at that school to make him proud of me.And I did,and I still do.”If we had to imagine what Hermione Granger would have grown up to be like,we would say she'd be the Emma Watson of the Potter universe because there really is noway to separate the two.In the last few years,Emma has added more feathers to her cap than we imagined being humanly possible,which include actor,scholar,model and UN Women Goodwill Ambassador.In her role as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador,she'd supported powerful causes to the best of her ability and brought them all the attention they deserve.Emma Watson gave us the most accurate description of our favorite girl from the Potter universe.“Young girls are told you have to be a delicate princess.Hermione taught them that you can be a warrior.”4.After Emma Watson became an actress,she________.A.followed the Hollywood child routeB.had a preference for a normal lifeC.became rebellious in a funny wayD.went to a good college instead5.What does the author mean by saying “Emma has added more feathers to her cap”in paragraph 4?A.Emma has earned more titles.B.Emma wears a cap with feathers.C.Emma is expert at designing caps.D.Emma has been more absorbed in her job.6.What can be the best title for the text?A.Emma Watson:You Can Be the Best ActressB.Emma Watson:You Can Be a WarriorC.The Way to Be a Delicate PrincessD.The Way to Be a Good Performer7.What's the author's attitude to Emma Watson?A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Cautious.D.Appreciative.CInstead of going on a trip or buying herself new clothes:Xiao Tong from Wuhan,Hubei Province,chose to celebrate her senior high school graduation in a differentway.She went to a beauty clinic to have plastic surgery on her nose.“I want to make a good impression and start my university life with a brand-new look,”the 18-year-old told Changjiang Daily.Like Xiao Tong,many young Chinese are anxious about their looks,and more and more subject themselves to plastic surgery.Young people do it for different reasons,and improving self-confidence is one of them.Wang Fang,18,from Beijing,felt that her eyes were too small.In 2019,after she got in university,Wang had a minor operation done on her eyelids.“Before I had the surgery,I had a negative view of myself.Therefore,I had no confidence,”Wang told Beijing Youth Daily.But Jiang Wenxiu of the Department of Psychiatry,Zhongda Hospital,Southeast University in Jiangsu,advised that people should think twice before going under the knife.“Medical beauty apps only show how great plastic surgery can be,”Jiang told China Daily.“They leave out all the negative things.”Today beauty clinics are well aware that these young students are mostly short of money,so they use summer discounts,installment plans and other ways to attract their attention.Xiao Zhen,17,from Chengdu,Sichuan Province,is one of the victims.She took out a loan(贷款) of about 20,000 yuan to get plastic surgery.But the large sum of money became a big burden.She had to drop out of school and go to work to pay off the loan.Besides the financial burden,potential health risks of plastic surgery also need to be considered.“If you have big problems with your look,you should wait until you are a full adult,and then decide if you want to do something about it,”Jiang said.“Then,with a stable(稳定的)mind,you can consider inner and outer beauty,and whether plastic surgery is for you.”8.Why does the author mention Xiao Tong in the first paragraph?A.To explain what plastic surgery is.B.To praise her bravery to live a different life.C.To show the popularity of plastic surgery.D.To introduce a new way to start university.9.What does Xiao Zhen lose for her surgery?A.Freedom.B.Education.C.Health.D.Confidence.10.What is Jiang Wenxiu's attitude towards plastic surgery?A.Admiring.B.Worried.C.Cautious.D.Satisfied.11.What is the best title of the passage?A.Popular Plastic Surgery.B.Never Take Plastic Surgery.C.What Makes Plastic Surgery Popular?D.Show Your Confidence in Plastic Surgery.DIt is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system.In an attempt to help the children of poor families,a nationwide program called“Headstart” was started in the US in 1965.A lot of money was poured into it.It took children into preschool institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school.But the results have been disappointing,because the program began too late.Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process.At the end of each day,“Headstart”children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.To improve the results,another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child's first teachers.This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life.The four-year study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different socio-economic status,age and family structure.The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child.The program also gave the parents some guidance,and useful skills on child development.At three,the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated withthe children selected from the same socio-economic backgrounds and family situations.The results were obvious.The children in the program were more advanced in language development,problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers.They performed equally well regardless of socio-economic backgrounds or family structure.The one factor that was found to affect the child's development was the poor quality of parent-child interaction.That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.The “Missouri”program compares quite distinctly with the “Headstart”program.Without a similar focus of parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years,some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome education unfairness.12.What caused the failure of the “Headstart” program?A.The large number of poor families.B.The disapproval from children.C.The late start of the program.D.The long period of time.13.What do we know about the “Missouri” program?A.It focused on the children's first school teachers.B.It helped the children return to the same home.C.It made the children improved in many aspects.D.It gave the parents advice on their development.14.According to the passage,what is likely to influence children's performance? A.The number of family members.B.The teacher-student relationship.C.The intelligence of their parents.D.The parent-child communication.15.How does the author develop the passage?A.By listing figures.B.By making comparisons.C.By presenting ideas.D.By drawing conclusions.第二节To tell the truth,no one has the right to judge you.People may have heard your stories,but they can't feel what you are going through; they aren't living YOUR life.16 Instead,focus on how you feel about yourself,and do what you think is right.17 Your relationship with yourself is the closest and most important one you will ever have.If you don't take good care of yourself,then you can't take good care of others either.Taking care of yourself is the best thing you can do.Do what you know is right,for YOU.Don't be afraid to walk alone,and don't be afraid to like it.Don't let anyone's words stop you from being the best you can be.18 When you are totally at peace within yourself,nothing can shake you.Follow your own path. 19 Make use of the chance to make life all that you want it to be.Work hard for what you believe,and keep your dreams big and your worries small.Forgive those who have wronged you. 20 It is a special quality of the strong and wise.It allows you to focus on the future instead of the past.Without forgiveness,wounds can never be healed,and moving on can never be achieved.A.Take care of yourself.B.So forget what they say about you.C.Forgiveness is a gift you give yourself.D.Show everyone your love and kindness.E.Every new day is a chance to change your life.F.Keep doing what you know in your heart is right.G.When you are dealing with failure,don't be ashamed.第二部分语言运用第一节Everyday on the way to work I drive down a street lined with pine trees.One tree in particular 21 my attention.It must have suffered some 22 .Part of its trunk grew nearly parallel to the ground,and then in an effort to 23 its own course of life,the trunk took a 90 degree turn 24 to stand tall and stretch toward the sun.This tree became a 25 for me.Each day as I drove by,I saw this bent butdetermined tree and I would be 26 .It was a reminder to me that 27 I may not have had the best start in life,I could change 28 in the parts of my life at any time.I was planning to stop one day to get a perfect 29 of my kindred-spirit(志趣相同的) tree.But that week I was 30 .After that busy week,I still didn't take any action.Every time I drove by the tree I would 31 myself,“Tomorrow,I'll stop to take one.”Then one day,as I 32 by “my” tree,I glanced over,and much to my 33 I found a sawed-off stump(树桩) where that symbolic tree had stood.Gone.I had 34 my plan until “tomorrow” and tomorrow proved to be too35 .A picture of a tree gives me a lesson clearly that if we knew we would never have the opportunity to do it again?Why not do those things that you have been putting off until tomorrow?21.A.paid B.caughtC.fixed D.escaped22.A.damage B.influenceC.experience D.defeat23.A.follow B.designC.change D.imagine24.A.applying B.attemptingC.happening D.learning25.A.shelter B.signalC.sign D.symbol26.A.interested B.satisfiedC.encouraged D.educated27.A.even though B.as ifC.in case D.if only28.A.purpose B.planC.habit D.direction29.A.glance B.viewC.picture D.knowledge30.A.busy B.freeC.worried D.bored31.A.tell B.helpC.call D.see32.A.wandered B.droveC.rode D.ran33.A.surprise B.pleasureC.regret D.happiness34.A.taken off B.cut offC.put off D.called off35.A.cold B.farC.sunny D.late第二节A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 36.________(be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,37.________ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 38.________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 39.________(declare) she had no plans 40.________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 41.________(make) over the years.I work not because I have to,42.________ because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 43.________(say) she was short-listed,we thought it was 44.________ joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's 45.________(wonder).”第三部分写作第一节假如你是李明,根据学校安排,你给即将到你校任教的外籍教师Jack推荐一名学生助手(assistant)。
2022-2023学年外研版九年级英语上册Module 1模块综合测试卷附答案详析
2022-2023学年九年级英语上册Module1模块综合测试卷(满分100分)I.单项选择(每小题1分,共10分)()1.There are________ancient things on show in the museum.A.20million B.20millions C.20millions of D.20million of()2.—is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa?—It’s about2,160kilometers.A.How oftenB.How farC.How longD.How many()3.she is3years old,she can dress herself.A.Though;butB.Because;soC.Though;/D.Because;/()4.You should____the teacher’s question in a loud voice.A.replyB.reply toC.answer toD.say()5.—It’s already8o’clock in the evening.Why are some of the workers still at work?—Oh,some_____because they haven’t finished their work.A.leaveB.remainC.liveD.move()6.—It’s ten years since we came here.—How time flies!We_____in China for so long.A.workB.workedC.will workD.have worked()7.The Great Pyramid is one of the greatest manmade____in the world.A.EventsB.placesC.wondersD.experiences()8.—____my pen?—Yes,I____it on your desk five minutes ago.A.Have you seen;sawB.Did you see;have seenC.Will you see;am seeingD.Do you see;will see()9.Be quiet!The students_____an English exam.A.takeB.are takingC.will take D has taken()10.—Jimmy,could you please help me in the garden?—,Mom.I’m coming.A.SureB.I’m sorryC.Go aheadD.That’s rightII.完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)Probably you have seen photos of the Grand Canyon.But you must go there(1)to feel its size and beauty.The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest(2)wonders of the world.The Colorado River made the Grand Canyon over(3)years.Slowly,the river cut down(4)hard rocks.At the same time,the land was(5).Today the canyon is very deep.It's also very(6),about20kilometres.And(7)its height,there are different kinds of plants and animals on both sides of the canyon.The canyon looks different at different times of the day,and(8)different seasons and weather.At sunrise,the red,gold,brown and orange colours of the rocks are(9)clear and bright.Whether you see the Grand Canyon from the top or the bottom,it will be a(n)(10)that you will never forget.(1)A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself(2)A.natural B.modern C.ancient D.national(3)A.million of B.five millions of C.millions of D.five million of(4)A.along B.through C.across D.past(5)A.rise B.rising C.rose D.risen(6)A.long B.deep C.high D.wide(7)A.as a result B.because of C.thanks to D.thanks for(8)A.in B.on C.at D.for(9)A.especially B.friendly C.hardly D.differently(10)A.interview B.trip C.visit D.experienceIII.阅读理解(每小题2分,共20分)Passage AMount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.It is in the Himalayan(喜玛拉雅)Mountains between Nepal(尼泊尔)and China,and it is8900meters high.Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal were the first people ever to climb Mount Everest in1953.Men from several different countries climbed it after that.Junko Tabei,a Japanese was the first woman to make this difficult climb.A Japanese newspaper﹣television company chose the fifteen women from mountaineering clubs to climb Mount Qomolangma in 1975.The group climbed for several days.Then there was an accident.The heavy ice and snow hurt ten of the women.They had to stop climbing.The other five went on climbing.Only Ms Tabei was able to climb the last70meters.She was standing on the top of the world.She was the first woman there.Ms Tabei was35years old at the time.She started climbing mountains in 1960.She still climbs mountains.She is not an ordinary Japanese housewife.Ms Tabei makes money for her trips by teaching English and piano to children.She climbs a mountain about every three years.She has climbed some of the highest mountains in six countries.Finally,she wants to climb the highest mountain in every country in the world.When she reaches the top of a mountain,she thinks,"I'm glad that I'm at the top."1.Mount Qomolangma is.A.an ordinary mountain B.the highest mountain in the worldC.in China D.closed to Nepal2.Two men from climbed Mount Qomolangma in1953.A.Japan B.Nepal C.New Zealand D.B and C3.What happened to ten of the women climbers on the way to the top of Mount Qomolangma?D A.They were too tired to climb to it.B.There was no air for them.C.The heavy snow stopped them.D.They were hurt by heavy ice and snow.4.How many women climbed up to Mount Qomolangma in1975?A.One.B.Five.C.Ten.D.Fifteen.5.What kind of person is Ms Tabei?A.She is a Japanese housewife who has climbed many high mountains in the world.B.She teaches children English and piano to make money.C.She's a usual housewife.D.She climbed the highest mountain in the world many times.Passage BThanks to the ancient Silk Road,the lands of Italy and China have been connected for more than2,000 years.Tourists from China and every corner of the world come to visit Italy every year.Here are four famous cities of Italy.Rome ColiseumRome is the birth place of science,culture and of course,art in Europe.It is the perfect combination(结合)of the modern and the classical.When one walks around the city,one can see many museums.Of course,Rome is also considered as the fashion(时尚)centre of the world now.The Rome Coliseum is today considered one wonder(奇迹)of the modern world.Pisa is a small city.It is famous for the Leaning Tower of Pisa.If youthink that Pisa has only one leaning tower,you may just be wrong.Thiscity has three leaning towers.Home of the famous scientist Galileo,Pisais also known for its universities because the city is home of some of themost important universities in Europe.Leaning TowerDavidFlorence is one of the most important provinces around Italy.Shopping here,you'll find David,the most famous statue(雕塑)of Michelangelo.If you are planning to spend just a couple of days in Florence,you likely will not want to lose the opportunity to see and enjoy Arnolfo Tower.It will be open on Sunday and Monday from9am to6pm(closed in case of rain).Venice is a city over a hundred islands.You can visit mostinteresting places of the city by walks or by the famousgondolas.Art exhibitions,film festivals,musicals and famouscarnival(狂欢节)make Venice a place that can be visited anytime of the year.gondolas()1.According to the passage,________is considered as a fashion centre of the world now. A.Rome B.Pisa C.Florence D.Venice()2.Pisa is also famous for its________besides leaning towers.A.universities B.art exhibitions C.film festivals D.museums()3.We can visit Arnolfo Tower________.A.at8am on Sunday B.at9am on Tuesday C.at9pm on Saturday D.at10am on Monday()4.According to the passage,which one of the following is NOT true?A.Pisa has three leaning towers.B.You'll find David when you go shopping in Florence.C.You can visit most interesting places of Venice by walks or by bus.D.Every year,thousands of tourists all over the world come to visit Italy.()5.What is the best title for the passage?A.Italy and China B.The ancient Silk RoadC.All roads lead to Rome D.Four famous cities of ItalyIV.任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分)Have you ever been to Dongting Lake?It's famous as"800li Dongting Lake".Dongting Lake is in the northeastern part of Hunan Province.It is about2,820square kilometers in size.It is one of the five largest freshwater(淡水的)lakes in China.Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Yueyang in order to enjoy the beautiful scenery(景色)around Dongting Lake.With the development of society,protecting Dongting Lake has become a hot topic.In fact,people of Yueyang are trying to improve the environment of the lake.On the one hand,we set up East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve(东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区)in1982.It provides a good place for birds and rare(珍稀的)animals.On the afternoon of April25th,2018,President Xi Jinping saw birds flying and milu deer(麋鹿) eating grass in East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve.On the other hand,factories mustn't put waste water into the lake.Fishes are living in the clean water.Besides,colorful flowers and green trees are planted along Dongting Lake.It is nice for people to go there when flowers come out and leaves turn green.Dongting Lake is our mother lake.Everyone in Yueyang should play a part in protecting it.根据短文内容回答下列问题1.Where is Dongting Lake?2.Why do many tourists come to Yueyang every year?3.When did we set up East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve?4.Does East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve give a good place to birds and rare animals?5.What did President Xi Jinping see in East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve on the afternoon of April 25th,2018?V.选词填空(每小题1分,共10分)根据短文内容,用所给词的正确形式填空。
2022-2021年《金版学案》数学·必修2(苏教版):模块综合检测卷(一)
模块综合检测卷(一)(时间:120分钟 满分:150分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.直线x -3=0的倾斜角是( )A .45°B .60°C .90°D .不存在 答案:C2.已知点A (x ,1,2)和点B (2,3,4),且|AB |=26,则实数x 的值是( ) A .-3或4 B .-6或2 C .3或-4 D .6或-2答案:D3.一个球的内接正方体的表面积为54,则球的表面积为( ) A .27π B .18π C .9π D .54π 解析:设正方体的棱长为a ,球的半径为r , 则6a 2=54,所以a =3. 又由于2r =3a , 所以r =32a =332,所以S 表=4πr 2=4π·274=27π.答案:A4.在同一个平面直角坐标系中,表示直线y =ax 与y =x +a 正确的是( )答案:C5.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为( )A .12B .18C .24D .30解析:由于三个视图中直角较多,所以可以在长方体中对几何体进行分析还原,在长方体中计算其体积.由俯视图可以推断该几何体的底面为直角三角形,由正视图和左视图可以推断该几何体是由直三棱柱(侧棱与底面垂直的棱柱)截取得到的.在长方体中分析还原,如图①所示,故该几何体的直观图如图②所示.在图①中,V 棱柱ABC -A 1B 1C 1=S △ABC ·AA 1=12×4×3×5=30,V 棱锥P -A 1B 1C 1=13S △A 1B 1C 1·PB 1=13×12×4×3×3=6.故几何体ABC -PA 1C 1的体积为30-6=24.故选C.答案:C6.已知圆C 1:(x -2)2+(y -3)2=1,圆C 2:(x -3)2+(y -4)2=9,M ,N 分别是圆C 1,C 2上的动点,P 为x 轴上的动点,则|PM |+|PN |的最小值为( )A .52-4 B.17-1 C .6-2 2D.17解析:先求出圆心坐标和半径,再结合对称性求解最小值,设P (x ,0),C 1(2,3)关于x 轴的对称点为C 1′(2,-3),那么|PC 1|+|PC 2|=|PC 1′|+|PC 2|≥|C ′1C 2|=(2-3)2+(-3-4)2=5 2. 而|PM |=|PC 1|-1,|PN |=|PC 2|-3, 所以|PM |+|PN |=|PC 1|+|PC 2|-4≥52-4. 答案:A7.直线y =kx +3与圆(x -2)2+(y -3)2=4相交于M 、N 两点,若|MN |≥23,则k 的取值范围是( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-34,0 B.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-33,33C.[]-3,3D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-23,0 解析:法一:可联立方程组利用弦长公式求|MN |,再结合|MN |≥23可得答案.法二:利用圆的性质知,圆心到直线的距离的平方加上弦长一半的平方等于半径的平方,求出|MN |,再结合|MN |≥23可得答案.答案:B8.若空间中四条两两不同的直线l 1,l 2,l 3,l 4满足l 1⊥l 2,l 2⊥l 3,l 3⊥l 4,则下列结论肯定正确的是( )A .l 1⊥l 4B .l 1∥l 4C .l 1与l 4既不垂直也不平行D .l 1与l 4的位置关系不确定解析:如图所示,在长方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,记l 1=DD 1,l 2=DC ,l 3=DA ,若l 4=AA 1,满足l 1⊥l 2,l 2⊥l 3,l 3⊥l 4,此时l 1∥l 4,可以排解选项A 和C.若l 4=DC 1,也满足条件,可以排解选项B.故选D. 答案:D9.如图所示,在四周体ABCD 中,E ,F 分别是AC 与BD 的中点,若CD =2AB =4,EF ⊥BA ,则EF 与CD 所成的角为( )A .90°B .45°C .60°D .30°解析:如图所示,取BC 的中点H ,连接EH ,FH ,则∠EFH 为所求,可证△EFH 为直角三角形, EH ⊥EF ,FH =2,EH =1, 从而可得∠EFH =30°. 答案:D10.若直线y =kx +1与圆x 2+y 2+kx -y =0的两个交点恰好关于y 轴对称,则k 等于( )A .0B .1C .2D .3解析:由⎩⎨⎧y =kx +1,x 2+y 2+kx -y =0,得(1+k 2)·x 2+2kx =0. 由于两点恰好关于y 轴对称, 所以x 1+x 2=-2k 1+k 2=0, 所以k =0. 答案:A11.已知直线l 1:ax +4y -2=0与直线l 2:2x -5y +b =0相互垂直,垂足为(1,c ),则a +b +c 的值为( )A .-4B .20C .0D .24解析:垂足(1,c )是两直线的交点,且l 1⊥l 2,故-a 4·25=-1,所以a =10.l :10x +4y -2=0.将(1,c )代入,得c =-2; 将(1,-2)代入l 2,得b =-12. 则a +b +c =10+(-12)+(-2)=-4. 答案:A12.过点A ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫0,73与B (7,0)的直线l 1与过点(2,1),(3,k +1)的直线l 2和两坐标轴围成的四边形内接于一个圆,则实数k 等于( )A .-3B .3C .-6D .6 解析:由题意知l 1⊥l 2,所以kl 1·kl 2=-1,即-13k =-1,k =3.答案:B二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.将正确答案填在题中的横线上)13.设点A (-1,0),B (1,0),直线2x +y -b =0与线段AB 相交,则b 的取值范围是________.解析:b 为直线y =-2x +b 在y 轴上的截距,如图所示,当直线y =-2x +b过点A (-1,0)和点B (1,0)时b 分别取得最小值和最大值.所以b 的取值范围是[-2,2]. 答案:[-2,2]14.已知直线ax +y -2=0与圆心为C 的圆(x -1)2-(y -a )2=4相交于A ,B 两点,且△ABC 为等边三角形,则实数a =________.解析:依据“半径、弦长AB 的一半、圆心到直线的距离”满足勾股定理可建立关于a 的方程,解方程求a .圆心C (1,a )到直线ax +y -2=0的距离为|a +a -2|a 2+1.由于△ABC 为等边三角形,所以|AB |=|BC |=2.所以⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫|a +a -2|a 2+12+12=22.解得a =4±15.答案:4±1515.如图所示,将边长为1的正方形ABCD 沿对角线AC 折起,使得平面ADC ⊥平面ABC ,在折起后形成的三棱锥D -ABC 中,给出下列三种说法:①△DBC 是等边三角形;②AC ⊥BD ;③三棱锥D -ABC 的体积是26.其中正确的序号是________(写出全部正确说法的序号).解析:取AC 的中点E ,连接DE ,BE , 则DE ⊥AC ,BE ⊥AC ,且DE ⊥BE . 又DE =EC =BE ,所以DC =DB =BC ,故△DBC 是等边三角形. 又AC ⊥平面BDE , 故AC ⊥BD .又V D -ABC =13S △ABC ·DE =13×12×1×1×22=212,故③错误.答案:①②16.已知直线l 经过点P (-4,-3),且被圆(x +1)2+(y +2)2=25截得的弦长为8,则直线l 的方程是_________________________.解析:由于(-4+1)2+(-3+2)2=10<25,所以点P 在圆内.当l 的斜率不存在时,l 的方程为x =-4,将x =-4代入圆的方程,得y =2或y =-6,此时弦长为8.当l 的斜率存在时,设l 的方程为y +3=k (x +4),即kx -y +4k -3=0,当弦长为8时,圆心到直线的距离为 25-42=3,则|-k +2+4k -3|k 2+1=3,解得k =-43.则直线l 的方程为y +3=-43(x +4),即4x +3y +25=0.答案:4x +3y +25=0或x =-4三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程及演算步骤)17.(本小题满分10分)求经过两直线2x -3y -3=0和x +y +2=0的交点且与直线3x +y -1=0平行的直线方程.解:法一:由方程组⎩⎨⎧2x -3y -3=0,x +y +2=0,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =-35,y =-75.由于直线l 和直线3x +y -1=0平行, 所以直线l 的斜率k =-3.所以依据点斜式有y -⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫-75=-3⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤x -⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫-35,故所求直线方程为15x +5y +16=0.法二:由于直线l 过两直线2x -3y -3=0和x +y +2=0的交点, 所以设直线l 的方程为2x -3y -3+λ(x +y +2)=0, 即(λ+2)x +(λ-3)y +2λ-3=0. 由于直线l 与直线3x +y -1=0平行, 所以λ+23=λ-31≠2λ-3-1,解得λ=112.从而所求直线方程为 15x +5y +16=0.18.(本小题满分12分)如图所示,在正三棱柱ABC -A 1B 1C 1中,AA 1=6,异面直线BC 1与AA 1所成角的大小为30°,求该三棱柱的体积.解:由于CC 1∥AA 1,所以∠BC 1C 为异面直线BC 1与AA 1所成的角, 即∠BC 1C =30°.在Rt △BC 1C 中,BC =CC 1·tan ∠BC 1C =6×33=23, 从而S △ABC =34BC 2=33,因此该三棱柱的体积为V =S △ABC ·AA 1=33×6=18 3.19.(本小题满分12分)如图所示,在正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,E ,F ,P ,Q ,M ,N 分别是棱AB ,AD ,DD 1,BB 1,A 1B 1,A 1D 1的中点.求证:(1)直线BC 1∥平面EFPQ ; (2)直线AC 1⊥平面PQMN .证明:(1)连接AD 1,由ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1是正方体, 知AD 1∥BC 1.由于F ,P 分别是AD ,DD 1的中点,所以FP ∥AD 1. 从而BC 1∥FP .而FP ⊂平面EFPQ ,且BC 1⊄平面EFPQ , 故直线BC 1∥平面EFPQ .(2)如图所示,连接AC ,BD ,则AC ⊥BD .由CC1⊥平面ABCD,BD⊂平面ABCD,可得CC1⊥BD.又AC∩CC1=C,所以BD⊥平面ACC1.而AC1⊂平面ACC1,所以BD⊥AC1.由于M,N分别是A1B1,A1D1的中点,所以MN∥BD,从而MN⊥AC1.同理可证PN⊥AC1.又PN∩MN=N,所以直线AC1⊥平面PQMN.20.(本小题满分12分)右图是某几何体的三视图,请你指出这个几何体的结构特征,并求出它的表面积与体积.解:此几何体是一个组合体,下半部是长方体,上半部是半圆柱,其轴截面的大小与长方体的上底面大小全都.表面积为S,则S=32+96+48+4π+16π=176+20π.体积为V,则V=8×4×6+12×22×8π=192+16π.所以几何体的表面积为(176+20π)cm2,体积为(192+16π)cm3.21.(本小题满分12分)已知点M(x0,y0)在圆x2+y2=4上运动,N(4,0),点P(x,y)为线段MN的中点.(1)求点P(x,y)的轨迹方程;(2)求点P(x,y)到直线3x+4y-86=0的距离的最大值和最小值.解:(1)由于点P(x,y)是MN的中点,所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x=x0+42,y=y02,故⎩⎨⎧x0=2x-4,y0=2y.将用x,y表示的x0,y0代入到x20+y20=4中得(x-2)2+y2=1.此式即为所求轨迹方程.(2)由(1)知点P的轨迹是以Q(2,0)为圆心,以1为半径的圆.点Q到直线3x +4y-86=0的距离d=|6-86|32+42=16.故点P到直线3x+4y-86=0的距离的最大值为16+1=17,最小值为16-1=15.22.(本小题满分12分)如图所示,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,点A(0,3),直线l:y=2x-4,设圆C的半径为1,圆心在l上.(1)若圆心C也在直线y=x-1上,过点A作圆C的切线,求切线的方程;(2)若圆C上存在点M,使|MA|=2|MO|,求圆心C的横坐标a的取值范围.解:(1)由题设,圆心C是直线y=2x-4和y=x-1的交点,解得点C(3,2),于是切线的斜率必存在,设过A(0,3)的圆C的切线方程为y=kx+3.由题意,得|3k+1|k2+1=1,解得k=0或k=-34,故所求切线方程为y=3或3x+4y-12=0.(2)由于圆心在直线y=2x-4上,设圆心C(a,2(a-2)),所以圆C的方程为(x-a)2+[y-2(a-2)]2=1.设点M(x,y),由于MA=2MO,所以x2+(y-3)2=2x2+y2,化简得x2+y2+2y-3=0,即x2+(y+1)2=4.所以点M在以D(0,-1)为圆心,2为半径的圆上.由题意,点M(x,y)在圆C上,所以圆C与圆D有公共点,则|2-1|≤CD≤2+1,即1≤a2+(2a-3)2≤3.整理,得-8≤5a2-12a≤0.由5a2-12a+8≥0,得a∈R;由5a2-12a≤0,得0≤a≤125.所以点C的横坐标a的取值范围为⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,125.。
外研版四年级英语Module1_模块综合检测及答案
Module1 模块综合检测听力部分一、翻译出所读的单词。
( ) 1. A. 紧挨 B. 左边 C. 迷路( ) 2. A. 房子 B. 车站 C. 公园( ) 3. A. 径直 B. 街道 C. 超市( ) 4. A. 后面 B. 旁边 C. 再见( ) 5. A 附近 B. 紧挨 C. 这儿二、捕捉到句子中出现的单词。
( ) 1. A. left B. lost C. live ( ) 2. A. next B. beside C. No. ( ) 3. A. street B. right C. straight ( ) 4. A. up B. at C. down ( ) 5. A bus B. tree C. train 三、判断下面图片与录音内容是“√”否“×”相符。
( ) 1. ( ) 2.( ) 3. ( ) 4.( ) 5. ( ) 6.四、根据问句,选出答句。
( ) 1. A. It’s on your right. B. She is near the house. ( ) 2. A. I’m five. B. I’m fine.( ) 3. A. I’m behind the tree. B. It’s at the station. ( ) 4. A. Go straight on. And turn left. B. I’m behind the door.笔试部分一、连线。
(1) You are A. I’m(2) It is B. Here’s(3) I am C. You’re(4) Where is D. It’s(5) Here is E. Where’s二、选择填空。
on at to(1) I’m ________ your right now.(2) Turn right. And go straight ________.(3) My school is next ________ a park.(4) Lili lives ________ No.7 Park Street.(5) The train is ________ the station.三、单项选择。
2020-2021化学第二册模块综合测评(1)含解析
2020-2021学年新教材化学人教版必修第二册模块综合测评(1)含解析(教师用书备选)模块综合测评(一)(时间90分钟,满分100分)一、选择题(本题包括18小题,每小题3分,共54分)1.化学与人类社会的生活、生产密切相关。
下列说法不正确的是()A.我国发射的“嫦娥三号”月球探测器中使用的碳纤维是一种新型无机非金属材料B.高纯度的二氧化硅广泛用于制作光导纤维,光导纤维遇强碱会“断路”C.化石燃料的燃烧会引起大气中CO2含量的上升D.《抱朴子》中记载有“丹砂(HgS)烧之成水银,积变又还成丹砂”,两个反应互为可逆反应D[D项中的两反应的条件不同,不是可逆反应,错误。
]2.下列说法正确的是()A.石油的分馏与煤的干馏均属于物理变化B.明矾、漂白粉处理自来水的原理不相同C.工业上常用电解MgO的方法制取金属镁D.SO2气体使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色,体现了SO2的漂白性B[石油的分馏属于物理变化,煤的干馏属于化学变化,A 项错误;MgO的熔点高,工业上通常用电解熔融MgCl2的方法制取金属镁,C项错误;SO2具有还原性,而酸性KMnO4溶液具有氧化性,SO2气体使酸性KMnO4溶液褪色体现了SO2的还原性,D项错误。
]3.下列关于有机物的说法正确的是()A.糖类、油脂和蛋白质都可以发生水解反应B.苯能与溴水发生加成反应C.以苯甲醇为原料可制取苯甲酸D.乙烯、苯、乙酸分子中的所有原子都在同一平面上C[油脂和蛋白质在一定条件下能发生水解反应,但糖类中的单糖不能发生水解反应,A项错误;苯与溴单质在Fe或FeBr3作催化剂的条件下能发生取代反应,苯和溴水不能发生加成反应,B 项错误;乙酸分子中含有甲基,分子中所有原子不可能都在同一平面上,D项错误。
]4.南海是一个巨大的资源宝库,开发利用这些资源是科学研究的重要课题。
下图为海水资源利用的部分过程,有关说法正确的是()A.氯碱工业中采用阴离子交换膜可提高产品的纯度B.工业生产中②常选用NaOH作为沉淀剂C.由MgCl2·6H2O得到无水MgCl2的关键是要低温小火烘干D.④、⑤的目的是富集溴元素,溴元素在反应④、⑥中均被氧化,在反应⑤中被还原D[氯碱工业的原理是电解饱和食盐水,采用的是阳离子交换膜,使钠离子转移到阴极,阳极得到Cl2,阴极得到H2和NaOH,这样既能防止阴极产生的H2与阳极产生的Cl2反应,还可以防止Cl2与NaOH反应,A项错误;工业上沉淀海水中的Mg2+,常采用Ca(OH)2,不用NaOH,因为NaOH的价格较贵,B项错误;由MgCl2·6H2O得到无水MgCl2的关键是在HCl氛围中加热,以抑制Mg2+的水解,C项错误。
《金版教程(物理)》2024导学案选择性必修第一册人教版新模块综合测评含答案
《金版教程(物理)》2024导学案选择性必修第一册人教版新模块综合测评模块综合测评本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间75分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共50分)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1~7题只有一项符合题目要求,第8~10题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分)1.下列说法正确的是()A.物体做受迫振动时,驱动力频率越高,受迫振动的物体振幅越大B.医生利用超声波探测病人血管中血液的流速应用了多普勒效应C.两列波发生干涉,振动加强区质点的位移总比振动减弱区质点的位移大D.一列波通过小孔发生了衍射,波源频率越大,观察到的衍射现象越明显答案 B解析物体做受迫振动的频率等于驱动力的频率,当驱动力的频率等于系统的固有频率时,振幅达到最大,这种现象称为共振,A错误;医院检查身体的彩超仪是通过测量反射波的频率变化来确定血流的速度,显然是运用了多普勒效应原理,B正确;两列波发生干涉,振动加强区质点的振幅比振动减弱区质点的振幅大,不能说振动加强区质点的位移总比振动减弱区质点的位移大,C错误;一列波通过小孔发生了衍射,如果孔的尺寸大小不变,使波源频率增大,因为波速不变,知,波长减小,衍射现象变得不那么明显了,D错误。
根据λ=vf2.关于光,下列说法正确的是()A.光在水中的传播速度大于在空气中的传播速度B.树荫下的太阳光斑大多呈圆形是因为光的衍射C.透过竖直放置的肥皂膜看竖直的日光灯,能看到彩色干涉条纹D.当光在水面上发生反射时,反射光是偏振光答案 D解析由v=c可知,光在水中的传播速度小于在空气中的传播速度,A错误;树荫下的太阳光n斑大多是由小孔成像形成的,故呈圆形,B 错误;薄膜干涉条纹的产生是由于光线在薄膜前后两表面反射形成的两列光波叠加,而不是透过了薄膜,C 错误;当光在水面上发生反射时,反射光是偏振光,D 正确。
高中历史(新人教版)选择性必修二课后习题:模块综合测评一(课后习题)【含答案及解析】
模块综合测评一(时间:45分钟分值:100分)一、选择题(本题15小题,每小题4分,共60分)1.原始社会时期,随着社会生产力的发展,人们寻找食物的方式逐渐从原始的渔猎采集转化为饲养和种植,原始的种植成为人们的主要食物来源。
这种变化反映了()A.种植从根本上改变了人类生活方式B.农业成为古代社会的基本生产部门C.种植生活是农业兴起的重要标志D.农业和畜牧业出现了社会分工答案C解析材料信息主要是反映了随着生产力发展,种植经济取代狩猎采集经济,开始了真正的农业经济,故C项正确;远古时期,种植经济改变了人类生活方式,并非根本改变,A项错误;材料主要反映了远古时期种植经济的发展,未反映农业成为古代社会的基本生产部门,B项错误;材料未体现农业和畜牧业是否成为独立的生产部门,未体现社会分工,D项错误。
2.明清时期,中国与西方人口都出现了一次爆炸式增长,不同的是,欧洲人口增长最多的地区是城市及其周边地区,中国则主要集中在边疆或山地地区。
明清人口增长的这一特点()A.拉大了与西方的差距B.有利于改善人地关系C.受益于新作物的传入D.阻碍了商品经济的发展答案C解析结合所学知识可知,明清偏远地区人口的增长得益于新航路开辟后马铃薯、玉米等耐旱、高产的新作物品种的传入,故选C项。
3.商周时期,锸、类农具开沟起土较慢,农田垄与沟的宽度比约为1∶2,沟宽垄窄;战国晚期,垄与沟宽度之比变为1∶1;沟、垄宽度基本一致。
这一变化表明战国晚期()A.生产发展提高了劳动生产率B.集体劳作方式不断得到强化C.人地矛盾推动经济结构调整D.技术革新带动种植面积扩大答案D解析根据材料信息可知,商周时期的垄与沟的宽度比约为1∶2,战国晚期的垄与沟宽度之比变为1∶1,再结合战国时期铁农具和牛耕的使用,可得出技术革新带动种植面积扩大,D项正确;材料不能体现劳动生产率的提高,排除A项;战国时期的劳作方式主要是个体耕作,排除B项;材料没有涉及经济结构调整,排除C项。
2023-2024(上) 全品学练考 高中物理 选择性必修第一册模块综合测评含答案
2023-2024(上)全品学练考高中物理选择性必修第一册模块综合测评一、单项选择题1.[2022·北京八中月考] 2022年9月21日7时15分,在酒泉卫星发射中心使用长征二号丁运载火箭成功发射云海一号03星.现将火箭发射看成如下模型:静止时火箭总质量M=21 kg,火箭喷气发动机竖直向下喷出质量m=1000 g的高温气体,气体被喷出时相对地面的速度大小v0=840 m/s,火箭获得某一速度发射出去.火箭喷出气体的过程中空气阻力可忽略不计,则火箭获得的速度大小为()A.40 m/sB.42 m/sC.420 m/sD.4000 m/s2.如图甲所示,在均匀介质中的一条直线上的两个振源A、B相距6 m,振动频率相等.t0=0时刻A、B开始振动,且都只振动一个周期,振幅相等,A的振动图像为图乙,B的振动图像为图丙.若由A向右传播的机械波与由B向左传播的机械波在t1=0.3 s时恰好相遇,则下列判断正确的是()A.两列波在A、B间的传播速度大小均为10 m/sB.两列波的波长都是4 mC.在两列波相遇过程中,中点C为振动加强点D.t2=0.75 s时刻B点经过平衡位置且振动方向向下3.如图所示为长直光纤,柱芯为玻璃,外层用折射率比玻璃的折射率小的介质包覆.若光线自光纤左端进入,与中心轴的夹角为θ,则下列有关此光线传播方式的叙述正确的是()A.不论θ为何,光线都不会发生全反射B.不论θ为何,光线都会发生全反射C.θ够小时,光线才会发生全反射D.θ够大时,光线才会发生全反射4.工厂测机器转速可用一种振动式转速计,它是由十几个安装在同一支架上的钢片做成,每个钢片的固有频率都不相同.使用时,将振动式转速计固定在机器的某个位置,受机器转动的影响,钢片会跟着振动,通过比较钢片的振动情况可知机器的转速.下列说法正确的是()A.机器工作时钢片的振动频率都不相同B.机器工作时所有钢片的振动幅度都相同C.若机器的转速为3600 r/min,则稳定时固有频率为60 Hz的那一个钢片振动幅度最大D.若机器转速增加则所有钢片的振动幅度都会增加5.在水槽里放两块挡板,中间留一个狭缝,观察水波通过狭缝后的传播情况,图甲、乙是保持水波的波长不变,改变狭缝的宽度,观察水波的传播情况变化;图丙、丁、戊是实验时拍摄波长不同的水波通过宽度一定的狭缝的照片,在丙、丁、戊三幅照片中,波长分别是狭缝宽度的710、510、310,对比这三张照片观察衍射现象与波长、狭缝宽度的关系.该实验现象表明()波长一定的水波通过宽度不同的狭缝波长不同的水波通过宽度一定的狭缝A.只有缝、孔的宽度或障碍物的尺寸比波长小,才能观察到明显的衍射现象B.只有缝、孔的宽度或障碍物的尺寸跟波长相差不多或比波长更小,才能观察到明显的衍射现象C.图戊可以得出,波长比狭缝小太多就不会发生衍射现象D.图戊甲可以看出,狭缝宽度再增加就不会发生衍射现象6.[2022·浙江瑞安中学期中] 物体的运动状态可以用位置x和动量p描述,称为相,对应p-x图像中的一个点.物体运动状态的变化可用p-x图像的一条直线或曲线来描述,称为相轨迹.如图所示,在光滑的水平面上,轻弹簧的左端固定,一个小物体(可视为质点)与弹簧右端相连,弹簧开始处于原长,现向左推动物体压缩弹簧,压缩长度为l后由静止释放.已知弹簧的形变量为x时,弹性势能为12kx2.以弹簧原长位置为坐标原点O,向右为正方向建立x轴,则物体经过O点后向右运动时的相轨迹可能是()A B C D7.如图甲所示,同一均匀介质中的一条直线上有相距10米的两质点A、B,C为AB中点,从0时刻起,波源A、波源B同时开始振动,且波源A发出的波只向右传,波源B发出的波只向左传,图乙为A的振动图像,图丙为B的振动图像,若A向右传播的波与B向左传播的波在0.5 s时相遇,则下列说法正确的是()A.两列波的波长均为2 mB.两列波在A、B间传播的速度大小均为5 m/sC.在两列波相遇的过程中,在t=0.7 s时,C点的振动加强D.在B的右边有一观察者向右运动,观察者接收到的频率大于5 Hz二、多项选择题8.如图甲所示,一细线连接小球做单摆小角度振动,不计空气阻力.从小球某次向右通过最低点时开始计时,相对平衡位置的位移x随时间t变化图像如图乙所示,重力加速度g取10 m/s2.关于单摆的振动过程说法正确的是 ()A.单摆的摆长约为1 mB.最大偏角约为7100rad≈4°C.在第1 s末细线的拉力最小D.细线的张力大小变化周期为2 s9.如图所示,墙上固定着一根长为L的光滑水平杆,小球套在杆上,两根完全相同的原长为0.6L的橡皮筋一端固定在墙上,另一端与小球连接.小球从杆的中点以初速度v向左运动,小球将做周期为T的往复运动,且运动过程中始终未与墙相碰.已知弹簧振子的周期T0=2π√mk(k为某个系数),则下列说法不正确的是()A.小球做简谐运动B.两根橡皮筋的总弹性势能的变化周期为TC.小球的初速度为v3时,其运动周期为3TD.小球的初速度为v3时,其运动周期仍为T10.如图是双缝干涉实验装置的示意图,S为单缝,双缝S1、S2之间的距离是0.2 mm,P为光屏,双缝到屏的距离为1.2 m.用绿色光照射单缝S时,可在光屏P上观察到第1条亮纹中心与第6条亮纹中心间距为1.500 cm.若相邻两条亮条纹中心间距为Δx,则下列说法正确的是()A.Δx为0.300 cmB.增大双缝到屏的距离,Δx将变大C.改用间距为0.3 mm的双缝,Δx将变大D.换用红光照射,Δx将变大三、实验题11.[2022·天津实验中学期中] “利用单摆测重力加速度”的实验中:(1)用游标卡尺测量小钢球直径,读数如图所示,读数为mm;(2)下列最合理的装置是;A B C D(3)测单摆周期时,当摆球经过平衡位置时开始计时并计1次,测出经过该位置N次所用时间为t,则单摆周期为T=;(4)该同学根据实验数据,利用计算机拟合得到的方程为T2=4.04l+0.05.由此可以得出当地重力加速度g= m/s2(π取3.14,结果保留2位有效数字),从方程中可知T2与l没有成正比关系,其原因可能是.A.计算摆长时,可能加了小球的直径B.小球摆动过程中,可能摆角太大C.开始计时时,小球可能在最高点D.计算摆长时,可能只算了绳长12.[2022·浙江嘉兴一中期中] 下图为“验证动量守恒定律”的实验装置,实验中选取两个小球,按下面步骤进行实验:①用天平测出两个小球的质量分别为m1和m2;②安装实验装置,使斜槽的末端切线水平;③先不放小球m2,让小球m1从斜槽顶端由静止释放,标记小球在水平桌面上的落点位置;④将小球m2放在斜槽末端,仍让小球m1从斜槽顶端由静止释放,两球发生碰撞,分别标记小球m1、m2在水平桌面上的落点位置;⑤图中M、P、N点是实验过程中记下的小球在水平桌面上的三个落点平均位置,测出M、P、N点到斜槽末端的水平桌面投影点O点的距离,分别标记为s M、s P、s N.依据上述实验步骤,请回答下面问题:(1)两小球的质量m1、m2应满足关系m1m2(选填“>”“=”或“<”);(2)实验过程中,以下所提供的测量工具中必需的是;A.直尺B.游标卡尺C.天平D.弹簧秤E.秒表(3)本实验操作中,下列说法正确的是;A.斜槽轨道必须是光滑的B.可选用塑料材质的小球C.入射小球m1每次都需从斜槽上的同一位置无初速度释放D.入射小球m1与被撞小球m2的半径必须相等(4)用实验中测得的数据来表示,只要满足关系式,就能说明两球碰撞前后动量是守恒的.四、计算题13.沿x轴传播的一列简谐横波在t=0时刻的波形如图甲中实曲线所示,在t=1.5 s时刻的波形如图甲中虚线所示,该波中某质点的振动图像如图乙所示.(1)求波的传播速度大小; (2)判断波的传播方向;(3)判断x=1.5 m 处的质点在t=0.15 s 时的位置; (4)求x=5 m 处的质点经1 s 通过的路程.14.[2022·厦门外国语学校期中] 如图所示为截面为半圆形的玻璃砖,一束波长λ=5×10-7 m 的激光从沿圆心O 与直径成45°射入半圆形玻璃砖,在O 点恰好发生全反射,从圆面水平射出后,进入双缝干涉装置,已知R=0.3 m,双缝间距d=2×10-4 m,光屏离双缝l=1 m,光在真空中的传播速度为c=3×108 m/s,求: (1)玻璃砖对该光线的折射率n ; (2)光线在玻璃砖中传播的时间t ; (3)光屏上相邻亮条纹的间距Δx.15.半径均为r 的14圆轨道AB 与14圆管轨道BC 在B 点平滑对接,固定放置在竖直平面内,轨道在最低点A 的切线水平、在最高点C 的切线水平,两轨道的内壁均光滑.在光滑的水平地面上,让质量为m2的小球甲(视为质点)以一定的水平初速度与前方静止的质量为m 的小球乙(视为质点)发生弹性碰撞,小球乙以一定的速度滑上轨道,重力加速度为g.(1)若小球乙到达C 点时受到的弹力刚好为0,求小球乙在A 点受到的支持力大小;(2)若小球乙到达C 点时对管的上壁有压力,求A 点时轨道对乙的支持力大小与C 点时轨道对乙的压力大小之差;(3)若小球乙离开C 点做平抛运动的水平位移为2√2r ,求甲与乙碰撞之前的速度大小.模块综合测评1.B[解析] 喷出气体过程中重力和空气阻力可忽略不计,在火箭发射的过程中二者组成的系统在相同竖直方向的动量守恒;以喷出气体的速度方向为正方向,由动量守恒定律得mv0+(M-m)v=0,代入数据解得v=-42 m/s,负号表示方向向上,故选B.2.A[解析] 由题意得v=ΔxΔt =60.3×2m/s=10 m/s,A正确;T=0.2 s,λ=vT=2 m,B错误;中点C到两波源的距离都是半波长的奇数倍,因两波源的振动是反相位的,所以中点C为振动减弱点,C错误;t2=0.75 s时,B点在负向最大位移处,D错误.3.C[解析] 发生全反射的条件之一是入射角i要大于或等于临界角C,即光线传播到分界面时的入射角i 应满足i=90°-θ≥C,即θ≤90°-C,故C正确.4.C[解析] 机器工作时钢片均做受迫振动,振动频率等于机器振动的频率,故相同,A错误;机器工作时钢片的振动幅度不同,机器振动的频率接近其固有频率的钢片振动幅度最大,B错误;若机器的转速为3600 r/min,即60 r/s,则稳定时固有频率为60 Hz的那一个钢片发生共振,振动幅度最大,C正确;驱动力的频率接近固有频率时会使振幅增大,远离固有频率时会使振幅减小,故机器转速增加,有的钢片振动幅度增加,有的钢片振动幅度减小,D错误.5.B[解析] 由图甲、乙可知,波长一定时,狭缝越窄衍射现象越明显;由图丙、丁、戊可知,狭缝一定,波长越大衍射现象越明显.只有缝、孔的宽度或障碍物的尺寸跟波长相差不多或比波长更小,才能观察到明显的衍射现象,选项A错误,B正确;图戊可以得出,波长比狭缝小太多同样会发生衍射现象,只是衍射现象不明显,选项C错误;图甲可以看出,狭缝宽度再增加也会发生衍射现象,只是衍射现象不明显,选项D错误.6.C[解析] 设物体运动到位置x时速度为v,根据机械能守恒定律有12kl2=12kx2+12mv2,解得v=√km(l2-x2),所以动量为p=mv=√mk(l2-x2),故选C.7.C[解析] 波速由介质决定,则两波在同一均匀介质中传播波速相同,设为v,则有x AB=2vt,代入数据解得v=10 m/s,由图知A的周期T A=0.2 s,则波长为λA=vT A=2 m,由图知B的周期T B=0.4 s,则波长为λB=vT B=4 m,故A、B错误;A向右传播的波与B向左传播的波在0.5 s时相遇,即在C点相遇,再经过0.2 s就到了t=0.7 s时刻,由图乙可知A波再经过0.2 s处于平衡位置向上振动,由丙图可知B波再经0.2 s处于平衡位置向上振动,故此时C点是振动加强,故C正确;由题可知,B的右边只接收到波源A传过去的波,A波的频率为f=1T A=5 Hz,当在B的右边有一观察者向右运动时,远离波源A,根据多普勒效应,接收频率小于波源频率5 Hz,故D错误.8.AB[解析] 单摆的周期T=2 s,根据T=2π√Lg可得摆长L=gT 24π2=10×224×3.142m≈1 m,选项A正确;最大偏角约为θ≈tan θ=AL=7100rad≈4°,选项B正确;在第1 s末摆球在最低点,则此时细线的拉力最大,选项C错误;细线的张力大小变化周期为1 s,选项D错误.9.BC[解析] 小球在杆中点受两橡皮筋的弹力处于平衡状态.当小球移动时,一个弹力增大,另一个弹力减小,两弹力反向,根据ΔF=kΔx,可知,两橡皮筋弹力变化大小相等,两弹力提供的合力大小随位移均匀变大.当右侧橡皮筋变为伸长状态后,两弹力同向,合力随位移仍均匀变大,故小球做简谐运动,A正确;小球从杆中点到最大位移处,再返回至杆中点的过程为两根橡皮筋的总弹性势能的变化周期,即T2,B错误;根据T0=2π√mk,简谐运动过程的周期不变,C错误,D正确.10.ABD[解析] 第1条亮纹中心与第6条亮纹中心间距为1.500 cm,则相邻两条亮条纹中心间距为Δx=1.5005cm=0.300 cm,故A正确;根据双缝干涉的条纹间距公式Δx=Ldλ可知,增大双缝到屏的距离L,Δx将变大,故B正确;由Δx=Ldλ可知,增大双缝的距离d,Δx将变小,故C错误;换用红光照射,即光的波长λ变长,由Δx=Ldλ知Δx将变大,故D正确.11.(1)9.7或9.8(2)D(3)2tN-1(4)9.8 D[解析] (1)用游标卡尺测量小钢球直径读数为9 mm+0.1 mm×7=9.7 mm.(2)固定摆线时要用铁夹夹住固定,防止摆球摆动时摆长变化;摆球要用质量大体积相对较小的铁球,以减小相对阻力;摆线要用无弹力的细丝线,故选D.(3)单摆周期为T=t N-12=2t N-1.(4)根据T=2π√lg 可得T2=4π2gl,则4π2g=4.04,解得g=9.8 m/s2;由T2=4.04l+0.05可知图像在纵轴上有正截距,可能是计算摆长时忘记加上了小球的半径,即计算摆长时只算了绳长;若是计算摆长时加了小球的直径,则图像在纵轴出现负截距;而摆角大小对周期无影响;而开始计时时小球在最高点,可能会造成测量周期的误差,则对图像的斜率有影响,从而影响重力加速度的测量值,综上所述,选项D正确,A、B、C错误.12.(1)>(2)AC(3)CD(4)m1s P=m1s M+m2s N[解析] (1)为了防止入射球碰后反弹,一定要保证入射球的质量大于被碰球的质量,即m1>m2;(2)要验证动量守恒定律,需测量小球的质量和三个落点到O点的距离,故提供的测量工具中必需的是AC;(3)实验要求小球每次从斜槽未端抛出时的速度相同,所以每次应从斜槽上同一位置由静止释放小球,但斜槽是否光滑对上述要求无影响,即斜槽不必光滑,故A错误,C正确;为了更好的完成实验应该用密度大的钢球,碰撞效果更明显,塑料球碰撞时能量损失大,运动的距离小,实验结果误差大,故B错误;为了使小球发生对心碰撞且碰后不被反弹,要求入射小球质量大于被碰小球质量,入射小球和被碰小球的半径必须相同,故D正确.(4)小球离开轨道后做平抛运动,因为抛出点的高度相等,所以小球做平抛运动的时间t相等,小球做平抛运动的初速度越小,水平位移越小,两球碰撞后入射球的速度变小,小于碰撞前入射球的速度,且小于被碰球的速度,碰撞后入射球的水平位移变小,入射球的水平位移小于被碰球的水平位移,由图示可知,入射小球前后两次的落地位置分别为P、M两点,被碰球落地位置是N,设碰撞前入射球的速度大小为v0,碰撞后入射球速度大小为v1,被碰球速度大小为v2,碰撞过程系统动量守恒,以向右为正方向,由动量守恒定律得m1v0=m1v1+m2v2,小球做平抛运动的时间t相等,两边同时乘以t,则有m1v0t=m1v1t+m2v2t,则m1s P=m1s M+m2s N,所以只要满足关系式m1s P=m1s M+m2s N,就能说明两球碰撞前后动量是守恒的.13.(1)10 m/s(2)沿x轴负方向传播(3)波谷,坐标(1.5,-14)(4)140 cm[解析] (1)由图甲知,波长为λ=4 m由图乙知,周期为T=0.4 s波的传播速度大小为v=λT =40.4m/s=10 m/s(2)在0~1.5 s内波沿传播方向传播距离为x=vt=10×1.5 m=15 m且15 m=3λ+3 m因此可知实曲线向左平移3个波长再加3 m得到虚线图线,则波沿x轴负方向传播(3)0~0.15 s 内波沿x 轴负方向传播距离为x=vt=10×0.15 m =1.5 m因此x=1.5 m 处的质点在t=0.15 s 的状态与x=3 m 处质点在t=0时刻状态相同,处于波谷位置坐标为(1.5,-14)(4)由于t=1 s =2.5 T在5 m 处质点经1 s 通过的路程为10个振幅,该质点经1 s 通过的路程为 s=10A=10×14 cm =140 cm14.(1)√2 (2)2√2×10-9 s (3)2.5×10-3 m [解析] (1)根据临界角与折射率的关系可得 n=1sinC=1sin45°=√2(2)光线在玻璃中的传播时间为t=2R v根据光在介质中的传播速度v=cn解得t=2√2×10-9 s(3)根据条纹间距与波长的关系可得Δx=ld λ=12×10-4×5×10-7 m =2.5×10-3 m15.(1)6mg (2)6mg (3)32√6gr[解析] (1)小球乙到达C 点时所受弹力为0,由牛顿第二定律可得mg=m v C 2r小球乙从A 点到C 点,由动能定理有-mg×2r=12mv C 2-12mv A 2小球乙在A 点,由牛顿第二定律可得F A -mg=m v A 2r联立解得F A =6mg(2)设小球乙在A 、C 两点的速度分别为v A '、v C ',对小球乙受力分析,在A 点,由牛顿第二定律有 F A '-mg=mv A '2r在C 点,由牛顿第二定律有 F C '+mg=m v 'C 2r小球乙从A 点到C 点,由动能定理有-mg×2r=12mv C '2-12mv A '2联立解得F'A -F'C =2mg+mv 'A 2r-m v 'C2r=6mg(3)小球乙离开C 点,由平抛运动规律可知,水平方向有2√2r=v C t 竖直方向有2r=12gt 2乙从A 点运动到C 点,由机械能守恒可得12m v 乙2=12m v C 2+mg 2r设甲与乙碰撞之前的速度为v 0,碰后甲、乙的速度分别为v 甲、v 乙,由系统动量守恒有m 2v 0=m2v 甲+mv 乙由动能守恒有12×m2v 02=12×m2v 甲2+12m v 乙2联立解得v 0=32√6gr章末素养测评(二)第二章 机械振动一、单项选择题1.关于简谐运动,下列说法正确的是 ( )A .位移的方向总指向平衡位置B .振幅是矢量,方向从平衡位置指向最大位移处C .回复力实际上就是向心力D .做简谐运动的物体,其频率固定,与振幅无关2.在敲响古刹里的大钟时,有的同学发现,停止对大钟的撞击后,大钟仍“余音未绝”,分析其原因是( ) A .大钟的回声 B .大钟在继续振动C .人的听觉发生“暂留”的缘故D .大钟虽停止振动,但空气仍在振动3.如图所示,质量为m 的物体A 放置在质量为M 的物体B 上,B 与弹簧相连,它们一起在光滑水平面上做简谐运动,振动过程中A 、B 之间无相对运动,设弹簧的劲度系数为k.当物体离开平衡位置的位移为x 时,A 、B 间摩擦力的大小等于( )A .0B .kxC .m MkxD .mM+m kx4.如图所示,一质点做简谐运动,O 点为平衡位置,先后以相同的速度依次通过M 、N 两点,历时1 s,质点通过N 点后再经过1 s 第2次通过N 点,在这2 s 内质点通过的总路程为12 cm,则质点的振动周期和振幅分别为( )A .3 s,6 cmB .4 s,6 cmC .4 s,9 cmD .2 s,8 cm5.[2022·杭州二中月考] 如图所示是半径很大的光滑凹球面的一部分,有一个小球第一次自A 点由静止开始滑下,到达最低点O 时的速度为v 1,用时为t 1;第二次自B 点由静止开始滑下,到达最低点O 时的速度为v 2,用时为t 2,下列关系正确的是( )A.t1=t2,v1>v2B.t1>t2,v1<v2C.t1<t2,v1>v2D.t1>t2,v1>v26.如图所示为两个单摆的振动图像,若两单摆所在位置的重力加速度相同,则它们的()A.摆球质量相等B.振幅相等C.摆长相等D.摆球同时改变速度方向7.[2022·浙江诸暨中学月考] 如图为某质点做简谐运动的图像,在0~1.5 s范围内,以下说法正确的是()A.该质点的振动周期为8 s,振幅为4 cmB.0.4 s与0.6 s,质点的加速度相同,速度也相同C.0.1 s与1.3 s,质点的回复力最大,动能最小D.0.1 s至0.5 s这段时间,质点的位移方向和速度方向都发生了改变二、多项选择题8.[2022·合肥一中月考] 一小球在平衡位置O点附近做简谐运动,若从第一次经过M点时开始计时,4 s末第三次到达M点,则该小球做简谐运动的周期可能是()A.1 sB.2 sC.3 sD.4 s9.[2022·厦门一中月考] 如图甲所示,弹簧振子以点O为平衡位置,在A、B两点之间做简谐运动.取向右为正方向,物块的位移x随时间t的变化如图乙所示,下列说法正确的是 ()A.t=0.8 s时,物块的速度方向向右B.t=0.2 s时,物块在O点右侧6√2cm处C.t=0.4 s和t=1.2 s时,物块的加速度完全相同D.t=0.4 s到t=0.8 s的时间内,物块的速度逐渐增大10.将一个力传感器接到计算机上,就可以测量快速变化的力,用这种方法测得的某单摆摆动时悬线上拉力的大小随时间变化的曲线如图所示.某同学由此图像提供的信息做出的下列判断中正确的是()A.t=0.2 s时摆球正经过最低点B.t=1.1 s时摆球正经过最低点C.摆球摆动过程中机械能不变D.摆球摆动的周期是T=1.2 s三、实验题11.(1)某同学在探究影响单摆周期的因素时有如下操作,请判断是否恰当(均选填“是”或“否”).①把单摆从平衡位置拉开约5°角释放:;②在摆球经过最低点时启动停表计时:;③用停表记录单摆一次全振动的时间作为周期:.(2)该同学改进测量方法后,得到的部分测量数据如下表所示.数据组编号摆长/mm摆球质量/g周期/s1999.332.22.02999.316.52.03799.232.21.84799.216.51.85501.132.21.46501.116.51.4用螺旋测微器测量其中一个摆球直径的示数如图所示,则该摆球的直径为mm.根据表中数据可以初步判断单摆周期随的增大而增大.12.某同学在“用单摆测定重力加速度”的实验中,测量5种不同摆长情况下单摆的振动周期,记录数据如下:摆长l/m0.50.80.91.01.2周期T/s 1.421.791.92.02.2T2/s22.023.23.614.04.84以l为横坐标,T2为纵坐标,在图中作出T2-l图像,利用此图线可求出重力加速度g=m/s2.四、计算题13.弹簧振子以O点为平衡位置,在B、C两点间做简谐运动,在t'=0时刻,振子从O、B间的P点以速度v 向B点运动;在t'=0.2 s时,振子速度第一次变为-v;在t'=0.6 s时,振子速度第二次变为v.B、C之间的距离为20 cm.(1)求弹簧振子振动周期T;(2)求振子在4.0 s内通过的路程;(3)取从O向B为正方向,振子从平衡位置向C运动开始计时,写出弹簧振子的位移表达式,并画出弹簧振子的振动图像.14.[2022·青岛二中期末] 有一单摆,在地球表面的周期为2 s,已知月球表面的重力加速度约为地球表面重(取g地=9.8 m/s2,结果均保留2位有效数字).力加速度的16(1)该单摆的摆长为多少?(2)若将该单摆置于月球表面,则其周期为多大?(3)若将摆长缩短为原来的1,则在月球表面时此摆的周期为多大?215.[2022·武汉二中期末] 如图所示,水平平台左段粗糙、右段光滑,平台右端墙壁固定一水平弹簧,弹簧劲度系数k=32 N/m,弹簧的自由长度恰好是光滑平台的长度,粗糙平台的长度L=4 m,质量m=1 kg的滑块在外力F=6 N作用下,由静止开始从粗糙平台一端运动,滑块与粗糙平台间的动摩擦因数μ=0.2,作用1 s后(m为撤去外力,滑块与弹簧相互作用时不粘连且在始终在弹性限度内,弹簧振子振动的周期公式T=2π√mk弹簧振子的质量,k为弹簧劲度系数),滑块可看成质点,g取10 m/s2,试求:(1)滑块与弹簧碰撞前瞬间速度大小v;(2)滑块运动的总时间t.章末素养测评(二)1.D[解析] 在简谐运动中位移方向总是背向平衡位置,故A错误;振幅是标量,只有大小,没有方向,故B 错误;回复力是指要使物体回到平衡位置,指向平衡位置的力,而向心力是物体做圆周运动时指向圆心的合力,两者是两回事,本质不同,故C错误;做简谐运动的物体的振动频率仅与物体本身有关,故D正确.2.B[解析] 停止对大钟的撞击后,大钟的振动不会立即停止,振动的能量不会凭空消失,它会再振动一段时间然后因为阻尼而停止,因此还会在空气中形成声波,这就是余音未绝的原因,故选B.3.D[解析] 对A、B整体,有kx=(M+m)a,对A,有F f=ma,联立解得F f=mM+mkx,故D正确.4.B[解析] 质点通过M、N两点时速度相同,说明M、N两点关于平衡位置对称,由时间的对称性可知,质点由N点到最大位移处与由M点到最大位移处的时间相等,都为t1=0.5 s,则T2=t MN+2t1=2 s,解得T=4 s,质点在这2 s内通过的路程恰为2A,即2A=12 cm,解得A=6 cm,故B正确.5.A[解析] 从A、B点均做单摆模型运动,由单摆周期公式T=2π√lg ,可得t1=T A4=π2√Rg,t2=T B4=π2√Rg,R为球面半径,故t1=t2;A点离平衡位置远些,高度差大,故从A点滚下到达平衡位置O时速度大,即v1>v2.故A正确,B、C、D错误.6.C[解析] 由x-t图像可知,两单摆振动周期相等,由T=2π√lg知,两单摆摆长一定相等,C正确;由x-t图像可知,两单摆的振动位移并不是同时达到最大值,故摆球速度方向不同时改变,D错误;由x-t图像可知,两单摆的振幅不相等,B错误;单摆的周期与摆球质量无关,故无法比较两摆球的质量,A错误.7.C[解析] 由简谐运动的图像可读出振动周期为0.8 s,振幅为4 cm,故A错误;0.4 s与0.6 s,质点的位移相同,但0.4 s沿正方向振动,0.6 s沿负方向振动,则两时刻质点的加速度相同,速度大小相等,方向相反,故B 错误;0.1 s与1.3 s,质点均在离开平衡位置位移最大的位置,由F=-kx可知回复力最大,动能最小,故C正确;0.1 s至0.5 s这段时间,质点从负的最大位移处到正的最大位移处,位移方向由负向变为正向,速度方向一直沿正向,速度方向没有改变,故D错误.8.BD[解析] 若小球的运动路线如图甲所示,则4 s振动1个周期,故振动的周期为T=4 s;若小球的运动路线如图乙所示,则4 s振动2个周期,故振动的周期为T=2 s,选项B、D正确.甲乙。
高中数学 模块综合测试(一)(含解析)新人教A版高二选修1-1数学试题
选修1-1模块综合测试(一)(时间120分钟 满分150分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分) 1.若命题p :∀x∈R,2x 2+1>0,则¬p 是( ) A .∀x ∈R,2x 2+1≤0 B .∃x ∈R,2x 2+1>0 C .∃x ∈R,2x 2+1<0 D .∃x ∈R,2x 2+1≤0 解析:¬p :∃x ∈R,2x 2+1≤0. 答案:D2.不等式x -1x>0成立的一个充分不必要条件是( )A. -1<x <0或x >1B. x <-1或0<x <1C. x >-1D. x >1解析:本题主要考查充要条件的概念、简单的不等式的解法.画出直线y =x 与双曲线y =1x 的图象,两图象的交点为(1,1)、(-1,-1),依图知x -1x>0⇔-1<x <0或x >1 (*),显然x >1⇒(*);但(*)x >1,故选D.答案:D3.[2014·某某模拟]命题“若a >b ,则a +1>b ”的逆否命题是( ) A .若a +1≤b ,则a >b B .若a +1<b ,则a >b C .若a +1≤b ,则a ≤b D .若a +1<b ,则a <b解析:“若a >b ,则a +1>b ”的逆否命题为“若a +1≤b ,则a ≤b ”,故选C. 答案:C4.[2014·某某省日照一中模考]下列命题中,为真命题的是( ) A. ∀x ∈R ,x 2-x -1>0B. ∀α,β∈R ,sin(α+β)<sin α+sin βC. 函数y =2sin(x +π5)的图象的一条对称轴是x =45πD. 若“∃x 0∈R ,x 20-ax 0+1≤0”为假命题,则a 的取值X 围为(-2,2)解析:本题主要考查命题的判定及其相关知识的理解.因为x 2-x -1=(x -12)2-54,所以A 错误;当α=β=0时,有sin(α+β)=sin α+sin β,所以B 错误;当x =4π5时,y =0,故C 错误;因为“∃x 0∈R ,x 20-ax 0+1≤0”为假命题,所以“∀x ∈R ,x 2-ax +1>0”为真命题,即Δ<0,即a 2-4<0,解得-2<a <2,即a 的取值X 围为(-2,2).故选D.答案:D5.已知△ABC 的顶点B 、C 在椭圆x 23+y 2=1上,顶点A 是椭圆的一个焦点,且椭圆的另外一个焦点在BC 边上,则△ABC 的周长是( )A .2 3B .6C .4 3D .12解析:设椭圆的另一焦点为F ,由椭圆的定义知 |BA |+|BF |=23,且|CF |+|AC |=23, 所以△ABC 的周长=|BA |+|BC |+|AC | =|BA |+|BF |+|CF |+|AC |=4 3. 答案:C6.过点(2,-2)与双曲线x 2-2y 2=2有公共渐近线的双曲线方程为( ) A.x 22-y 24=1 B.x 24-y 22=1 C.y 24-x 22=1 D. y 22-x 24=1解析:与双曲线x 22-y 2=1有公共渐近线方程的双曲线方程可设为x 22-y 2=λ,由过点(2,-2),可解得λ=-2. 所以所求的双曲线方程为y 22-x 24=1.答案:D7.若双曲线x 2a 2-y 2b2=1(a >0,b >0)的右支上到原点和右焦点距离相等的点有两个,则双曲线离心率的取值X 围是( )A .e > 2B .1<e < 2C .e >2D .1<e <2解析:由题意,以原点及右焦点为端点的线段的垂直平分线必与右支交于两个点,故c2>a ,∴c a>2.答案:C8.把一个周长为12 cm 的长方形围成一个圆柱,当圆柱的体积最大时,该圆柱的底面周长与高的比为( )A. 1∶πB. 2∶πC. 1∶2D. 2∶1解析:设圆柱高为x ,底面半径为r ,则r =6-x 2π,圆柱体积V =π(6-x 2π)2x =14π(x 3-12x 2+36x )(0<x <6),V ′=34π(x -2)(x -6). 当x =2时,V 最大.此时底面周长为6-x =4, (6-x )∶x =4∶2=2∶1. 答案:D9.设双曲线x 2a 2-y 2b2=1(a >0,b >0)的渐近线与抛物线y =x 2+1相切,则该双曲线的离心率等于( )A. 3 B .2 C. 5D. 6解析:双曲线x 2a 2-y 2b 2=1的渐近线方程为y =±b ax ,因为y =x 2+1与渐近线相切,故x2+1±bax =0只有一个实根,∴b 2a 2-4=0,∴c 2-a 2a 2=4, ∴c 2a2=5,∴e = 5. 答案:C10.[2014·某某五校联考]设函数f (x )=e x(sin x -cos x )(0≤x ≤2012π),则函数f (x )的各极小值之和为( )A. -e 2π1-e2012π1-e 2πB. -e 2π1-e1006π1-eπC. -e 2π1-e1006π1-e2πD. -e 2π1-e2010π1-e2π解析:f ′(x )=(e x)′(sin x -cos x )+e x(sin x -cos x )′=2e xsin x ,若f ′(x )<0,则x ∈(π+2k π,2π+2k π),k ∈Z ;若f ′(x )>0,则x ∈(2π+2k π,3π+2k π),k ∈Z .所以当x =2π+2k π,k ∈Z 时,f (x )取得极小值,其极小值为f (2π+2k π)=e2k π+2π[sin(2π+2k π)-cos(2π+2k π)]=e2k π+2π×(0-1)=-e2k π+2π,k ∈Z .因为0≤x ≤2012π,又在两个端点的函数值不是极小值,所以k ∈[0,1004],所以函数f (x )的各极小值构成以-e 2π为首项,以e 2π为公比的等比数列,共有1005项,故函数f (x )的各极小值之和为S 1005=-e 2π-e 4π-…-e2010π=e2π1-e2010π1-e2π.答案:D11.已知抛物线C :y 2=8x 的焦点为F ,准线与x 轴的交点为K ,点A 在C 上且|AK |=2|AF |,则△AFK 的面积为( )A .4B .8C .16D .32解析:∵抛物线C :y 2=8x 的焦点为F (2,0),准线为x =-2,∴K (-2,0). 设A (x 0,y 0),如下图所示,过点A 向准线作垂线,垂足为B ,则B (-2,y 0).∵|AK |=2|AF |,又|AF |=|AB |=x 0-(-2)=x 0+2, ∴由|BK |2=|AK |2-|AB |2,得y 20=(x 0+2)2, 即8x 0=(x 0+2)2,解得x 0=2,y 0=±4.∴△AFK 的面积为12|KF |·|y 0|=12×4×4=8,故选B.答案:B12.[2013·某某高考]如图,F 1、F 2是椭圆C 1:x 24+y 2=1与双曲线C 2的公共焦点,A 、B 分别是C 1、C 2在第二、四象限的公共点.若四边形AF 1BF 2为矩形,则C 2的离心率是( )A. 2B. 3C. 32D.62解析:本题考查椭圆、双曲线的定义和简单的几何性质.设双曲线的方程为x 2a 2-y 2b2=1(a >0,b >0) ①,点A 的坐标为(x 0,y 0).由题意a 2+b 2=3=c 2②,|OA |=|OF 1|=3,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 20+y 20=3x 20+4y 20=4,解得x 20=83,y 20=13,又点A 在双曲线C 2上,代入①得,83b 2-13a 2=a 2b2③,联立②③解得a =2,所以e =c a =62,故选D. 答案:D二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.函数y =13ax 3-12ax 2(a ≠0)在区间(0,1)上是增函数,则实数a 的取值X 围是________.解析:y ′=ax 2-ax =ax (x -1),∵x ∈(0,1),y ′>0,∴a <0. 答案:a <014.已知命题p :∃x ∈R ,x 2+2ax +a ≤0,若命题p 是假命题,则实数a 的取值X 围是__________.解析:p 是假命题,则¬p 为真命题,¬p 为:∀x ∈R ,x 2+2ax +a >0,所以有Δ=4a 2-4a <0,即0<a <1.答案:(0,1)15.[2014·某某质检]已知a ∈R ,若实数x ,y 满足y =-x 2+3ln x ,则(a -x )2+(a +2-y )2的最小值是________.解析:(a -x )2+(a +2-y )2≥x -a +a +2-y22=x +x 2-3ln x +222.设g (x )=x+x 2-3ln x (x >0),则g ′(x )=1+2x -3x=2x +3x -1x,易知g (x )在(0,1)上为减函数,在(1,+∞)上为增函数,故g (x )≥g (1)=2,(a -x )2+(a +2-y )2≥2+222=8.答案:816.[2013·某某省某某一中月考]F 1、F 2分别是双曲线x 216-y 29=1的左、右焦点,P 为双曲线右支上一点,I 是△PF 1F 2的内心,且S △IPF 2=S △IPF 1-λS △IF 1F 2,则λ=________.解析:本题主要考查双曲线定义及标准方程的应用.设△PF 1F 2内切圆的半径为r ,则S △IPF 2=S △IPF 1-λS △IF 1F 2⇒12×|PF 2|×r =12×|PF 1|×r -12λ×|F 1F 2|×r ⇒|PF 1|-|PF 2|=λ|F 1F 2|,根据双曲线的标准方程知2a =λ·2c ,∴λ=a c =45.答案:45三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分)17.(10分)已知全集U =R ,非空集合A ={x |x -2x -3<0},B ={x |(x -a )(x -a 2-2)<0}.命题p :x ∈A ,命题q :x ∈B .(1)当a =12时,p 是q 的什么条件?(2)若q 是p 的必要条件,某某数a 的取值X 围. 解:(1)A ={x |x -2x -3<0}={x |2<x <3}, 当a =12时,B ={x |12<x <94},故p 是q 的既不充分也不必要条件.(2)若q 是p 的必要条件,即p ⇒q ,可知A ⊆B , 由a 2+2>a ,故B ={a |a <x <a 2+2},∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a ≤2a 2+2≥3,解得a ≤-1或1≤a ≤2.18.(12分)已知c >0,设p :y =c x为减函数;q :函数f (x )=x +1x >1c 在x ∈[12,2]上恒成立,若“p ∨q ”为真命题,“p ∧q ”为假命题,求c 的取值X 围.解:由y =c x为减函数,得0<c <1.当x ∈[12,2]时,由不等式x +1x ≥2(x =1时取等号)知:f (x )=x +1x 在[12,2]上的最小值为2,若q 真,则1c <2,即c >12.若p 真q 假,则0<c <1且c ≤12,所以0<c ≤12.若p 假q 真,则c ≥1且c >12,所以c ≥1.综上:c ∈(0,12]∪[1,+∞).19.(12分)[2014·海淀期末]已知函数f (x )=(x +a )e x,其中a 为常数. (1)若函数f (x )是区间[-3,+∞)上的增函数,某某数a 的取值X 围; (2)若f (x )≥e 2在x ∈[0,2]时恒成立,某某数a 的取值X 围. 解:(1)f ′(x )=(x +a +1)e x,x ∈R .因为函数f (x )是区间[-3,+∞)上的增函数,所以f ′(x )≥0,即x +a +1≥0在[-3,+∞)上恒成立. 因为y =x +a +1是增函数,所以满足题意只需-3+a +1≥0,即a ≥2. (2)令f ′(x )=0,解得x =-a -1,f (x ),f ′(x )的变化情况如下:f (0)≥e 2,解得a ≥e 2,所以此时a ≥e 2;②当0<-a -1<2,即-3<a <-1时,f (x )在[0,2]上的最小值为f (-a -1), 若满足题意只需f (-a -1)≥e 2,求解可得此不等式无解, 所以a 不存在;③当-a -1≥2,即a ≤-3时,f (x )在[0,2]上的最小值为f (2),若满足题意只需f (2)≥e 2,解得a ≥-1,所以此时a 不存在.综上讨论,所某某数a 的取值X 围为[e 2,+∞).20.(12分)已知椭圆x 29+y 25=1,F 1、F 2分别是椭圆的左、右焦点,点A (1,1)为椭圆内一点,点P 为椭圆上一点.求|PA |+|PF 1|的最大值.解:由椭圆的定义知|PF 1|+|PF 2|=2a =6, 所以|PF 1|=6-|PF 2|,这样|PA |+|PF 1|=6+|PA |-|PF 2|.求|PA |+|PF 1|的最大值问题转化为6+|PA |-|PF 2|的最大值问题, 即求|PA |-|PF 2|的最大值问题, 如图在△PAF 2中,两边之差小于第三边,即|PA |-|PF 2|<|AF 2|,连接AF 2并延长交椭圆于P ′点时, 此时|P ′A |-|P ′F 2|=|AF 2|达到最大值, 易求|AF 2|=2,这样|PA |-|PF 2|的最大值为2, 故|PA |+|PF 1|的最大值为6+ 2.21.(12分)已知椭圆M 的对称轴为坐标轴,且抛物线x 2=-42y 的焦点是椭圆M 的一个焦点,又点A (1,2)在椭圆M 上.(1)求椭圆M 的方程;(2)已知直线l 的方向向量为(1,2),若直线l 与椭圆M 交于B 、C 两点,求△ABC 面积的最大值.解:(1)由已知抛物线的焦点为(0,-2),故设椭圆方程为y 2a 2+x 2a 2-2=1.将点A (1,2)代入方程得2a 2+1a 2-2=1,整理得a 4-5a 2+4=0,解得a 2=4或a 2=1(舍去). 故所求椭圆方程为y 24+x 22=1.(2)设直线BC 的方程为y =2x +m , 设B (x 1,y 1),C (x 2,y 2),代入椭圆方程并化简得4x 2+22mx +m 2-4=0, 由Δ=8m 2-16(m 2-4)=8(8-m 2)>0, 可得m 2<8.由x 1+x 2=-22m ,x 1x 2=m 2-44,故|BC |=3|x 1-x 2|=3×16-2m22.又点A 到BC 的距离为d =|m |3,故S △ABC =12|BC |·d =m216-2m24≤142×2m 2+16-2m22= 2.因此△ABC 面积的最大值为 2.22.(12分)[2014·某某质检]已知函数f (x )=x -1+ae x (a ∈R ,e 为自然对数的底数).(1)若曲线y =f (x )在点(1,f (1))处的切线平行于x 轴,求a 的值; (2)求函数f (x )的极值;(3)当a =1时,若直线l :y =kx -1与曲线y =f (x )没有公共点,求k 的最大值. 解:(1)由f (x )=x -1+a e x ,得f ′(x )=1-aex ,又曲线y =f (x )在点(1,f (1))处的切线平行于x 轴,所以f ′(1)=0,即1-ae =0,解之得a =e.(2)f ′(x )=1-aex ,①当a ≤0时,f ′(x )>0,f (x )为(-∞,+∞)上的增函数,所以函数f (x )无极值. ②当a >0时,令f ′(x )=0,得e x=a ,x =ln a .当x ∈(-∞,ln a )时,f ′(x )<0;当x ∈(ln a ,+∞)时,f ′(x )>0, 所以f (x )在(-∞,ln a )上单调递减,在(ln a ,+∞)上单调递增, 故f (x )在x =ln a 处取得极小值,且极小值为f (ln a )=ln a ,无极大值.综上,当a ≤0时,函数f (x )无极值;当a >0时,f (x )在x =ln a 处取得极小值ln a ,无极大值.(3)当a =1时,f (x )=x -1+1e x .令g (x )=f (x )-(kx -1)=(1-k )x +1ex ,则直线l :y =kx -1与曲线y =f (x )没有公共点,等价于方程g (x )=0在R 上没有实数解.当k >1时,g (0)=1>0,g (1k -1)=-1+1e 1k -1<0, 又函数g (x )的图象在定义域R 上连续,由零点存在定理,可知g (x )=0至少有一实数解,与“方程g (x )=0在R 上没有实数解”矛盾,故k ≤1.当k =1时,g (x )=1e x >0,知方程g (x )=0在R 上没有实数解.所以k 的最大值为1.。
高中生物 模块综合测评试题(一)(含解析)新人教版必修第一册.-新人教版高中第一册生物试题
模块综合测评试题(一)一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.下列几种生物中,细胞内没有核膜的是( )①幽门螺旋菌②大肠杆菌③颤藻④酵母菌⑤曲霉⑥草履虫⑦衣藻A.①②⑥⑦ B.③④⑤C.④⑤⑥⑦ D.①②③2.噬藻体是一种能感染蓝细菌的病毒。
它能在蓝细菌细胞中增殖,产生许多子代噬藻体。
下列关于该病毒的叙述,正确的是( )A.组成噬藻体和蓝细菌的各种化学元素的含量基本相同B.噬藻体的核酸中只有4种核苷酸C.噬藻体和蓝细菌共有的细胞器是核糖体D.组成噬藻体和蓝细菌的化合物的种类基本相同3.下列哪组糖类物质能与①②③中的叙述依次对应( )①存在于RNA中而不存在于DNA中的糖类②存在于动物细胞中而不存在于植物细胞中的多糖③存在于植物细胞中而不存在于动物细胞中的多糖A.核糖、脱氧核糖、淀粉 B.核糖、糖原、葡萄糖C.核糖、糖原、纤维素 D.脱氧核糖、淀粉、糖原4.下列关于人体中蛋白质功能的叙述,错误的是( )A.浆细胞产生的抗体可结合相应的病毒抗原B.肌细胞中的某些蛋白质参与肌肉收缩的过程C.蛋白质结合Mg2+形成的血红蛋白参与O2运输D.细胞核中某些蛋白质是染色体的重要组成成分5.某同学以新鲜洋葱鳞片叶内表皮为材料,经过处理和染色剂染色后,用高倍显微镜观察。
下列描述正确的是( )A.经吡罗红甲基绿染色,可观察到红色的细胞核B.经吡罗红甲基绿染色,可观察到绿色的细胞质C.经甲基绿染色,可观察到绿色的细胞核D.经苏丹Ⅲ染色,可观察到橘黄色颗粒状的蛋白质6.下列关于生物体内水和无机盐的说法,正确的是( )A.水和无机盐是细胞中的能源物质B.哺乳动物血液中Ca2+含量过多会引起抽搐C.水和无机盐对维持生物体的生命活动有重要作用D.处于不同发育期的生物体,含水量基本一样7.细胞膜像“海关”,保护细胞不容易受病毒等的侵害。
细胞膜属于生物膜。
下列关于生物膜结构和功能的叙述,正确的是( )A.核膜上的核孔可以让葡萄糖、氨基酸和核苷酸自由进出B.小肠黏膜吸收葡萄糖体现了生物膜的流动性C.分泌蛋白合成越旺盛的细胞,其高尔基体膜成分的更新速度越快D.某种RNA与游离核糖体的结合必须依赖生物膜的流动性才能完成8.把蚕豆植株放在湿润的空气中照光一段时间后,取蚕豆叶下表皮制作临时装片,先在清水中观察,然后用质量浓度为0.3 g/mL的蔗糖溶液取代清水,继续观察,结果如图所示。
2021_2022学年新教材高中英语模块综合检测1含解析北师大版必修第二册
模块综合检测(一),满分37.5分)A“Funny”,a madeinChina emoji,seems to have recently moved beyond China.Now,it is more than an emoji,but a cultural expansion.Reaching Global MarketsA se ries of “funny” emojibased bolsters (抱枕) have attracted the attention of Japanese customers.Even if one bolster is more than three times as expensive as in China,it doesn't kill their desires to buy it.One Japanese customer Miki said,“They are just so cute and I bought three bolsters at one time for my family.And every time I see them,my mood just brightens suddenly.”A Japanese netizen Kiro Kara said,“I think the emoji implies very plicated meanings.My dad will send it when he doesn't agree with someone but he has to say something and behave politely.”Addition to Domestic Social Mediapared with Japanese impressions of the “funny” emoji,Chinese netizens prefer to use emoji to tease one another on social media.One monly seen online ment is,“We strongly suggest stopping the usage of the emoji.Because every time other people send me the emoji,I feel very unfortable and consider myself as a fool.”Regarded as the most popular emoji,the “funny” emoji has received much attention since its release in 2013.In fact,the “funny” emoji is the updated version of its original one; “funny” has a s miley mouth,two eyebrows and a naughty look.All these characteristics present users a sense of satire (讽刺).In Everyday Use AbroadIt's not the first time the Chinese emoji takes the world stage.Earlier this year,one emoji from the Chinese basketball celebrity Yao Ming has been spread through the Middle East region.In a city in southern Egypt,Yao's smiling emoji has appeared frequently in local traffic signs to remind people the road ahead is oneway.Many locals do not know Yao Ming but are familiar with hi s emoji and nickname “Chinese Funny Face”.As a new online language,emojis have bee a necessary part of people's daily life,helping people express their views in a more vivid and precise way.Also,it can help foreigners learn about Chinese culture.But how to properly use “the fifth innovationin China” without hurting others and turn them into mercial advantages still need answers.【语篇解读】文章向我们介绍了中国表情符号因风靡各国而传播了中国文化。
高中数学模块综合测评(一)(含解析)新人教A版选修1_2
模块综合测评(一)(时间120分钟,满分150分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.(2015·湖北高考)i为虚数单位,i607的共轭复数....为( )A.i B.-iC.1 D.-1【解析】因为i607=i4×151+3=i3=-i,所以其共轭复数为i,故选A.【答案】 A2.根据二分法求方程x2-2=0的根得到的程序框图可称为( )A.工序流程图B.程序流程图C.知识结构图D.组织结构图【解析】由于该框图是动态的且可以通过计算机来完成,故该程序框图称为程序流程图.【答案】 B3.利用独立性检测来考查两个分类变量X,Y是否有关系,当随机变量K2的值( )【导学号:19220070】A.越大,“X与Y有关系”成立的可能性越大B.越大,“X与Y有关系”成立的可能性越小C.越小,“X与Y有关系”成立的可能性越大D.与“X与Y有关系”成立的可能性无关【解析】由K2的意义可知,K2越大,说明X与Y有关系的可能性越大.【答案】 A4.(2016·安庆高二检测)用反证法证明命题“a,b∈N,如果ab可被5整除”,那么a,b至少有一个能被5整除.则假设的内容是( )A.a,b都能被5整除B.a,b都不能被5整除C.a不能被5整除D.a,b有一个不能被5整除【解析】“至少有一个”的否定为“一个也没有”,故应假设“a,b都不能被5整除”.【答案】 B5.有一段演绎推理是这样的“有些有理数是真分数,整数是有理数,则整数是真分数”结论显然是错误的,是因为( )A .大前提错误B .小前提错误C .推理形式错误D .非以上错误【解析】 一般的演绎推理是三段论推理:大前提——已知的一般原理;小前提——所研究的特殊情况;结论——根据一般原理对特殊情况作出的判断.此题的推理不符合上述特征,故选C.【答案】 C6.(2015·安徽高考)设i 是虚数单位,则复数2i1-i在复平面内所对应的点位于( ) A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象限 D .第四象限 【解析】2i1-i=2i 1+i 1-i 1+i=2i -12=-1+i ,由复数的几何意义知-1+i 在复平面内的对应点为(-1,1),该点位于第二象限,故选B.【答案】 B7.(2016·深圳高二检测)在两个变量的回归分析中,作散点图是为了( ) A .直接求出回归直线方程 B .直接求出回归方程C .根据经验选定回归方程的类型D .估计回归方程的参数【解析】 散点图的作用在于判断两个变量更近似于什么样的函数关系,便于选择合适的函数模型.【答案】 C8.给出下面类比推理:①“若2a <2b ,则a <b ”类比推出“若a 2<b 2,则a <b ”; ②“(a +b )c =ac +bc (c ≠0)”类比推出“a +bc =a c +bc(c ≠0)”; ③“a ,b ∈R ,若a -b =0,则a =b ”类比推出“a ,b ∈C ,若a -b =0,则a =b ”; ④“a ,b ∈R ,若a -b >0,则a >b ”类比推出“a ,b ∈C ,若a -b >0,则a >b (C 为复数集)”.其中结论正确的个数为( ) A .1 B .2 C .3D .4【解析】 ①显然是错误的;因为复数不能比较大小,所以④错误,②③正确,故选B.【答案】 B9.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)执行如图1的程序框图,如果输入的t =0.01,则输出的n =( )图1A .5B .6C .7D .8【解析】 运行第一次:S =1-12=12=0.5,m =0.25,n =1,S >0.01;运行第二次:S =0.5-0.25=0.25,m =0.125,n =2,S >0.01; 运行第三次:S =0.25-0.125=0.125,m =0.062 5,n =3,S >0.01; 运行第四次:S =0.125-0.062 5=0.062 5,m =0.031 25,n =4,S >0.01; 运行第五次:S =0.031 25,m =0.015 625,n =5,S >0.01; 运行第六次:S =0.015 625,m =0.007 812 5,n =6,S >0.01; 运行第七次:S =0.007 812 5,m =0.003 906 25,n =7,S <0.01. 输出n =7.故选C. 【答案】 C10.已知a 1=3,a 2=6,且a n +2=a n +1-a n ,则a 33为( ) A .3 B .-3 C .6D .-6【解析】 a 1=3,a 2=6,a 3=a 2-a 1=3,a 4=a 3-a 2=-3,a 5=a 4-a 3=-6,a 6=a 5-a 4=-3,a 7=a 6-a 5=3,a 8=a 7-a 6=6,…观察可知{a n }是周期为6的周期数列,故a 33=a 3=3. 【答案】 A11.(2016·青岛高二检测)下列推理合理的是( ) A .f (x )是增函数,则f ′(x )>0B .因为a >b (a ,b ∈R ),则a +2i >b +2i(i 是虚数单位)C .α,β是锐角△ABC 的两个内角,则sin α>cos βD .A 是三角形ABC 的内角,若cos A >0,则此三角形为锐角三角形【解析】 A 不正确,若f (x )是增函数,则f ′(x )≥0;B 不正确,复数不能比较大小;C 正确,∵α+β>π2,∴α>π2-β,∴sin α>cos β;D 不正确,只有cos A >0,cos B >0,cos C >0,才能说明此三角形为锐角三角形.【答案】 C12.有人收集了春节期间平均气温x 与某取暖商品销售额y 的有关数据如下表:根据以上数据,用线性回归的方法,求得销售额y 与平均气温x 之间线性回归方程y ^=b ^x +a ^的系数b ^=-2.4,则预测平均气温为-8℃时该商品销售额为( )A .34.6万元B .35.6万元C .36.6万元D .37.6万元【解析】 x =-2-3-5-64=-4,y =20+23+27+304=25,所以这组数据的样本中心点是(-4,25). 因为b ^=-2.4,把样本中心点代入线性回归方程得a ^=15.4, 所以线性回归方程为y ^=-2.4x +15.4. 当x =-8时,y =34.6.故选A. 【答案】 A二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.将答案填在题中的横线上.) 13.已知复数z =m 2(1+i)-m (m +i)(m ∈R ),若z 是实数,则m 的值为________.【导学号:19220071】【解析】 z =m 2+m 2i -m 2-m i =(m 2-m )i , ∴m 2-m =0, ∴m =0或1. 【答案】 0或114.某电视台在一次对收看文艺节目和新闻节目观众的抽样调查中,随机抽取了100名电视观众,相关的数据如下表所示:“否”).【解析】 因为在20至40岁的58名观众中有18名观众收看新闻节目,而大于40岁的42名观众中有27名观众收看新闻节目,即ba +b =1858,dc +d =2742,两者相差较大,所以经直观分析,收看新闻节目的观众与年龄是有关的.【答案】 是15.(2016·天津一中检测)观察下列等式:13+23=32,13+23+33=62,13+23+33+43=102,…,根据上述规律,第五个等式为________.【解析】 已知等式可改写为:13+23=(1+2)2;13+23+33=(1+2+3)2;13+23+33+43=(1+2+3+4)2,由此可得第五个等式为13+23+33+43+53+63=(1+2+3+4+5+6)2=212. 【答案】 13+23+33+43+53+63=21216.(2016·江西吉安高二检测)已知等差数列{a n }中,有a 11+a 12+…+a 2010=a 1+a 2+…+a 3030,则在等比数列{b n }中,会有类似的结论________.【解析】 由等比数列的性质可知,b 1b 30=b 2b 29=…=b 11b 20, ∴10b 11b 12…b 20=30b 1b 2…b 30.【答案】 10b 11b 12…b 20=30b 1b 2…b 30三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.(本小题满分10分)(2016·哈三中模拟)设z =1-4i1+i +2+4i3+4i,求|z |.【解】 z =1+i -4i +4+2+4i 3+4i =7+i 3+4i ,∴|z |=|7+i||3+4i|=525= 2.18.(本小题满分12分)我校学生会有如下部门:文娱部、体育部、宣传部、生活部、学习部.请画出学生会的组织结构图.【解】 学生会的组织结构图如图.19.(本小题满分12分)给出如下列联表:患心脏病 患其他病 总计 高血压 20 10 30 不高血压 30 50 80 总计5060110(参考数据:P (K 2≥6.635)=0.010,P (K 2≥7.879)=0.005) 【解】 由列联表中数据可得 k =110×20×50-10×30230×80×50×60≈7.486.又P (K 2≥6.635)=0.010,所以在犯错误的概率不超过0.010的前提下,认为高血压与患心脏病有关系. 20.(本小题满分12分)已知非零实数a ,b ,c 构成公差不为0的等差数列,求证:1a,1b ,1c不能构成等差数列.【导学号:19220072】【证明】 假设1a ,1b ,1c 能构成等差数列,则2b =1a +1c,因此b (a +c )=2ac .而由于a ,b ,c 构成等差数列,且公差d ≠0,可得2b =a +c , ∴(a +c )2=4ac ,即(a -c )2=0,于是得a =b =c , 这与a ,b ,c 构成公差不为0的等差数列矛盾. 故假设不成立,即1a ,1b ,1c不能构成等差数列.21.(本小题满分12分)已知a 2+b 2=1,x 2+y 2=1,求证:ax +by ≤1(分别用综合法、分析法证明).【证明】 综合法:∵2ax ≤a 2+x 2,2by ≤b 2+y 2, ∴2(ax +by )≤(a 2+b 2)+(x 2+y 2). 又∵a 2+b 2=1,x 2+y 2=1, ∴2(ax +by )≤2,∴ax +by ≤1. 分析法:要证ax +by ≤1成立, 只要证1-(ax +by )≥0, 只要证2-2ax -2by ≥0, 又∵a 2+b 2=1,x 2+y 2=1,∴只要证a 2+b 2+x 2+y 2-2ax -2by ≥0, 即证(a -x )2+(b -y )2≥0,显然成立.22.(本小题满分12分)某班5名学生的数学和物理成绩如下表:(2)求物理成绩y 对数学成绩x 的回归直线方程; (3)一名学生的数学成绩是96,试预测他的物理成绩. 附:回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘法估计公式分别为:b ^=∑i =1nx i y i -n x -y-∑i =1nx 2i -n x 2,a ^=y -b ^x -.【解】 (1)散点图如图,(2)x =15×(88+76+73+66+63)=73.2,y =15×(78+65+71+64+61)=67.8.∑i =15x i y i =88×78+76×65+73×71+66×64+63×61=25 054.∑i =15x 2i =882+762+732+662+632=27 174. 所以b ^=∑i =15x i y i -5x -y-∑i =15x 2i -5x -2=25 054-5×73.2×67.827 174-5×73.22≈0.625.a ^=y -b ^x -≈67.8-0.625×73.2=22.05. 所以y 对x 的回归直线方程是y ^=0.625x +22.05.(3)x =96,则y ^=0.625×96+22.05≈82,即可以预测他的物理成绩是82分.。
2024_2025学年新教材高中化学模块综合测评含解析鲁科版选择性必修1
模块综合测评(时间:90分钟,满分:100分)一、选择题(本题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)反应过程中能量变更如图所示(图中E1表示正反应的活化能,E2表示逆反应的活化能)。
下列有关叙述正确的是 ( )A.该反应为吸热反应B.上升温度,不影响活化分子的百分数C.运用催化剂使该反应的反应热发生变更D.E1-E2=ΔHD[依据图像可知,反应物总能量高于反应产物总能量,该反应为放热反应,故A错误;上升温度,活化分子百分数增大,单位体积内的活化分子数增大,反应速率增大,故B错误;催化剂只变更反应的活化能,对反应的始态和终态无影响,则反应的焓变不变,故C错误;ΔH=断键汲取的能量-成键放出的能量=E1-E2,故D正确。
]2.下列图示与对应的叙述不相符合的是( )甲乙丙丁A.图甲表示燃料燃烧反应的能量变更B.图乙表示酶催化反应的反应速率随反应温度的变更C.图丙表示弱电解质在水中建立电离平衡的过程D.图丁表示强碱滴定强酸的滴定曲线A[A项中,燃料燃烧反应为放热反应,反应物的总能量高,生成物的总能量低,A不符合;B项中,酶催化反应的反应速率在合适的温度时,催化效率最高,B符合;C项中,弱电解质的电离是可逆过程,C符合;D项中,强碱滴定强酸溶液过程中,pH是渐渐增大的,D符合。
]3.下列关于金属腐蚀和防腐的说法中错误的是 ( )A.可以在船舶外壳装上锌块,用牺牲阳极的阴极爱护法防止金属腐蚀B.海上舰艇的腐蚀主要为金属的化学腐蚀C.刷防锈漆,使金属与空气、水等物质隔离,可防止金属被腐蚀D.外加电流,须要爱护的金属作阴极,可以起到爱护金属的作用B[船舶外壳装上锌块,因锌比铁活泼,因此构成原电池时,锌作负极,铁作正极,铁被爱护,此方法为牺牲阳极的阴极爱护法,故A正确;海上舰艇的腐蚀主要为电化学腐蚀,故B错误;防锈漆可以避开金属与空气、水的接触,防止金属被腐蚀,故C正确;依据电解原理,被爱护的金属作阴极,金属本身不参加反应,可以防止被腐蚀,此方法为外加电流的阴极爱护法,故D正确。
2021-2022学年人教版高中数学必修二教材用书:模块综合检测(一) Word版含答案
模块综合检测(一)(时间120分钟,满分150分)一、选择题(共10小题,每小题6分,共60分)1.一个长方体去掉一个小长方体,所得几何体的正视图与侧视图分别如图所示,则该几何体的俯视图为()答案:C2.如图是一个几何体的三视图,其中正视图和侧视图都是一个两底长分别为2和4,腰长为4的等腰梯形,则该几何体的侧面积是()A.6πB.12πC.18π D.24π答案:B3.一个正方体的顶点都在球面上,它的棱长为2 cm,则球的表面积是()A.8π cm2B.12π cm2C.2π cm2D.20π cm2答案:B4.已知高为3的直棱柱ABC-A′B′C′的底面是边长为1的正三角形(如图所示),则三棱锥B′-ABC 的体积为()A.14 B.12C.36 D.34答案:D5.已知直线l1经过两点(-1,-2),(-1,4),直线l2经过两点(2,1),(x,6),且l1∥l2,则等于() A.2 B.-2C.4 D.1答案:A6.一个底面是正三角形的三棱柱的正视图如图所示,则其体积等于()A.6 B.2C. 3 D.2 3答案:C7.当0<r≤8时,两圆x2+y2=9与(x-3)2+(y-4)2=r2的位置关系为()A.相交B.相切C.相交或相切D.相交、相切或相离答案:D8.过点(0,-1)的直线l与半圆C:x2+y2-4x+3=0(y≥0)有且只有一个交点,则直线l的斜率k的取值范围为()A.⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫kk=0或k=43B.⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫k13≤k<1C.⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫kk=43或13≤k<1D.⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫kk=43或13≤k≤1答案:C9.在四周体A-BCD中,棱AB,AC,AD两两相互垂直,则顶点A在底面BCD上的投影H为△BCD的()A.垂心B.重心C.外心D.内心答案:A10.过直线y=x上的一点作圆(x-5)2+(y-1)2=2的两条切线l1,l2,当直线l1,l2关于y=x对称时,它们之间的夹角为()A.30°B.45°C.60°D.90°答案:C二、填空题(共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)11.已知某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为________.答案:12π12.已知平面α,β和直线m,给出条件:①m∥α;②m⊥α;③m⊂α;④α⊥β;⑤α∥β.(1)当满足条件________时,有m∥β;(2)当满足条件________时,有m⊥β.(填所选条件的序号)答案:(1)③⑤(2)②⑤13.如图,将边长为1的正方形ABCD沿对角线AC折起,使得平面ADC⊥平面ABC,在折起后形成的三棱锥D-ABC中,给出下列三种说法:①△DBC是等边三角形;②AC⊥BD;③三棱锥D-ABC 的体积是2 6.其中正确的序号是________(写出全部正确说法的序号).答案:①②14.已知直线l经过点P(-4,-3),且被圆(x+1)2+(y+2)2=25截得的弦长为8,则直线l的方程是________.答案:4x+3y+25=0或x=-4三、解答题(共6小题,共70分,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)15.(本小题满分10分)已知圆C:x2+y2-8y+12=0,直线l经过点D(-2,0),且斜率为k.(1)求以线段CD为直径的圆E的方程;(2)若直线l与圆C相离,求k的取值范围.解:(1)将圆C的方程x2+y2-8y+12=0配方得标准方程为x2+(y-4)2=4,则此圆的圆心为C(0,4),半径为2.所以CD的中点E(-1,2),|CD|=22+42=25,所以r=5,故所求圆E的方程为(x+1)2+(y-2)2=5.(2)直线l的方程为y-0=k(x+2),即kx-y+2k=0.若直线l与圆C相离,则有圆心C到直线l的距离|0-4+2k|k2+1>2,解得k<34.所以k的取值范围为⎝⎛⎭⎫-∞,34.16.(本小题满分12分)某几何体的三视图如图所示,P是正方形ABCD对角线的交点,G是PB的中点.(1)依据三视图,画出该几何体的直观图.(2)在直观图中,①证明:PD∥平面AGC;②证明:平面PBD⊥平面AGC.解:(1)该几何体的直观图如图①所示.(2)证明:如图②.①连接AC,BD交于点O,连接OG,由于G为PB的中点,O 为BD的中点,所以OG∥PD.又OG⊂平面AGC,PD⊄平面AGC,所以PD∥平面AGC.②连接PO,由三视图,PO⊥平面ABCD,所以AO⊥PO.又AO⊥BO,BO∩PO=O,所以AO ⊥平面PBD .由于AO ⊂平面AGC ,所以平面PBD ⊥平面AGC .17.(本小题满分12分)已知点P (2,0),及圆C :x 2+y 2-6x +4y +4=0. (1)当直线l 过点P 且与圆心C 的距离为1时,求直线l 的方程;(2)设过点P 的直线与圆C 交于A 、B 两点,当|AB |=4时,求以线段AB 为直径的圆的方程. 解:(1)当直线l 的斜率存在时,设直线l 的斜率为k ,则方程为y -0=k (x -2), 又圆C 的圆心为(3,-2),r =3,由|3k -2k +2|k 2+1=1⇒k =-34.所以直线l 的方程为y =-34(x -2),即3x +4y -6=0,当k 不存在时,l 的方程为x =2,符合题意. (2)由弦心距d = r 2-⎝⎛⎭⎫|AB |22=5,又|CP |=5,知P 为AB 的中点,故以AB 为直径的圆的方程为(x-2)2+y 2=4.18.(本小题满分12分)多面体P -ABCD 的直观图及三视图如图所示,其中正视图、侧视图是等腰直角三角形,俯视图是正方形,E 、F 、G 分别为PC 、PD 、BC 的中点.(1)求证:PA ∥平面EFG ; (2)求三棱锥P -EFG 的体积.解:(1)法一:如图,取AD 的中点H ,连结GH ,FH . ∵E ,F 分别为PC ,PD 的中点,∴EF ∥CD . ∵G 、H 分别为BC 、AD 的中点,∴GH ∥CD . ∴EF ∥GH .∴E ,F ,H ,G 四点共面.∵F ,H 分别为DP 、DA 的中点,∴PA ∥FH .∵PA ⊄平面EFG ,FH ⊂平面EFG , ∴PA ∥平面EFG .法二:∵E ,F ,G 分别为PC ,PD ,BC 的中点. ∴EF ∥CD ,EG ∥PB . ∵CD ∥AB , ∴EF ∥AB .∵PB ∩AB =B ,EF ∩EG =E , ∴平面EFG ∥平面PAB . ∵PA ⊂平面PAB , ∴PA ∥平面EFG .(2)由三视图可知,PD ⊥平面ABCD , 又∵GC ⊂平面ABCD , ∴GC ⊥PD .∵四边形ABCD 为正方形, ∴GC ⊥CD . ∵PD ∩CD =D ,∴GC ⊥平面PCD .∵PF =12PD =1,EF =12CD =1,∴S △PEF =12EF ·PF =12.∵GC =12BC =1,∴V P -EFG =V G -PEF =13S △PEF ·GC =13×12×1=16.19.(本小题满分12分)已知圆C :x 2+(y -a )2=4,点A (1,0).(1)当过点A 的圆C 的切线存在时,求实数a 的取值范围; (2)设AM ,AN 为圆C 的两条切线,M ,N 为切点,当MN =455时,求MN 所在直线的方程. 解:(1)过点A 的切线存在,即点A 在圆外或圆上, ∴1+a 2≥4,∴a ≥ 3或a ≤- 3.即实数a 的取值范围是(-∞,-3]∪[3,+∞).(2)如图所示,设MN 与AC 交于点D . ∵MN =455,∴DM =255.又MC =2,∴CD =4-45=455. ∴cos ∠MCA =4552=255,∴AC =2255=5,OC =2,AM =1,MN 是以A 为圆心,半径AM =1的圆A 与圆C 的公共弦,圆A 的方程为(x -1)2+y 2=1, 圆C 的方程为x 2+(y -2)2=4或x 2+(y +2)2=4,∴MN 所在直线方程为(x -1)2+y 2-1-x 2-(y -2)2+4=0,即x -2y =0,或(x -1)2+y 2-1-x 2-(y +2)2+4=0,即x +2y =0.因此,MN 所在的直线方程为x -2y =0或x +2y =0.20.(本小题满分12分)(四川高考)如图,在四棱锥P -ABCD 中,PA ⊥CD ,AD ∥BC ,∠ADC =∠PAB =90°,BC =CD =12AD .(1)在平面PAD 内找一点M ,使得直线CM ∥平面PAB ,并说明理由;(2)证明:平面PAB ⊥平面PBD .解:(1)取棱AD 的中点M (M ∈平面PAD ),点M 即为所求的一个点.理由如下:连接MC ,由于AD ∥BC ,BC =12AD ,所以BC ∥AM ,且BC =AM .所以四边形AMCB 是平行四边形, 所以CM ∥AB .又AB ⊂平面PAB ,CM ⊄平面PAB , 所以CM ∥平面PAB .(说明:取棱PD 的中点N ,则所找的点可以是直线MN 上任意一点) (2)证明:由已知,PA ⊥AB ,PA ⊥CD ,由于AD ∥BC ,BC =12AD ,所以直线AB 与CD 相交,所以PA ⊥平面ABCD ,所以PA ⊥BD .连接BM .由于AD ∥BC ,BC =12AD ,M 为AD 的中点,所以BC ∥MD ,且BC =MD ,所以四边形BCDM 是平行四边形, 所以BM =CD =12AD ,所以BD ⊥AB .又AB ∩AP =A ,所以BD ⊥平面PAB . 又BD ⊂平面PBD ,所以平面PAB ⊥平面PBD .。
2023年春学期外研版八年级英语下册Module 1模块综合测试卷附答案
2023年春学期八年级英语下册Module1模块综合测试卷(满分100分)一、单项选择(15分)()1.The T-shirt so smooth.It is so comfortable and I will take it.A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds()2.I must try this project(项目)on time.A.finishB.finishingC.to finishD.finished()3.---You look in this new.When did you buy it?---My mother bought it for me yesterday.A.lovelyB.beautifullyC.happilyD.quietly()4.---There is juice in the fridge.---How about going to buy some?A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little()5.---It’s my first time to enter the English competition,and I really feel.---Don’t worry.You should be confident about yourself.A.amazedB.boredC.nervousD.proud()6.---What’s his?---He likes playing the viloin.A.jobC.ageD.hobby()7.Eating some Deo Perfume Candies(香体糖)makes you smell.A.softB.frightenedC.sweetD.friendly()8.is impossible if you put your heart into it.A.NothingB.SomethingC.EverythingD.Anything()9.He got up late today,he is late for school.A.orB.butC.becauseD.so()10.Lucy is_________singing,and she also dances.A.well,wellB.well,goodC.good,wellD.good,good()11.My uncle enjoys photos.He always go out with his camera.A.takeB.tookC.to takeD.taking()12.---What your new English teaher?---He is nice and friendly.A.is,likeB.does,likeC.do,look likeD.does,think of()13.She is enough to go to school.A.olderB.much olderC.oldD.the oldest()14.We lost the match because they had players.They had eleven and we had only nine.A.strongerB.youngerC.fewerD.more()15.Our English teacher works vert.He goes back home until7:00every evening.A.hard,hardB.hard,hardlyC.hardly,hardlyD.hardly,hard一、完形填空(10分)I had a very unusual experience(经历)on Sunday.At ten in the morning,I was__1__down the street when a UFO landed right__2__of me.You can imagine(想象)__3__strange it was!An alien__4__and walked down Center Street.I followed it to see__5__it was going,and I was very surprised when it went__6__a souvenir shop.While it was__7__at the souvenirs(纪念品),the shop assistant called the__8__.Before the police arrived,the alien left the__9__and then visited the Museum of Flight.__10__the alien was in the museum,I called the TV station.Isn't that amazing!()1.A.arriving B.walking C.looking D.seeing()2.A.in front B.before C.at D.behind()3.A.what B.when C.how D.where()4.A.got in B.got on C.got out D.got up()5.A.where B.when C.which D.what()6.A.onto B.on C.into D./()7.A.walking B.looking C.giving D.seeing()8.A.police B.teacher C.driver D.doctor()9.A.school B.shop C.street D.shopping()10.A.While B.What C.Which D.How二、阅读理解(20分)AI live in a small town near Xing’an in Guilin.You can’t see it on the map of China,because it is too small. The air here is fresh.There are not many tall buildings in our town.The best building is our school.There are four hundred students and twenty-five teachers in our school.In the front of the school,there is a playground.I often play basketball with my classmates on it.There is a little garden behind our school.And we can grow beautiful flowers and plant trees in the garden.Next to the garden,there is an orange orchard(果园).You can hear birds singing everywhere.There is a river not far from our school.In summer,we usually go swimming with our teachers in it.We study Chinese,English,math and other subjects at school.The teachers are very nice.We love our school.()1.The writer lives_______.A.in a small townB.in the city of GuilinC.in a villageD.in a tall building()2.There is_______in the front of our school.A.a riverB.a tall buildingC.a playgroundD.a garden()3.The students often_______in summer.A.play basketballB.plant treesC.grow flowersD.go swimming()4.People can hear_______singing here and there.A.studentsB.birdsC.cowsD.teachers()5.What is the best title of the passage?A.The gardenB.A Small TownC.Our SchoolD.The Best BuildingBDear Marnie,We have to do presentations(展示)for a test next week,and I'm really worried about it.The thing is,I get really nervous when I'm talking in front of people.The problem is,I'm usually a pretty good student at school,and my dad might be angry if I get bad marks.What should I do?Andy Dear Marnie,Molly and Laura are both my good friends.The problem is that Laura and I share a lot of hobbies and we always go to the clubs together.So Molly is really unhappy about it and she says she feels left out(受冷落).Now Molly wants to end the friendship(友谊)between us.What can I do to make her believe that she's still important to me?Jess Dear Marnie,This Tuesday I got my final exam results(结果)and I was excited to find out that I got very good marks.But when I rang my friend Rachel to plan a night out to celebrate,I found out that she got really bad marks.Now she's really sad and doesn't want to go out.It's a really awkward situation, and I'm disappointed(失望的)we can't go out and enjoy the night.What should I do to make her feel better?Karen ()6.From the material,we can know that Andy is probably a_______boy.A.shyzyC.seriousD.brave()7.What problem does Jess have?A.She doesn't like her friend.B.She made her friend feel left out.C.She is not good at doing presentations.D.She feels nervous when talking with others.()8.What does the underlined word“awkward”mean in Chinese?A.奇怪的B.尴尬的C.骄傲的D.激动的()9.Which of the following is TRUE according to the material?A.Rachel did badly in the final exam.B.Karen and Rachel planned a party.C.Marnie's father is very strict with her.D.Molly and Jess share a lot of hobbies.()10.Where might you read this material?A.In a diary.B.In a storybook.C.In a magazine.D.In a guidebook.三、根据句意及汉语意思填写单词(10分)1.It rained the whole day last Sunday.We had an(不愉快的)trip.2.We are very(自豪)of our country.3.She works hard this term.So she gets good(分数)in the exam.4.The English test was so(容易)for us that we all passed it.5.His(最喜欢的)hobby is swimming.四、根据汉语意思完成句子(10分)1.学好英语很重要。
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模块综合检测(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分;满分30分)ALong Mountain Learning CenterWhat Do You Mean?Finding the exact words to express your ideas is an art in itself.In this course,you will learn about words,what they mean,how to avoid confusing similar words and how to choose just the right words in your writing.Thursdays,7:30-9:30 P.M.Write It RightWriting a research paper involves more than collecting information.Knowing how to organize your information, express your ideas clearly,and document your sources is very important.This course is specifically designed for students preparing to enter college.Saturdays, 3:30-5:00 P.M.Writing to SellIn this course,you will learn to write advertisements that will attract more clients (客户) to your product or business.Previous business writing experience is required.Thursdays,9:30-11:30 A.M.Express Your OpinionThe Letters to the Editor column in your local paper is a public forum (论坛) for expressing opinions on matters of interest to all citizens.In this course, you will learn how to develop and clearly express your opinions and improve your chances of getting your letter published.Fridays,8:45-10:00 P.M.Retelling Old FavoritesDo you remember the traditional folktales and fairy tales that you loved as a child? In this course,you will rewrite some of your favorite old tales in new ways that will delight the youngsters in your life.Tuesdays,5:00-7:00 P.M.Report ItHave you always dreamed of being a correspondent (通讯员)for a newspaper or magazine? This course will cover the basics of collecting news and turning it into interesting newspaper and magazine articles.Wednesdays,1:00-3:00 P.M.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。
文章是对几种写作课程的介绍。
1.Which course is most suitable for those who work in business marketing?A.Write It Right.B.Writing to Sell.C.What Do You Mean?D.Express Your Opinion.B细节理解题。
由Writing to Sell部分介绍的learn to write advertisements that will attract more clients to your product or business.Previous business writing experience is required可知,该课程是关于商业广告写作的,故最适合那些从事市场营销的人。
]2.If you are interested in journalism,you can join the course held on .A.Tuesday,5:00-7:00 P.M.B.Thursday,7:30-9:30 P.M.C.Saturday,3:30-5:00 P.M.D.Wednesday,1:00-3:00 P.M.D[细节理解题。
由Report It部分介绍的...dreamed of being a correspondent...cover the basics of collecting news and turning it into interesting newspaper and magazine articles可知,周三下午1:00到3:00开设的课程适合对新闻业感兴趣的人。
]3.What do the courses mentioned in the text have in common?A.All are held every two weeks.B.All are open to college students.C.All require related basic knowledge.D.All aim to improve your writing skills.D[推理判断题。
由Long Mountain Learning Center提供的这六门课程内容介绍中的关键信息What Do You Mean?choose...right words in your writing,Writing to Sell,write advertisements,Retelling Old Favorites,rewrite...old tales,Report It,collecting news and turning it into...articles可知,这些课程都旨在提高写作技能。
]BParties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did.This is not due to a lack of desire to socialize, but the smartphone.At parties, people focus more on their smartphones than on their drinks.According to a recent study from International Data Corporation, over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach it the moment they wake up, keeping it in hand all day.In addition, too many people are using smartphones while driving and as a result,they get into car crashes.34 percent of teens admit to text while driving, and they confirm that texting messages is the major interruption while driving.People's attachment (依恋) to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road, many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction.When with their friends, some people pointlessly(无谓地) check or send messages in the presence of their friends, which means that their friends are less important.In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantages as making new friends in the real world.Faceto-face conversations will give us the chance to improve our communication skills in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages,smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people.The technology shows the achievement weaken the value of communication.Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to interact face to face,but it is also lowering people's ability to communicate.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。