英语基本句法、语法与时态

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如何读懂、写出正确的句子?

一、句子成分(主谓宾定状补)

二、时态:

1.一般现在时(描述惯常发生的事情)

注意:主语若是第三人称单数,动词需要加s/es ;其他情况下,动词用原型We start our work at 7 o’clock every morning.

He leaves the work site at 5 o’clock every afternoon.

He does his work very well.

2.现在进行时(描述此刻正在发生的事情)

注意:进行时需要用系动词(am, is , are)+ (动词+ing )

The workers are working on the work site.

The electrician is dealing with an electric problem.

3.一般过去时(描述过去发生的事情)

注:过去时中,动词需要用过去式(即动词+ed)

We signed a contract last week.

The project started a month ago.

4.过去进行时(描述过去发生的事情)

注意:系动词(was, were)+ (动词ing)

They were planning to go abroad for vocation two months ago.

5.一般将来时(描述未来将要发生的事情)

注:将来时,需要在动词前加will,be going to。

We will have a meeting with the supplier.

We are going to construct a new bridge in Bengal.

The project will be complete soon.

6.现在完成时(描述到目前为止已经发生的事情)

注:完成时的基本结构为 have/has + 动词的过去分词(动词+ed)的形式We have run out of food.

We have spent 5000 dollars on the car.

The meal has been finished.

7.过去完成时(描述到过去为止已经发生的事情)

注:过去完成时的基本结构为had + 动词的过去分词(动词+ed)的形式The professor had finished his job when his students came to see him.

三、英语五种基本句型

基本句型一:(主+谓)

The workers arrived. 工人们已经到了。

The price of materials goes up. 材料价格上涨。

基本句型二:(主+系+表)——主要用语描述“……是……”,侧重于表示人或事物状态、性质.

All of us are tired. 大家都很累。

The welder is responsible. 这个焊工很负责。

The problem is hard to deal with. 这个问题很难解决。

Your job is to weld parts together. 你的工作是焊接零件。

基本句型三:(主+谓+宾)

You must deal with the problem as soon as possible. 你必须尽快解决问题。

They weld the pieces of a broken axle. 他们焊接断了的车轴。

I need seven engine-drivers. 我需要7个司机。

The workers are carrying materials to our job site. 工人们正在把材料运到我们的工地。

You should check the work site every week. 你应该每天检查工地。

基本句型四:(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

The manager handed me a contract. 经理递给我一份合同。

I will give you a job. 我将会给你一份工作。

The welder showed me his welding skills. 这个焊工向我展示了他的焊接技术。

Tell me when you can finish you job. 告诉我你什么时候能完成你的工作。

Show me where the problem is. 指出(给我)问题在哪里。

基本句型五:(主+谓+宾+宾补)

You should keep the welding materials dry. 你们要保持焊接材料干燥。

四、句式变换(陈述句→ 疑问句)

陈述句语序与中文类似,不过表示时间/地点的放在最后,先讲主谓宾等,再说时间地点。

1. 玛丽每周日去书店买一本书。

2. 我们上周末在一家著名的药店买了点药。

疑问句分为一般疑问句(助动词或者be动词开头),及特殊疑问句(疑问词what, when, where, who, how + 可能需要助动词或者be动词)

1. Mary goes to the bookshop to buy newspaper every morning.

•提问是不是,有没有?一般疑问句。借助助动词do →does 放句首,后面顺序不动,但动词要还原成原形。

•提问其他的部分,都是特殊疑问句,需要加疑问词。

•提问marry: who

•提问the newsagent’s : where does Mary go to

•提问every morning: when does

•提问 to buy newspaper(目的):why does

•提问goes to ……: what does

2. It takes Mike thirty minutes to go to work by car.

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