GWD阅读难点与资料大全

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GWD课件对应阅读练习题

GWD讲义对应阅读练习题讲义P3_P8——11Q2 to Q4:The fields of antebellum (pre-CivilWar) political history and women’s his-tory use separate sources and focusLine on separate issues.Political histori-(5)ans, examining sources such as votingrecords, newspapers, and politicians’writings, focus on the emergence in the1840’s of a new “American politicalnation,” and since women were neither(10)voters nor politicians, they receive littlediscussion. Women’s historians, mean-while, have shown little interest in thesubject of party politics, instead draw-ing on personal papers, legal records(15)such as wills, and records of femaleassociations to illuminate women’sdomestic lives, their moral reformactivities, and the emergence of thewoman’s rights movement.(20)However, most historians haveunderestimated the extent and signifi-cance of women’s political allegiancein the antebellum period. For example, in the presidential election campaigns(25)of the 1840’s, the Virginia Whig partystrove to win the allegiance of Virginia’swomen by inviting them to rallies andspeeches. According to Whig propa-ganda, women who turned out at the(30)party’s rallies gathered informationthat enabled them to mold party-loyalfamilies, reminded men of moral valuesthat transcended party loyalty, and con-ferred moral standing on the party.(35)Virginia Democrats, in response,began to make similar appeals towomen as well. By the mid-1850’sthe inclusion of women in the rituals ofparty politics had become common-(40)place, and the ideology that justifiedsuch inclusion had been assimilatedby the Democrats.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2: 观点题——看选项The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is toA.examine the tactics of antebellum political parties with regard to womenB.trace the effect of politics on t he emergence of the woman’s rights movementC.point out a deficiency in the study of a particular historical periodD.discuss the ideologies意识形态of opposing antebellum political partiesE.contrast the methodologies方法论in two differing fields of historical inquiryAnswer: C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3: 观点——原文第二段作者观点2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：1 更直接意思上更不用改话的The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding most historians of the antebellum period?A.They have failed to adequately contrast the differing roles that women played in theDemocratic and Whig parties in the 1850’s.B.They have failed to see that political pr opaganda advocating women’s politicalinvolvement did not reflect the reality of women’s actual roles.C.They have incorrectly assumed that women’s party loyalty played a small role in Whigand Democratic party politics.D.They have misinterpreted descripti ons of women’s involvement in party politics inrecords of female associations and women’s personal papers.E.They have overlooked the role that women’s political activities played in the woman’srights movement.Answer: C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4 :细节题——看原文有选项没了，对；没有没了的，越相似效率越高——比选项According to the second paragraph of the passage (lines 20-42), Whig propaganda included the assertion thatA.women should enjoy more political rights than they didB.women were the most important influences on political attitudes within a familyC.women’s reform activities reminded men of important moral valuesD.women’s demonstrations at rallies would influence men’s voting behaviorE.women’s presence at rallies would enhance the moral standing of the partyAnswer:Q35 to Q37:Citing the fact that the real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita washigher in 1997 than ever before, someLine journalists have argued that the United (5)States economy performed ideally in1997. However, the real GDP is almostalways higher than ever before; it fallsonly during recessions. One pointthese journalists overlooked is that in (10)1997, as in the twenty-four years imme-diately preceding it, the real GDP percapita grew nearly one-half percent ayear more slowly than it had on aver-age between 1873 and 1973. Were the (15)1997 economy as robust as claimed,the growth rate of real GDP per capitain 1997 would have surpassed theaverage growth rate of real GDP percapita between 1873 and 1973 because (20)over fifty percent of the populationworked for wages in 1997 whereasonly forty percent worked for wagesbetween 1873 and 1973. If the growthrate of labor productivity (output per (25)hour of goods and services) in 1997had equaled its average growth ratebetween 1873 and 1973 of more thantwo percent, then, given the proportion-ately larger workforce that existed in (30)1997, real GDP per capita in 1997 wouldhave been higher than it actually was,since output is a major factor in GDP.However, because labor productivitygrew by only one percent in 1997, real (35)GDP per capita grew more slowly in1997 than it had on average between1873 and 1973.Q35: 观点2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：2 错的可能性小（感觉）The passage is primarily concerned with当相似到一定程度，原文失效，选项越相似，效率越高paring various measures used to assess the performance of the United Stateseconomy in 1997B.providing evidence that the performance of the United States economy in 1997 wassimilar to its performance between 1873 and 1973C.evaluating an argument concerning the performance of the United States economyin1997D.examining the consequences of a popular misconception about the performance of theUnited States economy in 1997E.supporting an assertion made by journalists about the performance of the United Stateseconomy in 1997Answer: C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q36: 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：3 感觉：A→B，B是A的必要条件/前提。

GRE阅读难点考点基础知识全方位讲解

GRE阅读难点考点基础知识全方位讲解什么是GRE阅读长难句?GRE阅读，包括数学和逻辑中的一些题干的一大特点，也就是一大难点，就是充斥着一些或很长、或很怪异的句子，我们称之为GRE长难句。

句子，作为任何阅读文章最基本的阅读单位，其重要性不言而喻。

换句话说，句子读不懂，想要读懂文章，好比痴人说梦。

可是GRE阅读中的句子之繁难，超出其他所有的英语考试的范畴，其长度更立人瞠目，往往读到句末，已经忘了前面在说些什么，令很多初学者困惑不已，不得不放弃真正读懂文章的想法。

攻克GRE阅读长难句的意义然而，GRE难句绝非不可攻克，只要训练方法得当，并且能更每天半小时左右进行练习，GRE难句完全可以在一个月甚至几周内被攻破，而做到这点，对我们GRE考生的意义是伟大的：第一，所有的长句子只读一遍就懂，避免了反复阅读造成的时间浪费，可以大大提高大家的阅读速度;第二，可以顺利地作出机考中的高分题，因为与难句对应的阅读题，包括数学和逻辑中读起来较难的题目，一定对应较高的分值;第三，可以增加阅读文章时的理解力，提高对文章整体的把握能力;第四，可以增加我们的自，产生一种阅读中的顺畅愉快感，使我们在学习GRE时不再沉浸在一种烦躁的情绪之中，真正的与文章的内容和作者的思路打交道。

GRE长难句的由来我们知道，GRE文章都摘自的科学或学术。

如果你曾经到网上看过此类文章，你就会发现其实这些文章往往结构简单，句子流畅，绝不难读。

然而经过ETS改编和压缩之后，哪些通俗易懂的句子却变得面目全非：句子冗长、结构复杂、信息量大，造成读者的困难。

因此GRE的难句完全是人为造成，用来给考生加难度的。

GRE长难句与文章内容的对应关系经过长期观察发现，GRE的XX种文章中，句子的难度与文章的内容存在对应关系，也就是文章的内容越简单，句子就越难。

比如生命科学和自然科学题材的文章，由于其内容较难，细节较多，因此句子较短，较容易，无形中以降低了难度;而文学评论和科学的文章，因为内容较少，作者态度较为明确，因而长难句既多又难。

新题型变更--GWD课堂笔记-10页文档资料

GMAT语文听课笔记一、GMAT考试总论GMAT考试是美国商科研究生的入学考试，其目的是为了挑选符合商科入学标准的人才，所以GMAT考试不是一个英语语言能力的测试，而是一种逻辑思维方法的测试。

具体的来说，GMAT考试是在模拟商业环境，检验考生解决商业问题的能力。

商科是一门实践科学，商业的很多问题都是新的，因此解决新问题的能力是解决商业问题的最重要能力。

管老师提到，在商业中我们都不会追求完美而是做到必须要做的，不会追求充分而是用不充分性思维解决问题，不会问为什么(Why)而是着重于怎么做（How），不会追求复杂而是追求简单（把复杂问题简单化）。

二、GMAT考试的原则和套路原则是指根据考试规律总结出来的做题方法，套路是指根据某种出题形式总结出来的出题方法。

由于出题风格总是变化的，因此根据套路做题犯错的风险很大，近期从2019年4月以来，GMAC的出题风格变化非常大，可以说套路做题已经很难取得GMAT考试的成功了。

三、GMAT考试的原则总论1、做题的原则我们做题的过程就如同经理选择一个战略的过程，因此我们应该：步骤一、把肯定不对的选项去掉。

就像经理会有一些无法不遵守的原则，违背这些原则的方案一定不能选。

步骤二、比较剩下的选项，就算心中有答案的方向也要记住“答案是比出来的”。

2、接受信息的选择我们对信息要客观接受，可以归纳信息，可以客观的推理，但是一定不能主观推理。

比如，题目说“有个人他一拿着斧头上街就像杀人，他一杀人就会被枪毙，他一被枪毙他老婆就会改嫁。

”我们可以推理“他一拿斧头上街他老婆就会改嫁”，这是客观的，因为我们没有添加任何新的信息。

但是我们绝对不对推理为“他脑子进水了才拿斧头上街的吧”（你添加了新的题目没告诉的信息就成了主观推理）。

另外，题目告诉的信息是字面意思以及其前提的总和。

比如题目说“老管在喝水”，那么除了告诉我们“老管在喝水”这件事以外，我们还知道“老管是存在的”“水是存在的”“老管具有喝水的能力”。

英语四级考试阅读理解专项训练针对阅读理解的重点和难点提供专项训练和技巧指导

英语四级考试阅读理解专项训练针对阅读理解的重点和难点提供专项训练和技巧指导英语四级考试阅读理解专项训练英语四级考试中的阅读理解部分是考生们普遍认为较难的一部分，因此，提供专项训练和技巧指导是必要的。

本文将针对阅读理解的重点和难点，给出相应的训练方法和技巧指导，帮助考生们更好地备考。

一、阅读理解的重点1. 词汇理解：阅读理解中常常涉及到一些生词和复杂的词汇，考生应该注意通过上下文判断词义，避免被词汇难题困扰。

2. 主旨概括：阅读理解文章通常会以一个主题或观点为中心，考生需要通过阅读全文了解文章的主旨，并作出准确的概括。

3. 推理判断：阅读理解题目中常常出现与文章内容相关的推理判断题，考生需要通过理解文章细节、推理逻辑等方法来进行准确判断。

4. 细节理解：细节理解是阅读理解中最常见的题型，考生需要仔细阅读文章，理解文章中的具体细节信息，从而回答问题。

二、专项训练方法1. 扩大词汇量：词汇理解是阅读理解的基础，考生应该通过积累词汇、背诵常见的单词和短语，提高自己的词汇量。

2. 阅读速度练习：考生可以通过大量的阅读练习来提高阅读速度和阅读理解能力。

适当使用计时器，提高对文章的整体理解速度。

3. 模拟考试训练：考生应该在备考期间进行多次模拟考试，以熟悉考试的内容和模式，同时找出自己的不足之处进行针对性的提高。

4. 多种题型练习：阅读理解题型多种多样，考生应该针对性地进行各种题型的练习，提高解题的灵活性和准确性。

三、技巧指导1. 首先快速浏览全文：在阅读理解的考试中，首先快速浏览全文可以帮助考生了解文章的大意和结构，为后续的阅读和解题提供指导。

2. 注重关键词和标点符号：关键词和标点符号通常能够提供文章的重点信息，考生应该注意留意这些标志性的词汇和符号，以帮助理解文章。

3. 理解句子结构：理解文章句子的结构可以帮助考生明确句子的主旨和逻辑关系，从而更好地理解文章的内容。

4. 利用上下文推断：在遇到生词或不熟悉的词汇时，考生应该通过上下文的暗示来进行推断，尽量避免查字典造成时间浪费。

六年级课程复习阅读常见难点解析

六年级课程复习阅读常见难点解析阅读对于学习英语而言是非常重要的一项能力。

通过阅读可以提高词汇量、理解力和表达能力。

然而，在六年级的学习过程中，我们也会遇到一些常见的阅读难点。

本文将对六年级课程复习中的阅读常见难点进行解析，并提供相应的解决方法。

一、选词填空型阅读难点解析在阅读中，经常会遇到选词填空的题目。

这类题目要求我们根据上下文的意思选择适当的单词或短语填入空白处。

解决这类题目需要具备一定的词汇量和语境理解能力。

解决方法：首先，我们要注意文章的主题和内容，通过理解文章的意思来推测空白处应填入的单词或短语。

其次，我们要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过推理和推断来选择正确的答案。

最后，我们要根据选项的词性和语法规则来确定填入的单词或短语。

二、阅读理解型阅读难点解析阅读理解是六年级英语学习中的重点内容。

在阅读理解中，我们需要通过阅读短文来回答问题，要求我们对短文的细节、主旨和作者意图进行理解和把握。

解决方法：首先，我们要仔细阅读短文。

可以先快速浏览短文了解大意，再仔细阅读每一段，注意理解每个句子的意思。

其次，我们要全面了解短文的内容，分析短文的结构，掌握文章的主旨和中心思想。

最后，我们要针对问题进行有针对性的查找和推理，在短文中找到相关的信息来回答问题。

三、阅读策略型阅读难点解析在阅读过程中，我们需要掌握一些阅读策略，帮助我们更好地理解文章的意思和提高阅读效率。

然而，许多学生在运用阅读策略时会遇到一些困难。

解决方法：首先，我们要了解各种阅读策略的具体应用，例如预测、推理、归纳等。

然后，我们要通过大量的练习来熟悉和掌握这些策略的使用。

最后，我们要在实际阅读过程中灵活运用这些策略，不断提高阅读能力。

四、时态和语态型阅读难点解析在阅读中，时态和语态是容易出现错误的地方。

我们需要根据上下文的意思来确定句子的时态和语态，理解句子的含义和表达方式。

解决方法：首先，我们要学好各种时态和语态的用法，理解其基本规则和构成形式。

GMAT资料GWD-TN(4)

GWD-TN-5: Verbal------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q1:Although producer prices rose at an unexpectedly steep rate in September, analysts said that the increase resulted mostly from temporary factors and not necessarily foreshadowing that there would be a resurgence of inflation.A.factors and not necessarily foreshadowing that there would beB.factors and not necessarily that it foreshadowedC.factors and did not necessarily foreshadowD.factors, while not necessarily a foreshadowing ofE.factors, while it did not necessarily foreshadow that there would be------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q2:The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and was later made into both a film and a musical.A.it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and waslater madeB.in 1959 A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award and was latermadeC.Lorraine Hansberry won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award for A Raisin in the Sun in 1959, and it was latermadeD.Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959 and was later madeE. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and later made it ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q3:The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.A.rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospitalemergency roomB.rules with the intent of ensuring one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients to be put through triage ina hospital emergency roomC.rules intending to ensure at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients in a hospital emergency room putthrough triageD.with the intent of ensuring that at least one nurse should be assigned for every four patients in a hospitalemergency room that are put through triageE.and this is intended to ensure one nurse at least to be assigned for every four patients put through triage in ahospital emergency room------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q4:Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.A.movies—less than thoseB.movies—fewer than have beenD.movies, a number lower than the peopleE.movies, fewer than the ones------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q5:Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.The number of school nurses employed by Renst on’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.B.Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to othersubstances.C.Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than theywere ten years ago.D.The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.E.Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Rens ton’s population now than they didten years ago.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q6 to Q9:For many years, theoreticaleconomists characterized humansas rational beings relentlessly benton maximizing purely selfish reward.Results of an experimental economicsstudy appear to contradict this view,however.In the "Ultimatum Game,"two subjects, who cannot exchangeinformation, are placed in separaterooms. Oneis randomly chosen topropose how a sum of money, knownto both, should be shared betweenthem; only one offer, which mustbe accepted or rejected withoutnegotiation, is allowed.If, in fact, people are selfish andrational, then the proposer should offerthe smallest possible share, while theresponder should accept any offer,<20>no matterhow small: after all, evenone dollar is better than nothing. Innumerous trials, however, two-thirdsof the offers made were between40 and 50 percent; only 4 percentwere less than 20 percent. Amongresponders, more than half who wereoffered less than 20 percent rejectedthe offer. Behavior in the game did notappreciably depend on the players’sex, age, or education. Nor did theamount of money involved play asignificant role: for instance, in trialsof the game that were conducted inIndonesia, the sum to be shared wasas much as three times the subjects’average monthly income, and stillresponders refused offers that theydeemed too small.---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q6:The primary purpose of the passage is toA.provide evidence in support of the view that humanbeings are essentially rational and selfish e a particular study to challenge the argument thatthe economic behavior of human beings may bemotivated by factors other than selfishnesspare certain views about human nature held bytheoretical economists with those held byexperimental economistsD.describe a study that apparently challengestheoretical economists’ understanding of humaneconomic behaviorE.suggest that researchers may have failed to take intoaccount the impact of certain noneconomic factors in designing a study of human economic behavior---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q7:The passage implies that the results of the Ultimatum Game undermine theoretical economists’ characterization of human beings byA.demonstrating that most people are inclined to try tomaximize their own advantage whenever possible B.indicating that people who do not have the option ofnegotiating might behave more generously than dothose who have the option of negotiatingC.illustrating how people’s economic behavior dependsto some extent on how large a sum of money isinvolvedD.showing that most people instinctively place theirown economic self-interest ahead of the interest ofstrangers---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q8:The author refers to the sum of one dollar <line 21> in order toA.question the notion that the amount of moneyinvolved significantly affected players’ behaviorB.provide an example of one of the rare offers made byproposers that was less than 20 percent C.illustrate the rationality of accepting even a verysmall offerD.suggest a reason that responders rejected offers thatwere less than 20 percentE.challenge the conclusion that a selfish and rationalproposer should offer a responder the smallestpossible share----------------------------------------------------------------------Q9:All of the following are expressly mentioned in the passage as factors that did not significantly affect players’ behavior EXCEPT theA.players’ level of schoolingB.amount of money to be sharedC.ages of the playersD.players’ professionsE.genders of the players------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q10 to Q12:Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980’s that after theAmerican Revolution<1775-1783>, an ideology of"republicanmotherhood" resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in theUnited States.Kerber maintained thatthe leaders of the new nation wantedwomen to be educated in order to raisepolitically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to thesuccess of the country’s republican formof government; virtue was to be instillednot only by churches and schools, butby families, where the mother’s rolewas crucial. Thus, according to Kerber,motherhood became pivotal to the fateof the republic, providing justification foran unprecedented attention to femaleeducation.Introduction of the republican motherhood thesisdramatically changedhistoriography. Prior to Kerber’s work,educational historians barely mentionedwomen and girls; Thomas Woody’s 1929work is the notable exception. Examiningnewspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educationalopportunities increased for both girlsand boys around 1750. Pointing to "AnEssay on Woman" <1753> as reflectinga shift in view, Woody also claimed thatpractical education for females hadmany advocates before the Revolution.Woody’s evidence challenges the notionthat the Revolution changed attitudesregarding female education, although itmay have accelerated earlier trends.Historia ns’ reliance on Kerber’s "republican motherhood" thesis may haveobscured the presence of these trends,making it difficult to determineto whatextent the Revolution really changedwomen’s lives. --------------------------------------------------------------------Q10:According to the passage, within the field of educationalhistory, Thomas Woody’s 1929 work wasA.innovative because it relied on newspaperB.exceptional in that it concentrated on the periodbefore the American RevolutionC.unusual in that it focused on educationalattitudes rather than on educational practicesD.controversial in its claims regarding educationalopportunities for boysE.atypical in that it examined the education of girls ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q11:According to the passage, Kerber argued that political leaders thought that the form of government adopted by the United States after the American Revolution depended on which of the following for its success?A.Women assuming the sole responsibility forinstilling political virtue in childrenB.Girls becoming the primary focus of a reformededucational system that emphasized politicalvirtueC.The family serving as one of the primary meansby which children were imbued with politicalvirtueD.The family assuming many of the functionspreviously performed by schools and churchesE.Men an women assuming equal responsibility forthe management of schools, churches, and thefamily---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q12:The passage suggests that, with regard to the history of women’s education in the United States, Kerber’s work differs from Woody’s primarily concerning which of the following?A.The extent to which women were interested inpursuing educational opportunities in theeighteenth centuryB.The extent of the support for educationalopportunities for girls prior to the AmericanRevolutionC.The extent of public resistance to educationalopportunities for women after the AmericanRevolutionD.Whether attitudes toward women’s educationalopportunities changed during the eighteenthcenturyE.Whether women needed to be educated in orderto contribute to the success of a republican formof government----------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q13:Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.A.the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development andof changes inB.the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern United States as a result of residential and industrial development andof changes inC.that the birds themselves are vanishing in the northeastern United States is due to residential and industrialdevelopment and changes toD.in the northeastern United States, sandpipers’ vanishing is due to residential and industrial development and tochanges inE.in the northeastern United States, the sandpipers’ vanishing, a result of residential and industrial development andchanging------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q14:Certain politicians in the country of Birangi argue that a 50 percent tax on new automobiles would halt the rapid increase of automobi les on Birangi’s roads and thereby slow the deterioration of Birangi’s air quality. Although most experts agree that such a tax would result in fewer Birangians buying new vehicles and gradually reduce the number of automobiles on Birangi’s roads, they contend that it would have little impact on Birangi’s air-quality problem.Which of the following, if true in Birangi, would most strongly support the experts’ contention about the effect of the proposed automobile tax on Birangi’s air-quality problem?A.Automobile emissions are the largest single source of air pollution.B.Some of the proceeds from the new tax would go toward expanding the nonpolluting commuter rail system.C.Currently, the sales tax on new automobiles is considerably lower than 50 percent.D.Automobiles become less fuel efficient and therefore contribute more to air pollution as they age.E.The scrapping of automobiles causes insignificant amounts of air pollution.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q15:The city has proposed a number of water treatment and conservation projects the cost of which raises water bills high enough so that even environmentalists are beginning to raise alarms.A.the cost of which raises water bills high enough so thatB.at a cost raising water bills so high thatC.at a cost which raises water bills high enough soD.whose cost will raise water bills so high thatE.whose cost will raise water bills high enough so thatBuilding on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.A.based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploitingB.based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation ofC.and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting ofD.and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, andexploitingE.and they based it on their cultivating such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of fish and shellfish, and theyexploited------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q17:Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery. Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that thesurgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed asthose who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medicallyindistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q18:Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the eighth century B.C., a strong case can be made that the Greeks actually adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries earlier. Significantly, the text of these earliest surviving Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from left to right. Now, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and in the process they would surely have adopted whatever convention the Phoenicians were then using with respect to the direction of writing. Originally, Phoenician writing ran in either direction, but by the eighth century B.C. it had been consistently written from right to left for about two centuries.In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?A.The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second reports a discovery that has been used tosupport a position that the argument opposes.B.The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second presents an assumption on which theargument relies.C.The first presents evidence that is used in support of the position that the argument seeks to establish; the secondpresents an assumption on which the argument relies.D.The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the second is the position that theargument seeks to establish.E.The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the second is evidence that has beenused to support that position.Although she had been known as an effective legislator first in the Texas Senate and later in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it was televised nationwide.ter in the United States House of Representatives, not until Barbara Jordan’s participation in the hearings on theimpeachment of President Richard Nixon in 1974 was she made a nationally recognized figure, as it waster in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationally recognized figureuntil 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which wereter in the Untied States House of Representatives, it was not until 1974 that Barbara Jordan became a nationallyrecognized figure, with her participation in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which wasD.then also later in the United States House of Representatives, not until 1974 did Barbara Jordan become a nationallyrecognized figure, as she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, beingE.then also later in the United States House of Representatives, Barbara Jordan did not become a nationallyrecognized figure until 1974, when she participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which was------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q20:The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.A.that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administeredcomplex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with butB.that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administeredcomplex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but alsoC.having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrallyadministered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously butD.cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societiesin northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but alsoE.cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complexsocieties in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q21:Which of the following most logically completes the passage?Each species of moth has an optimal body temperature for effective flight, and when air temperatures fall much below that temperature, the moths typically have to remain inactive on vegetation for extended periods, leaving them highly vulnerable to predators. In general, larger moths can fly faster than smaller ones and hence have a better chance of evading flying predators, but they also have higher optimal body temperatures, which explains why ______.rge moths are generally able to maneuver better in flight than smaller mothsrge moths are proportionally much more common in warm climates than in cool climatesC.small moths are more likely than large moths to be effectively camouflaged while on vegetationrge moths typically have wings that are larger in proportion to their body size than smaller moths doE.most predators of moths prey not only on several different species of moth but also on various species of otherinsects------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q22 to Q25:Earth’s surface consists of rigidplates that are movementsare the surface expressions of motionsin the mantle—th e thick shell of rockthat lies between Earth’s crust and itsmetallic core. Although the hot rock oftheviscous liquid. The mantle’s motions,anal ogous to those in a pot of boilingwater, cool the mantle by carrying hotmaterial to the surface and returningcooler material to the depths. Whenthe edge of one plate bends underanother and its cooler material is consumed in the mantle, volcanic activityoccurs as molten lava rises from the downgoing plate and erupts through theoverlying one. Most volcanoes occur at plateboundaries. However, certain "misplaced" volcanoes far from plateedges result from a second, independent mechanism that cools the deepinterior of Earth. Because of its prox imity to Earth’s core, the rock at thebase of the mantle is much hotter thanrock in the upper mantle. The hotter themantle rock is, the less it resists flowing. Reservoirs of this hot rock collectin the base of the mantle. When areservoir is sufficiently large, a sphereof this hot rock forces its way upthrough the upper mantle to Earth’ssurface, creating a broad bulge in thetopography. The "mantle plume" thusformed, once established, continues tochannel hot material from the mantlebase until the reservoir is emptied.The surface mark of an establishedplume is ahot spot—an isolatedregion of volcanoes and uplifted terrainlocated far from the edge of a surfaceplate. Because the source of a hotspot remains fixed while a surfaceplate moves over it, over a long periodof time an active plume creates a chainof volcanoes or volcanic islands, atrack marking the position of the plumerelative to the moving plate. The naturalhistory of the Hawaiian island chainclearly shows the movement of thePacific plate over a fixed plume.---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q22:The passage is primarily concerned with discussingA.the composition of Earth’s mantleB.how the Hawaiian Islands were createdC.what c auses Earth’s surface plates to moveD.two different mechanisms by which volcanoesare formedE.why most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q23:It can be inferred from the passage that a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume would most likely be characterized byA. a curved outlineB.constituent volcanoes that differ from each otherin ageC.occurrence near a plate boundary where oneplate bends under anotherD.appearance near many other volcanic chainsE.rocks with a wide range of chemical composition ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q24:The author’s reference to the Hawaiian Islands serves primarily toA.provide an example of a type of volcanic activity thatdoes not occur elsewhereB.identify the evidence initially used to establish thatthe Pacific plate movesC.call into question a theory about the source of thevolcanoes that created the Hawaiian IslandsD.illustrate the distance from plate edges at whichvolcanoes typically appearE.provide an example of how mantle plumes manifestthemselves on Earth’s surface---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q25:According to the passage, a hot spot on Earth’s surface is an indication of which of the following?A.An untapped reservoir of hot rock in the base of themantleB.Volcanic activity at the edge of a plateC.Solid mantle rock under tremendous pressureD.The occurrence of a phenomenon unique to thePacific plateE. A plume of hot mantle rock or iginating near Earth’score----------------------------------------------------------------------GWD7-Q26:The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries <OPEC> had long been expected to announce a reduction in output tobolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia,were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.A.year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim outputB.year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmedC.year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed。

复习专题任务型阅读难点、易错点

复习专题任务型阅读难点、易错点一、英语任务型阅读1．阅读短文，把A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整。

Last week Lu visited England. He stayed with my grandmother. He said it was a strange visit. "I don't understand, but I frightened（害怕） your grandmother a lot. When I arrived, I gave her a purse from Zhengzhou, she looked in it and asked me to take it back.________Do English people like spiders?""Later we went shopping. Someone was painting a shop front, so there was a ladder（梯子）.Grandmother stopped me from walking under it and said I must walk around it. I liked the shops and bought some lovely rose soap（肥皂） for my mother, a smart umbrella for my father and some new shoes for myself.________ Your grandmother came in and screamed（尖叫） !" "Then I broke a small mirror in the bathroom.________I felt very sorry. When I left I gave your grandmother some flowers. She counted and there were 13. She didn't like it.________"I explained to Lu, "My grandmother follows the old customs（习俗）. You must not give someone an empty purse or they will have no money. You must not kill a money spider or the same will happen. Also it is very unlucky to walk under a ladder and to put new shoes on the table. An open umbrella in a house means someone will die. Breaking a mirror brings seven years' bad luck, and 13 is also a very unlucky number.________."【解析】【分析】本文主要讲了Lu去英国和作者祖母一起住时，Lu做了几件让祖母不开心的事情。

GMAT资料GWD-TN(5)

GWD-TN-4: Verbal------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q1:The themes that Rita Dove explores in her poetry is universal, encompassing much of the human condition while occasionally she deals with racial issues.A.is universal, encompassing much of the human condition while occasionally she dealsB.is universal, encompassing much of the human condition, also occasionally it dealsC.are universal, they encompass much of the human condition and occasionally dealsD.are universal, encompassing much of the human condition while occasionally dealingE.are universal, they encompass much of the human condition, also occasionally are dealing------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q2:According to its proponents, a proposed new style of aircraft could, by skimming along the top of the atmosphere, fly between most points on Earth in under two hours.A.According to its proponents, a proposed new style of aircraft could, by skimming along the top of the atmosphere,fly between most points on Earth in under two hours.B.By skimming along the top of the atmosphere, proponents of a proposed new style of aircraft say it could flybetween most points on Earth in under two hours.C. A proposed new style of aircraft could fly between most points on Earth in under two hours, according to itsproponents, with it skimming along the top of the atmosphere.D. A proposed new style of aircraft, say its proponents, could fly between most points on Earth in under two hoursbecause of its skimming along the top of the atmosphere.E.According to its proponents, skimming along the top of the atmosphere makes it possible that a proposed new styleof aircraft could fly between most points on Earth in under two hours.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3: GWD-4-17Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined.A.the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increaseddramatically, itsB.the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increaseddramatically, itsC.many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, therestaurant company’sD.having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, therestaurant company’sE.recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurantcompany’s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q4:In the past the country of Siduria has relied heavily on imported oil. Siduria recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas. Siduria already produces more natural gas each year than it burns, and oil production in Sidurian oil fields is increasing at a steady pace. If these trends in fuel production and usage continue, therefore, Sidurian reliance on foreign sources for fuel should decline soon.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.In Siduria the rate of fuel consumption is rising no more quickly than the rate of fuel production.B.Domestic production of natural gas is rising faster than is domestic production of oil in Siduria.C.No fuel other than natural gas is expected to be used as a replacement for oil in Siduria.D.Buildings cannot be heated by solar energy rather than by oil or natural gas.E.All new homes that are being built will have natural-gas-burning heating systems.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q5 to Q7:According to a theory advancedby researcher Paul Martin,the waveof species extinctions that occurredin NorthAmerica about 11,000 yearsago, at the end of the Pleistocene era,can be directly attributed to the arrivalofhumans, i.e., the Paleoindians, whowere ancestors of modern NativeAmericans. However, anthropologistShepard Krech points out that largeanimal species vanished even in areaswhere there is no evidence to demonstrate that Paleoindians hunted them.Nor were extinctions confined to largeanimals: small animals, plants, andinsects disappeared, presumably notall through human consumption. Krechalso contradicts Martin’s exclusion ofclimatic change as an explanation byasserting that widespread climaticchange did indeed occur at the end ofthe Pleistocene. Still, Krech attributessecondary if not primary responsibilityfor the extinctions to the Paleoindians,arguing that humans have producedlocal extinctions elsewhere. But,according to historian Richard White,even the attribution of secondaryresponsibility may not be supportedby the evidence. White observes thatMartin’s thesis depends on coincidingdates for the arrival of humans and thedecline of large animal species, andKrech, though aware that the datesare controversial, does not challengethem; yet recent archaeologicaldiscoveries are providing evidencethat the date of human arrival wasmuch earlier than 11,000 years ago.---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q5:Which of the following is true about Martin’s theory, as that theory is described in the passage?A.It assumes that the Paleoindians were primarilydependent on hunting for survival.B.It denies that the Pleistocene species extinctionswere caused by climate change.C.It uses as evidence the fact that humans haveproduced local extinctions in other situations.D.It attempts to address the controversy over the dateof human arrival in North America.E.It admits the possibility that factors other than thearrival of humans played a role in the Pleistoceneextinctions.---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q6: Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Krech’s objections to Martin’s theory?A.Further studies showing that the climatic change thatoccurred at the end of the Pleistocene era was evenmore severe and widespread than was previouslybelievedB.New discoveries indicating that Paleoindians madeuse of the small animals, plants, and insects thatbecame extinctC.Additional evidence indicating that widespreadclimatic change occurred not only at the end of thePleistocene era but also in previous and subsequenterasD.Researcher s’ discoveries that many more speciesbecame extinct in North America at the end of thePleistocene era than was previously believedE.New discoveries establishing that both the arrival ofhumans in North America and the wave ofPleistocene extinctions took place much earlier than11,000 years ago---------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q7:In the last sentence of the passage, the author refers to "recent archaeological discoveries" <lines 36-37> most probably in order toA.refute White’s suggestion that neither Maritn norKrech adequately account for Paleoindians’contributions to the Pleistocene extinctionsB.cast doubt on the possibility that a moredefinitive theory regarding the causes of thePleistocene extinctions may be forthcomingC.suggest that Martin’s, Krech’s, and White’stheories regarding the Pleistocene extinctions areall open to questionD.call attention to the most controversial aspect ofall the current theories regarding the PleistoceneextinctionsE.provide supp ort for White’s questioning of bothMartin’s and Krech’s positions regarding the roleof Paleoindians in the Pleistocene extinctions----------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q8:Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.A.Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, areB.Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and areC.Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, areD.Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will beE.Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q9 to Q12:The sloth bear, an insect-eatinganimal native to Nepal, exhibits only onebehavior that is truly distinct from that ofother bear species: the females carrytheir cubs<at least part-time> until thecubs are about nine months old, eventhough the cubs can walk on their ownat six months. Cub-carrying also occursamong some other myrmecophagous<ant-eating> mammals; therefore, oneexplanation is that cub-carrying isnecessitated by myrmecophagy, sincemyrmecophagy entails a low metabolicrate and high energy expenditure inwalking between food patches. How ever, although polar bears’ locomotionis similarly inefficient, polar bear cubswalk along with their mother. Furthermore, the daily movements of slothbears and American black bears which are similar in size to sloth bearsand have similar-sized home ranges reveal similar travel rates and distances,suggesting that if black bear cubs areable to<26> keep up with their mother, sotoo should sloth bear cubs.An alternative explanation is defensefrom predation. Black bear cubs usetrees for defense, whereas brown bearsand polar bears, which regularly inhabittreeless environments, rely on aggression to protect their cubs. Like brownbears and polar bears <and unlike othermyrmecophagous mammals, which arenoted for their passivity>, sloth bearsare easily provoked to aggression.Sloth bears also have relatively largecanine teeth, which appear to be morefunctional for fighting than for foraging.Like brown bears and polar bears,sloth bears may have evolved in anenvironment with few trees. They areespecially attracted to food-richgrasslands; although few grasslandspersist today on the Indian subcontinent,this type of habitat was once wide spread there. Grasslands supporthigh densities of tigers, which fight andsometimes kill sloth bears; sloth bearsalso coexist with and have been killedby tree-climbing leopards, <52>and are oftenconfronted and chased by rhinocerosesand elephants, which can toppletrees<53>.Collectively these factors probablyselected against tree-climbing as adefensive strategy for sloth bear cubs.Because sloth bears are smaller thanbrown and polar bears and are undergreater threat from dangerous animals,they may have adopted the extra precaution of carrying their cubs. Althoughcub-carrying may also be adoptive formyrmecophagous foraging, the behaviorof sloth bear cubs, which climb on theirmother’s back at the first sign of danger,suggests that predation was a keystimulus.---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q9:The primary purpose of the passage is toA.trace the development of a particular behavioralcharacteristic of the sloth bearB.explore possible explanations for a particularbehavioral characteristic of the sloth bearpare the defensive strategies of sloth bearcubs to the defensive strategies of cubs of otherbear speciesD.describe how certain behavioral characteristics ofthe sloth bear differ from those of othermyrmecophagous mammalsE.provide an alternative to a generally acceptedexplanation of a particular behavioralcharacteristic of myrmecophagous mammals---------------------------------------------------------------------- Q10:The author mentions rhinoceroses and elephants<lines 52-53> primarily in order toA.explain why sloth bears are not successfulforagers in grassland habitatsB.identify the predators that have had the mostinfluence on the behavior of sloth bearsC.suggest a possible reason that sloth bear cubs donot use tree-climbing as a defenseD.provide examples of predators that were oncewidespread across the Indian subcontinentE.defend the assertion that sloth bears are undergreater threat from dangerous animals than areother bear species--------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q11:Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s argument in lines 18-26 <"Furthermore … sloth bear cubs">?A.Cub-carrying behavior has been observed inmany non-myrmecophagous mammals.B.Many of the largest myrmecophagous mammalsdo not typically exhibit cub-carrying behavior.C.Some sloth bears have home ranges that aresmaller in size than the average home ranges ofblack bears.D.The locomotion of black bears is significantlymore efficient than the locomotion of sloth bears.E.The habitat of black bears consists of terrain thatis significantly more varied than that of thehabitat of sloth bears.---------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q12:Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a way in which brown bears and sloth bears are similar?A.They tend to become aggressive when provoked.B.They live almost exclusively in treelessenvironments.C.They are preyed upon by animals that can climbor topple trees.D.They are inefficient in their locomotion.E.They have relatively large canine teeth.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q13:Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.A.atmosphere, interactions that affectB.atmosphere, with interactions affectingC.atmosphere that affectsD.atmosphere that is affectingE.atmosphere as affects------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q14:Political Advertisement:Mayor Delmont’s critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmont’s leadership. Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took office. So there can be no question that throughout D elmont’s tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument in the advertisement?A.The average pay for jobs created in the city during the past three years was higher than the average pay for jobscreated in the city earlier in Mayor Delmont’s tenure.B.Average pay in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.C.Some of the jobs created in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure have in the meantime been eli minated again.D.The average pay for jobs eliminated in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure has been roughly equal every year tothe average pay for jobs citywide.E.The average pay for jobs in the city is currently higher than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q15:Capuchin monkeys often rub their bodies with a certain type of millipede. Laboratory tests show that secretions from the bodies of these millipedes are rich in two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate capuchins. Some scientists hypothesize that the monkeys rub their bodies with the millipedes because doing so helps protect them from mosquitoes.Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the scientists’ hypothesis?A. A single millipede often gets passed around among several capuchins, all of whom rub their bodies with it.B.The two chemicals that repel mosquitoes also repel several other varieties of insects.C.The capuchins rarely rub their bodies with the millipedes except during the rainy season, when mosquitopopulations are at their peak.D.Although the capuchins eat several species of insects, they do not eat the type of millipede they use to rub theirbodies.E.The two insect-repelling chemicals in the secretions of the millipedes are carcinogenic for humans but do not appearto be carcinogenic for capuchins.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q16:Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presenta tion of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the f ollowing roles?A.The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence thathas been used to support an opposing position.B.The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.C.The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overallposition that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.D.The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidenceoffered in support of the historian’s own position.E.The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is furtherinformation that substantiates that evidence.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q17:Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston.A.Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems toserveB.Concerns about public health have led to the construction of three separate sewer systems between 1876 and 1904to serveC.Concerns about public health have led between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systemsfor servingD.There were concerns about public health leading to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separatesewer systems servingE.There were concerns leading between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems forserving------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q18:In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.A.In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decadeago, when it was about 35 percent.B.Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43 percent of them are Hispanic, compared with adecade ago, when it was about 35 percent.C.Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35percent a decade ago.D.Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than43 percent, whereas it was about 35 percent.E.Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43 percent, unlike a decade ago,when it was about 35 percent.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q19:One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill but in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.A.between our intelligence with that of other primates may lay not so much in any specific skill butB.between our intelligence with that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill but insteadC.between our intelligence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill asD.our intelligence has from that of other primates may lie not in any specific skill asE.of our intelligence to that of other primates may lay not in any specific skill but-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q20:Five years ago, as part of a plan to encourage citizens of Levaska to increase the amount of money they put into savings, Levaska’s government introduced special savings accounts in which up to $3,000 a year can be saved with no tax due on the interest unless money is withdrawn before the account holder reaches the age of sixty-five. Millions of dollars have accumulated in the special accounts, so the government’s plan is obviously working.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?A. A substantial number of Levaskans have withdrawn at least some of the money they had invested in the specialaccounts.B.Workers in Levaska who already save money in long-term tax-free accounts that are offered through theirworkplace cannot take advantage of the special savings accounts introduced by the government.C.The rate at which interest earned on money deposited in regular savings accounts is taxed depends on the incomebracket of the account holder.D.Many Levaskans who already had long-term savings have steadily been transferring those savings into the specialaccounts.E.Many of the economists who now claim that the government’s plan has been successful criticized it when it wasintroduced.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q21:An overwhelming proportion of the most productive employees at SaleCo’s regional offices work not eight hours a day, five days a week, as do other SaleCo employees, but rather ten hours a day, four days a week, with Friday off. Noting this phenomenon, SaleCo’s president plans to increase overall productivity by keeping the offices closed on Fridays and having all employees work the same schedule—ten hours a day, four days a week.Which of the following, if true, provides the most reason to doubt that the president’s plan, if implemented, will achieve it s stated purpose?A.Typically, a SaleCo employee’s least productive hours in the workplace are the early afternoon hours.B.None of the employees who work four days a week had volunteered to work that schedule, but all were assigned toit by their supervisors.C.Working ten hours a day has allowed the most productive employees to work two hours alone each day in theirrespective offices relatively undisturbed by fellow employees.D.Employees at SaleCo are compensated not on the basis of how many hours a week they work but on the basis ofhow productive they are during the hours they are at work.E.Those SaleCo employees who have a four-day workweek do not take any of their office work to do at home onFridays.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q22:Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.A.Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on hisplane, he thereforeB.When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weighton his plane, heC.Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlanticflight, so Charles LindberghD.Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was thereason that Charles LindberghE.Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, CharlesLindbergh------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GWD6-Q23 to Q26:Diamonds are almost impossible to detect directly because theyare so rare: very rich kimberlite pipes, the routes through whichdiamonds rise, may contain onlythree carats of diamonds per tonof kimberlite. Kimberlite begins asmagma in Earth’s mantle <the layerbetween the crust and the core>. Asthe magma smashes through layersof rock, it rips out debris, creatinga mix of liquid and solid material.Some of the solid material it bringsup may come from a so-calleddiamond-stability field, where conditions of pressure and temperatureare conducive to the formation ofdiamonds. If diamonds are to survive, though, they must shoot towardEarth’s surface quickly. Otherwise,they revert to graphite or burn.Explorers seeking diamonds lookfor specks of "indicator minerals"peculiar to the mantle but carried upin greater quantities than diamondsand eroded out of kimberlite pipesinto the surrounding land. The standard ones are garnets, chromites,and ilmenites. One can spend yearssearching for indicators and tracingthem back to the pipes that are theirsource; however, 90 percent ofkimberlite pipes found this way arebarren of diamonds, and the restare usually too sparse to mine.In the 1970’s the process oflocating profitable pipes was refinedby focusing on the subtle differences between the chemical signatures of indicator mineralsfound in diamond-rich pipes asopposed to those found in barrenpipes. For example, G10 garnets,a type of garnet typically found indiamond-rich pipes, are lower incalcium and higher in chrome than garnets from barren pipes. Geochemists John Gurney showed thatgarnets with this composition wereformed only in the diamond-stability field; more commonly found versions came from elsewhere in themantle. Gurney also found thatthough ilmenites did not form in thediamond-stability field, there was alink useful for prospectors: whenthe iron in ilmenite was highlyoxidized, its source pipe rarely contained any diamonds. He reasoned that iron took on more orlessoxygen in response to conditions inthe kimberlitic magma itself—mainlyin response to heat and theavailable oxygen. When iron became highly oxidized, so did diamonds;that is, they vaporized into carbondioxide. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q23:The primary purpose of the passage is toA.discuss an objection to Gurney’s theories about theuses of indicator mineralsB.explore the formation of diamonds and the reasonsfor their scarcityC.analyze the importance of kimberlite pipes in theformation of diamondsD.define the characteristics of indicator minerals underdiffering conditionsE.explain a method of determining whether kimberlitepipes are likely to contain diamonds---------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q24:Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as adifference between G10 garnet and other versions of garnet EXCEPTA.level of oxidationmonness of occurrenceC.chemical signatureD.place of formationE.appearance in conjunction with diamonds---------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD6-Q25:。

大学英文阅读教案重难点

课程名称：大学英文阅读教学目标：1. 培养学生阅读英文材料的兴趣和习惯。

2. 提高学生阅读速度和理解能力。

3. 增强学生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。

4. 培养学生良好的阅读策略和技巧。

教学重难点：1. 教学重点：提高学生的阅读速度和理解能力，使学生能够熟练地阅读英文材料。

2. 教学难点：培养学生的阅读策略和技巧，提高学生的阅读质量。

教学过程：一、导入1. 引导学生回顾上一节课所学内容，回顾阅读技巧和策略。

2. 提出本节课的学习目标，激发学生的学习兴趣。

二、新课讲解1. 阅读技巧和策略讲解：a. 预测：通过标题、图片、首段等，预测文章内容和结构。

b. 扫读：快速浏览文章，获取文章大意。

c. 精读：仔细阅读文章，理解文章细节。

d. 理解：理解文章主旨、观点和论证过程。

2. 阅读材料选择：a. 选择适合学生水平的阅读材料。

b. 材料类型多样化，包括新闻报道、科普文章、文学作品等。

三、课堂练习1. 学生分组，每组选择一篇阅读材料进行阅读。

2. 每组分享阅读心得，讨论文章内容、结构和观点。

3. 教师点评，引导学生总结阅读技巧和策略。

四、课堂小结1. 总结本节课所学内容，强调阅读技巧和策略的重要性。

2. 鼓励学生在课后继续阅读，提高阅读能力。

五、作业布置1. 阅读一篇英文文章，运用所学技巧和策略进行分析。

2. 写一篇阅读心得，分享阅读过程中的体会和收获。

教学反思：1. 本节课是否达到了预期的教学目标？2. 学生在阅读过程中是否掌握了阅读技巧和策略？3. 如何进一步提高学生的阅读兴趣和阅读能力？4. 如何调整教学方法和策略，使教学效果更佳？教学建议：1. 在教学过程中，注重培养学生的阅读兴趣，激发学生的学习热情。

2. 根据学生的实际水平，选择合适的阅读材料，提高学生的阅读效果。

3. 鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论，提高学生的思维能力和表达能力。

4. 定期进行阅读测试，了解学生的学习情况，及时调整教学策略。

gwd补充24套

24-1 Tom Bradley was mayor of Los Angeles from 1973 to 1993, an era when the city had transformed from a collection of suburban neighborhoods to the second-largest city in the United States.(A) an era when the city had transformed(B) an era during which the city was transformed(C) an era that transformed it(D) during which era the city transformed(E) during which the city was transformed24-Passage oneMore selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted species, biocontrol agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests. However, biocontrol agents can negatively affect nontarget species by, for example, competing with them for resources: a biocontrol agent might reduce the benefits conferred by a desirable animal species by consuming a plant on which the animal prefers to lay its eggs.(Line 14)Another example of indirect negative consequences occurred in England when a virus introduced to control rabbits reduced the amount of open ground (because large rabbit populations reduce the ground cover), in turn reducing underground ant nests and triggering the extinction of a blue butterfly that had depended on the nests to shelter its offspring. The paucity of known extinctions of disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them: most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a biocontrol agent with an adverse effect are often unclear. Moreover, determining the potential (35) risks of biocontrol agents before they are used is difficult, especially when a nonnative agent is introduced, because, unlike a chemical pesticide, a biocontrol agent may adapt in unpredictable ways, so that it can feed on or otherwise harm new hosts.24-3 The passage is primarily concerned with(A) explaining why until recently scientists failed to recognize the risks presented by biocontrol agents.(B) emphasizing that biocontrol agents and chemical pesticides have more similarities than differences.(C) suggesting that only certain biocontrol agents should be used to control plant or animal pasts.(D) arguing that biocontrol agents involve risks, some of which may not be readily discerned.(E) suggesting that mishaps involving biocontrol agents are relatively commonplace.24-4 The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the use of biocontrol agents?(A) Biocontrol agent should be used only in cases where chemical pesticides have proven ineffective or overly dangerous.(B) Extinctions and disruptions resulting from the use of biocontrol agents are likely to have increasingly severe commercial consequences.(C) The use of biocontrol agents does not require regulation as stringent as that required by the use of chemical pesticides.(D) The use of biocontrol agents may even finally supersede the use of chemical pesticides in controlling unwanted species.(E) The risks of using native biocontrol agents may be easier to predict than the risks of using nonnative biocontrol agents.24-5 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an indirect effect of using a biocontrol agent?(A) Reduction of the commercial value of a desirable animal species(B) An unintended proliferation of a nontarget animal species(C) An unforeseen mutation in a target species(D) Diminution of the positive effects conferred by a nontarget animal species(E) Competition for resources with a largest species24-6 The example presented by the author in lines 14-23 most clearly serves to illustrate(A) a situation in which a species is less vulnerable to biocontrol agents than it would have been to chemical pesticides.(B) a way in which the introduction of a biocontrol agent can affect a nontarget species.(C) a nonnative agent’s adapting in an unpredictable way that results in damage to a new host.(D) the contention that biocontrol agents can harm nontarget species by competing with them for resources.(E) the way in which indirect consequences from the use of biocontrol agents are most likely to occurs.24-7 Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?The expansion of large-scale farming in Africa and Asia has destroyed much of the natural vegetation on which elephants have historically depended, forcing them to turn to cultivated land to satisfy their enormous appetites. As a result, farmers have lost millions of dollars worth of crops annually. Y et even if elephant sanctuaries were created on a widespread basis to guarantee elephants sufficient natural vegetation, the raiding would likely persist, since(A) when elephants forage for food, they typically travel in herds.(B) foraging elephants have been known to cause substantial damage even to plants that they do not eat.(C) some of the land where crops have suffered extensive damage from elephants has been allowed to return to its natural state. (D) elephants tend to prefer cultivated crops to wild vegetation as a food source(E) elephant sanctuaries are usually created in areas that are rich in the natural vegetation on which elephants have historically depended.24-8 The res ults of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.(A) which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell(B) which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen(C) which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling(D) with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling(E) with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen24-9 Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of s tudents in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, are at (B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, reaching (C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 milli on, have reached(D) enrollment: the number of student in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980’s and, at nearly 47 million, has reached (E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number, since the mid-1980’s and, at n early 47 million, are at24-passage twoIs it possible to decrease inflation without causing a recession and its concomitant increase in unemployment? The orthodox answer is “no”. Whether they support the “inertia” theory of inflation(that today’s inflation rate is caused by yesterday’s inflation, the state of the economic cycle, and external influences such as import prices) or the “rational expectations” theory(that inflation is caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations, coupled with a lack of credible monetary and fiscal policies), most economists agree thattight monetary and fiscal policies, which cause recessions, are necessary to decelerate inflation. They point out that in the 1980’s, many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries’ standards) inflation, but only by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies that sharply increased unemployment. Nevertheless, some governments’ policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and process, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation. Unfortunately, because this approach fails to deal with the underlying causes of inflation, wage and price controls eventually collapse, the hitherto-repressed inflation resurfaces, and in the meantime, though the policy-makers succeed in avoiding a recession, a frozen structure of relative prices imposes distortions that do damage to the economy’s prospects for long-term growth.24-10 The passage suggests that the high inflation in the United State s and many European countries in the 1980’s differed from inflation elsewhere in which of the following ways?A) It fit the rational expectations theory of inflation but not the inertia theory of inflation.B) It was possible to control without causing a recession.C) It was easier to control in those countries by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies than it would have been elsewhere.D) It was not caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations.E) It would not necessarily be considered high elsewhere.24-11 Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author’s conclusion about the use of wage and price controls?A) Counties that repeatedly use wage and price controls tend to have lower long-term economic growth rates than do other countries.B) Countries that have extremely high inflation frequently place very stringent controls on wages and prices in an attempt to decrease the inflation.C) Some countries have found that the use of wage and price controls succeeds in decreasing inflation but also causes a recession.D) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls believe that these controls will deal with the underlying causes of inflation.E) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls are usually more concerned about long-term economic goals than about short-term economic goals24-12 The primary purpose of the passage is toA) apply two conventional theories.B) examine a generally accepted position.C) support a controversial policy.D) explain the underlying causes of a phenomenon.E) propose an innovative solution.24-13 Vivien Thomas, who had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds, he became a cardiac surgeon and eventually to receive an honorary doctorate from Johns Hopkins University.A) who had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds, he becameB) having had no formal medical training, in struggling against overwhelming odds to becomeC) who, having no formal medical training, he struggled against overwhelming odds in becomingD) who, having had no formal medical training and struggled against overwhelming odds, becameE) who had no formal medical training, struggled against overwhelming odds to become24-14: In 1983 Argonia’s currency, the argon, underwent a reduction in value relative to the world’s strongest currencies. This reduction resulted in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports over 1982 levels. In 1987 a similar reduction in the value of the argon led to another increase in A rgonia’s exports. Faced with the need to increase exports yet again, Argonia’s finance minister has proposed another reduction in the value of the argon.Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the finance minister’s pla n will not result in a significant increase in Argonia’s exports next year?A）The value of the argon rose sharply last year against the world’s strongest currencies.B）In 1988 the argon lost a small amount of its value, and Argonians exports rose slightly in 1989.C）The value of Argonia’s exports was lower last year than it was the year before.D）All of Argonia’s export products are made by factories that were operating at full capacity last year, and new factories would take years to build.E）Reductions in the value of the argon have almost always led to significant reductions in the amount of goods and services that Argonians purchase from abroad.24-15 Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibrosis, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. The fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis has an abnormally high salt concentration, scientists hypothesize that in high salt environments the antibiotic becomes ineffective at killing harmful bacteria.Which of the following, if it were obtained as an experimental result, would most decisively undermin e the scientists’ hypothesis?A）Healthy lungs in which the salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid has been substantially increased are able to reestablish their normal salt concentration within a relatively short period of time.B）The antibiotic produced by the lungs is effective at killing harmful bacteria even when salt concentrations are below levels typical of health lungs.C）The salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid in the lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis tends to return to its former high levels after having been reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.D）The lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis are unable to fight off harmful bacteria even when the salt concentration is reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.E）The salt concentration in the airway-surface fluid of people whose lungs produce lower-than-average amounts of the antibiotic is generally much lower than that typical of healthy lungs.24-17 The yield of natural gas from Norway’s Troil gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for 50 years’ production.A) 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least forB) 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at leastC) 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the least allowingD) 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at leastE) 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate for at least24-18 Most household appliances use electricity only when in use. Many microwave ovens, however, have built-in clocks and so use some electricity even when they are not in use. The clocks each consume about 45 kilowatt-hours per year. Therefore, households whose microwave oven has no built-in clock use 45 kilowatt-hours per year less. On average, than do comparable households whose microwave oven is otherwise similar but has a built-in clock.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?Households that do not have a microwave oven use less energy per year, on average, than do households that have a microwave oven. Microwave ovens with a built-in clock do not generally cost more tobuy than microwave ovens without a built-in clock.All households that have a microwave oven also have either a gas oven or a conventional electric oven.Households whose microwave oven does not have a built-in clock are no more likely to have a separate electric clock plugged in than households whose microwave oven has oneThere are more households that have a m icrowave oven with a built-in clock than there are households that have a microwave oven without a built-in clock.24-19 In archaeology, there must be a balance between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promote respect for archaeological sites.A) between explanation of the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promoteB) among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and promoting C) between explaining the value and workings of archaeology, revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and when promotingD) among explaining the value and workings of archaeology, the revelation of the mysteries of past and present cultures, and to promoteE) between explaining archaeology’s value and workings, in the revealing the mysteries of past and present cultures, and in promoting24-20 According to a 1996 survey by the National Association of College an University Business Officers, more than three times as many independent institutions of higher education charge tuition and fees of under $8,000 a year than those that charge over $16,000.A) than those that chargeB) than are chargingC) than to chargeD) as chargeE) as those charging24-21 Nobody knows exactly how many languages there are in the world, partly because of the difficulty (of? ) distinguishing between a language and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried to count typically have found about five thousand.A) and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried to count typically have foundB) and the sub-languages or dialects within them, with those who have tried counting typically findingC) and the sub-languages or dialects within it, but those who have tried counting it typically findD) or the sub-languages or dialects within them, but those who tried to count them typically foundE) or the sub-languages or dialects within them, with those who have tried to count typically finding24-22 Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-ray because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed. The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.24-23 Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether the Earth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated all along that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess.A) the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess.B) the effects that are the most obvious ones, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, would be those impacting the most on people.C) those effects to have the largest impact on people, extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, are what are the most obvious effects.D) extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, the most obvious effects, that they would have the largest impact on people.E) extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess, which are the most obvious effects, are those to impact the most on people.24-24 Many winemakers use cork stoppers; but cork stoppers can leak, crumble, or became moldy, so that those winemakers must often discard a significant proportion of their inventory of bottled wine. Bottlemaster plastic stoppers, which cannot leak, crumble, or mold, have long been available to winemakers, at a price slightly higher than that of traditional cork stoppers. Cork prices, however are expected to rise dramatically in the near future. Clearly, therefore, winemakers who still use cork but wish to keep production costs from rising will be forced to reconsider plastic stoppers. And since the wine-buying public’s association of plastic stoppers with poor-quality wine is weakening, there is an excellent chance that the Bottlemaster plastic stopper will gain an increased share of the market for wine-bottle stoppers.In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?The first is a judgment that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.The first is a judgment that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is conclusion drawn in order to support the main conclusion of the argument.The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that main conclusion.The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a restatement of that main conclusion.The first is a conclusion drawn in order to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.24-passage threeIn a 1918 editorial, W.E.B. Du Bois advised African Americans to stop agitating for agitating for equality and to proclaim the solidarity with White Americans for the duration of the First World War. The editorial surprised many Africa Americans who viewed Du Bois as an uncompromising African American leader and a chief opponent of the (10) accommodationist tactics urged by Booker, T. Washington. In fact, however, Du Bois often shifted positions along the continuum between Washington and confrontationis ts (15) such as William Trotter. In 1895, when Washington called on African Americans to concentrate on improving their communities instead of opposing discrimination and agitating for (20) political rights, Du Bois praised Washington’s speech. In 1903, ho wever, Du Bois aligned himself with Trotter Washington’s militant opponent, less for ideological reasons (25) than because Trotter had described to him Washington’s efforts to silence those in the African American press who opposed Washington’s positions.(20)reflected not a change in his long-term goals but rather a pragmatic response in the face ofsocial pressure government officials had threatened African Americans’ contributions to past war efforts had brought them some legal and political (40) advances. Du Bois’ accommodationism did not last, however. Upon learning of(/on?) systematic discrimination experienced by African Americans in the military, he called on them to “return fighting” from the war.24-25: According to the passage, which of the following is true of the strategy that Du Bois’ 1918 editorial urged African Americans to adopt during the First World War?A) It was a strategy that Du Bois had consistently rejected in the past.B) It represented a compromise between Du Bois’ own views and those of Trotter.C) It represented a significant redefinition of the long-term goals Du Bois held prior to the war.D) It was advocated by Du Bois in response to his recognition of the discrimination faced by African Americans during the war.E) It was advocated by Du Bois in part because of his historical knowledge of gains African Americans had made during past wars. 24-26: The passage is primarily concerned withA) identifying historical circumstances that led Du Bois to alter his long-term goals.B) defi ning “accommodationism” and showing how Du Bois used this strategy to achieve certain goals.C) accounting for a particular position adopted by Du Bois during the First World War.D) contesting the view that Du Bois was significantly influenced by either Washington or Trotter.E) assessing the effectiveness of a strategy that Du Bois urged African Americans to adopt.24-27: The passage indicates which of the following about Du Bois’ attitude toward Washington?A) It underwent a shift during the First World War as Du Bois became more sympathetic with Trotter’s views.B) It underwent a shift in 1903 for reasons other than Du Bois’ disagreement with Washington’s accommodationist views.C) It underwent a shift as Du Bois make a long-term commitment to the strategy of accommodation.D) It remained consistently positive even though Du Bois disagreed with Washington’s efforts to control the African American press.E) It was shaped primarily by Du Bois’ appreciation of Washington’s pragmatic approach to the advancement of the interests of African Americans.24-28: Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if they find a new job before they are terminated.A) the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance packageB) the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for it at the automobile company’s severance packa geC) their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package to workers.D) their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company’s severance package is available to workers.E) the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company’s severance package is available to workers.24-29: Plant scientists have been able to genetically engineer vegetable seeds to produce crops that are highly resistant to insect damage. Although these seeds currently cost more than conventional seeds, their cost is likely to decline. Moreover, farmers planting them can use far less pesticide, and most consumers prefer vegetables grown with less pesticide, therefore, for crops for which these seeds can be developed, their use is likely to become the norm.Which of the following would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument above? Whether plant scientists have developed insect-resistant seeds for every crop that is currently grown commercially?Whether farmers typically use agricultural pesticides in large amounts than is necessary to prevent crop damage?Whether plants grown from the new genetically engineered seeds can be kept completely free of insect damage?Whether seeds genetically engineered to produce insect-resistant crops generate significantly lower per acre crop yields than do currently used seeds?Whether most varieties of crops currently grown commercially have greater natural resistance to insect damage than did similar varieties in the past.24-passage threeIn most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at a depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point. For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the surface where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more (45) common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with focus several hundred kilometers down.The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones), where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture. 24-30 The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?A) Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B) Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C) Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.D) The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously thought.E) Below 650 kilometers earthquakes cease to occur.24-31 Information presented in the passage suggests that, copared with seismic activity at the epicenter of a shallow event, seismic activity at the epicenter of a deep event is characterized byA) shorter P-S intervals and higher peak intensityB) shorter P-S intervals and lower peak intensityC) longer P-S intervals and similar peak intensityD) longer P-S intervals and higher peak intensityE) longer P-S intervals and lower peak intensity24-32 The passage supports which of the following statements about the relationship between the epicenter and the focus of an。

管卫东LSAT高分指导演讲笔记

GWD LSAT 高分指导满分180分，高于170分，共100-101道题，错误率在8-12个之内，时间因素+ 逻辑最重要！一、难点1.时间紧2.记忆难——看懂题目后，记不住信息3.思维难——理解答案难二、应对难点——摆脱思维惯性1.思维惯性：逻辑：35分钟25道逻辑题每题<1.5分钟错：全部的逻辑推理过程——各种严密的推理过程有A推B,B推A全部过程，把各类型题目分开做，用不同类型去做全部过程，把考点都复习到，然后做大量题目对：从对方角度看问题。

法律的目的，法庭辩论，逻辑并非逻辑过程，而是找到对方辩论题目的漏洞，即找思维漏洞点——思维跳跃A．思维的严密度——相关性如何，即到底有无关（支持、驳斥、评价、假设、解释、两人对话、指出原文错误），对有关无关题目的相关做法B．逻辑本身就是概率上的变化——特殊题目类型：Parallel平行结构两个律师之间本身就是用案例来驳斥对方的案例，即用大概率事件来降低对方的可信度，仅仅是引起概率的变化Parallel：正确选项与原文的大概关系，比其他选项更高而已指出原文错误：从A B的思维跳跃，指出来就可以逻辑总共只有三种类型：1．支持、驳斥、评价、假设、解释、两人对话、指出原文错误2．归纳题3．Parallel平行结构逻辑题目顶多用前一半按照推理过程推理，后面的全部按照上述方法以保证时间。

阅读：35分钟，4篇长阅读，每文章6-7道题，25道题，每道题做题<1分钟，每篇文章顶多有2.5分钟看A．有效信息1. 原文的有效信息2.3.B．相似点决策能力区别两个类似选项，如果A B，但是B ，即选了A就可以推出B也正确，那么不可以选A，因为此时将有两个都正确的选项，则应选BC．Scanning 搜索美国高中水平：2500-4000 词汇内搜索1个单词，在1分钟之内1.找什么2.怎么快速找到3.二次精确定位——逻辑思维精确定位Eg: 在题目完全不变的情况下，文章内容不同，查找方式不同○1如果题目Key Word所问为文中某段细节则找与Key Word附近的观点句如没有，找本段的观点句如没有，整段为细节，找段首句，判断是否有明显与前后段联系，如前，则找前段观点，如后，找后端观点如没有与前后段逻辑联系，则为全文中心观点句○2如果题目Key Word在全文中多次出现，则此Key Word不为细节，目的为引出全文观点4.如何快速读GAME：35分钟，24道题，只有can be此种题目比较难，类似于算法，当有N种类似考题，平均速度而言，那种思想所用时间最少，can be 题目时间问题对原文题目，是其题目每个条件限制度的高低，越是低限制的，可能性越大2.英文能力：句子：A.一遍拿下句子的方法（练习1个月即可）1.断点——断点是按照顺序，断点的，不是分析2.加词——在断点处加词3.语序理解——修饰语与被修饰语隔的很远，通过对语序的理解，获得整体接受句子句子决定单词意思信息记忆：用中文记，但是不记中文翻译，用对方思想了解全部英文过程信息关联的记忆能力：原文+选项条件+问题三、复习1.资料：只用真题95年——2011年2.A.第一阶段学所有能力+ 思维95——99年考题B.第二阶段原理熟练○100——04年考题○2网课，解答问题C.第三阶段理性感性○1正确选项的感觉点05——11年考题○2考试情商第三阶段将LSAT融入生活中，全部去理解，整个考试的重点逻辑=语言逻辑+思维逻辑3-4 个月整体阶段170+提前准备过程：绝大多数阅读能力不够1.难句的学习——练习一遍读句子2.快速读文章——读文章后知道大多数信息。

国家地理分级阅读

国家地理分级阅读
国家地理分级阅读方法的基本思想是，对于不同水平的阅读能力的学生，需要提供不同级别的阅读材料和教学策略，以满足他们的学习需求。

例如，对于初学者，需要提供简单的阅读材料，如简单的故事和图画书，
以帮助他们建立基本的阅读能力。

对于更有经验的读者，需要提供更复杂
的阅读材料，如科技文献和文学经典，以帮助他们更深入地理解和分析文本。

国家地理分级阅读方法的主要特点是：（1）提供适合不同年龄和阅
读水平的教材，以满足学生的需求；（2）提供富有启发性的问题和活动，以帮助学生更深入地理解和分析文本；（3）为学生提供多种教学策略和
支持措施，以帮助他们在阅读过程中遇到问题时得到帮助。

国家地理分级阅读方法的实践效果在不少国家都得到了验证。

例如，
英国的国家地理阅读计划（National Geographic Reading Programme）
就采用了这种方法来帮助年轻学生提高阅读能力。

该计划将文本分为四个
难度级别，并为每个级别提供不同的教学材料和策略。

通过该计划的实践，英国学生的阅读能力和兴趣得到了提高。

除了国家地理阅读计划外，还有不少其他的阅读计划和教材也采用了
分级阅读方法。

例如，美国的阅读A-Z和Fountas and Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention等都是著名的分级阅读教材。

总而言之，国家地理分级阅读方法是一种帮助学生提高阅读能力和兴
趣的有效教学方法。

通过将文本分为不同的难度级别，并为每个级别提供
不同的教学策略和支持措施，可以帮助学生更好地理解和分析文本，从而
提高阅读能力和成就感。

GWD资料运用指南

GWD也许是所有GMAT准备资料里最神秘的一部分。

无论从与实战的相似性，还是从实战中题目的重现率来讲，都非常的神奇。

姑且不论题目是谁通过何种渠道得来的，鉴于很多的朋友都很困惑于如何利用这份宝贵资料。

在此，我发表一点个人意见，谨供大家参考。

1.使用GWD的时间：鉴于GWD的仿真程度与重现程度，建议考前一个月开始严格时间模考GWD，必须加上作文。

GWD+天山之后机考模考princeton, kaplan,最后考前2天pp3。

2.使用GWD的焦点：a.头重脚轻，先难后易：GWD的题并非自适应的，那既是无论你这道题做对做错也不会影响到下道题的难度。

但我认为GWD的出题顺序有一定规律，那既是前两篇阅读都出得很早。

并且SC在前25道的难度比后面大，且划线较长（纯属个人意见）。

CR部分我一向不怎么在意所以没有关注，总体感觉前后差不多难度。

因此，除去非典型性G友，阅读与SC的长难句应该是最容易丢分的地方。

那么做GWD前面错体多就没什么奇怪的了。

如何克服这个问题呢？（1）大全987与og中全划线与大部分划线的SC题是否可以提炼出来横向比较一下？观察一下这种变态提醒的共同之处。

比如：1.谓语很难找，喜欢考察主谓一致。

2.定语从句的平行，即that...,that...and that的结构。

3.分词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。

4.动词结构的平行+插入语，逻辑主语与平行是考点。

……（2）阅读就比较麻烦了，关于这方面的帖子困境区很容易找，我就不赘述了。

（三两句也说不出来什么）b.做题时间把握：强烈提出这点。

GWD和实战没有什么区别。

我认为就是实战的题。

所以时间的把握在这个部分的模考中可以得到很好的锻炼。

试问：有无必要一道SC题想5分钟？大家都明白，真正分析清楚自己能分析的清楚的考点就最多45秒的事情。

两个选项从语法点上选不出来，就看逻辑意思。

难道说你多看几分钟答案就出来了？50道1个小时的987大全，看过无数遍og解释，你要相信自己有语感，有经验。

2023年高考英语阅读d篇文本解析

2023年高考英语阅读d篇文本解析一、引言2023年的高考英语阅读D篇一直以来都是考生关注的焦点，这篇文章将针对这一年的高考英语阅读D篇文本进行深入解析，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容，提高答题准确率。

二、文本解析1. 文章主题：文章主要围绕环保主题展开，关注人类活动对自然环境的影响，以及环境保护的重要性。

这一主题在近年来高考英语阅读中屡见不鲜，因此考生对此类主题应有所准备。

2. 文章结构：文章结构清晰，由浅入深，逐步深入。

开头部分简单介绍背景，然后逐步引入主题，展开论述，最后得出结论。

3. 重点词汇与句型：文章中出现了一些关键的环保词汇和句型，如“生态平衡”、“温室效应”、“可持续发展”等，考生在阅读过程中应注意积累这些词汇和句型，以提高阅读理解能力。

4. 题目设置：文章后附有5-10道题目，分别从主旨题、细节题、推断题等不同题型考查考生的阅读理解能力。

考生在解题过程中应关注题干与选项之间的细微差别，提高答题准确性。

三、难点解析1. 背景知识：文章涉及到的环保主题对于部分考生来说可能较为陌生，需要具备一定的相关知识背景。

因此，考生在备考过程中应加强环保知识的积累，提高阅读理解能力。

2. 推理判断：文章中存在一些需要考生通过推理判断才能得出答案的题目，对于这部分题目，考生应注重培养自己的逻辑思维能力，提高解题准确性。

3. 细节把握：在阅读过程中，考生应注重对文章细节的把握，如专有名词、数字、时间等关键信息的识别，以提高答题速度和准确性。

四、备考建议1. 积累词汇：考生应加强词汇的积累，尤其是与环保主题相关的词汇，为阅读理解打下基础。

2. 提高阅读速度：考生在备考过程中应注重提高阅读速度，以适应高考英语阅读的题量要求。

3. 强化练习：考生应多进行英语阅读练习，尤其是针对环保主题的阅读练习，以提高阅读理解能力和答题准确性。

4. 注重总结：考生在练习过程中应注重总结解题方法和技巧，提高解题效率。

总之，2023年高考英语阅读D篇文本是一篇围绕环保主题展开的文章，考生在备考过程中应加强环保知识的积累，提高阅读理解能力和答题准确性。

GWD笔记

前言1.Why（研究考题）.How（研究自己）区别1.设想自己在紧张的状态之下，第一次做题时，你所能够读懂和记住的量2.研究非常简单的一个思路1.80%原则——做对80%即可2.只有一个方法——感觉3.自己的思路怎么改，就可以做对，且适用于各种情况2.GMAT思维——商科所需要具备的思维方式1.不许判断对否，判断是否一定不对，及是否沾点边（第一步）（阅读）经过长时间，形成火山链与火山岛，这能够标记处与移动板块的相对位置。

（选项）这些火山岛都是不同年代的第一步后剩一个选项选他，不许验证2.客观（逻，阅）1.信息1.字面信息允许接受2.信息所存在前提（这是已知信息，其他都是未知信息）有水，管卫东，管卫东能喝——管卫东喝水—/—管卫东渴了(往后推不行，往前推可以) A城市比B城市平均寿命高：a比b环境好（错）医疗设施好（错）这话与死亡相关（对）2.思维——不能加入自己的常识把它与别的构建联系逻辑：冬天的积雪会把树枝压断，砸到小汽车上，导致车受损，但是树枝砸到导致受损的小汽车，秋天反倒比冬天多了很多，下面那个选项可以解释原文现象a.秋天的风比冬天的风更大，会把更多的树枝挂断（不加任何想法，就可以获得的结果）b.车主们都知道这件事，因此在冬天的时候，他们很少把车放在树下，但在秋天时，他们会把车放在树下(加了只有把车放那，才会出现这种情况)阅读：问文章的中心思想是什么：行为科学在商学院的课程中是很重要的一门课，但是现在行文科学需要通过斗争才能获得在商学院的一席之地。

a.指出一些因素影响了商学院的课程中某个领域的威望（说有关地位高低，与题相同）b.指出在商学院的课程中应该有个变化了（错，没说要改改）阅读：“当一个人想买一个便宜的房子，而不考虑房子危险性的话，他应该去找中介公司，找中介公司，一定能让他获得一个便宜的房子，但同时是一个有危险性的房子”问当一个想买一个便宜的房子，应该干什么？a.买房子既要考虑价格又要考虑质量b.买房子要小心，不要被中介公司骗了c.买房子之前应该把房子好好检查一遍d.买房子要考虑房子的危险性（选）（买房子与危险性的关系，只有这个沾边）3.逻辑思维（不追求完美）生活态度：与别人说话永远假设对方什么都不知道；当别人跟你说话时，永远假设他不说的你什么也不知道；生活中当你处理一个决定是，问自己这个事情的前提成立吗？1.不充分性有一个人看到两只鸟是乌鸦，他推测估计他看到的下只鸟仍旧是乌鸦：以下哪个支持原文A.乌鸦一般而言成群移动不能推出下只鸟一定是乌鸦，但是是乌鸦的可能高了点，所以对。

gwd模考错10个

gwd模考错10个
作为一名职业写手，我根据所提供的文本为您提供以下文章。

这篇文章旨在帮助您解决在gwd模考中错误率较高的问题，提高您的答题能力和成绩。

首先，让我们分析一下问题背景。

在gwd模考中错10个题，可能是因为以下几个原因：对知识点掌握不熟练、解题技巧不足、考试心态不稳定等。

为了提高您的成绩，我们需要针对这些原因制定相应的改进策略。

接下来，我们来看一下改进方法与策略。

1.加强知识点学习：针对自己在模考中错误的知识点，查找相关资料，深入学习，确保对知识点有扎实的理解。

2.提高解题技巧：多做一些模拟题和真题，总结解题规律，熟练掌握各类题型的解题方法。

3.调整考试心态：在平时的练习中，养成良好的考试习惯，如控制答题速度、合理安排时间等。

遇到难题时，保持冷静，适时跳过，等其他题目完成后再回来解决。

4.反馈与总结：每次模考后，都要认真总结自己的错误原因，找出问题所在，并对照改进。

可以与老师或同学交流，吸取他们的经验和方法。

在实践中，您可以根据以上策略进行调整。

在一段时间的坚持后，若错误率有所降低，说明方法有效，需继续坚持。

若错误率仍然较高，可以进一步分析原因，调整策略。

最后，总结一下关键点：加强知识点学习、提高解题技巧、调整考试心态、反馈与总结。

希望这些建议能对您在gwd模考中的成绩提高有所帮助。

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不了句子
句子语境确定单词意思
GMAT 备考资料大全内容如下：
GMAT 真题为 Word 版本，将近 1800 道。
======================GMAT 备考讲座录音 ======================
管卫东 2006 年经贸大讲座英吉 2006 年 GMAT 暑期讲座
======================GMAT 模拟考试软件 ======================
6、GMAT 写作
WXTT WXTT 练习英文打字的软件
SUNYUAN 孙远作文讲义 AWASOFTWARE 一个不错的 AWA 练习软件 2001_awa_topics 800SCOREAWA 800SCOREAWA 精解 translation AWA2001 翻译 AWAformer&7c AWA 模版及七宗罪精要 AWA AWA 完全手册 FEIHUA 废话模版 Issue 各路大侠作文模版汇总 golden80 黄金 80 题 adage 经典作文谚语 SUNYUAN-SENTENCE 孙远闪光巨型 GMAT 写作样文 178
2、GMAT 数学
feifei_math 《费费 GMAT 数学宝典》详解版历年经典机经难题的总结，GMAT 数学考试必备！ GMATmath-n&c GMAT 数学概念和名词 GMAT 数学考试必备概念和名词，总结的很全面。 GMATmath GMAT 数学难题集做 kaplan/princeton 时遇到的难题总结，很有代表性 FF_MATH 狒狒数学难题详解共七个部分，解答比较详尽 QYQ-GRE&GMAT_MATH 钱永强 GRE&GMAT 数学精解对 GMAT 数学有比较详细的介绍，同时有一些经典难题的讲解，适用于系统复习
5、GMAT 阅读
us_economics 美国经济学杂志 yangpeng 杨鹏阅读 flowerword 花儿阅读词汇 flowerD 花儿阅读日记 GREREADING GRE 阅读剖析及全真题解读 GMATREADING GMAT 阅读心法 GREreading GRE 阅读攻略 GRE100 GRE 阅读难句精解 100，提高 GMAT 阅读能力的至宝 LASTREADING LAST 阅读方法的选择和评价 OG-RC OG-RC 部分 TestprepREADING Testprep 阅读精解 gmatsoftware 一个不错的 GMAT 电子阅读软件 reading 阅读精解电子版
类的阅读题
间定位答案
没时间做完
逻辑思维抓住阅读命门，1 遍就能记住
找答案速度慢
题海战术，劳心劳力费时，效果题设选项映射原文，快速锁定答案
不佳
长句难于理解
分析句子结构，按照中文语序重
组句子
断点+接词，长句变短句，理解百分百
单词不全认识就理解查生词
Barrons 模考软件新东方 HighGMAT 模考软件
======================GMAT 相关复习资料 ======================
1、GMAT 综合
管卫东 GMAT 培训笔记此为管卫东 GMAT 精品培训班课堂笔记，窥视 6000 元的精品课程精髓。GMAT 复习强烈推荐！ 800score 800score5 套题目 GMAT_Official_Guide_10th_edition 电子版 pdf_lsat PDF 版 LSAT review GMAT xdf XDF 补充教材（阅读、语法、逻辑、数学分册）含答案 xdf-gre 新东方 GRE 练习（针对 GMAT 阅读） xdf-old 新东方老教材 new13 最新题 13 套 ETS-VERBAL ETS 官方 VERBAL 说明 calendar GMAT 学习每日记录表格
7、GMAT 词汇资料
BarronsGMAT Barrons 公司的 GMAT 词汇复习软件。 GMAT_science GMAT 常考科技词汇 YMH_GMAT_explain 愈敏洪 GMAT 词汇串讲 YMH_GMAT_explain_WORD 愈敏洪 GMAT 词汇串讲表 WORD 版 GMAT_word GMAT 词汇精选 GMAT_f_record GMAT 词频笔记 TOEFL_f_record TOEFL 词频笔记 HMY_TOEFL_explain 愈敏洪 TOEFL 词汇串讲
GWD 阅读
阅读难点
传统解法
管卫东解法
单词都认识还是看不死记繁琐冗杂的语法，分析句子
懂
结构
单词的上意扫除理解死角
读一遍不能立刻反映分析语法结构，精读句子，钻研英语语序突破生单词多、句法结构复
出意思
长难句
杂造成的理解瓶颈
阅读速度慢
阅读各种题材的文章，做 N 多分鱼跃式阅读法提升速度数倍，助你瞬
3、GMAT 逻辑部分资料
GMATOfficialGuide-CR GMAT Official Guide 全部逻辑部分搜集整理了 ETS 官方复习资料 GMAT Official Guide 书中全部逻辑部分。 materials_GMAT_CR 吴强的 GMAT 逻辑讲义 Kaplan_GMAT_RC-A1 Kaplan 的逻辑 GMAT 题库-A1(带解释)Kaplan 公司出的 GMAT 模考题逻辑题库，附带习题详解。 LSAT_CR LSAT CR 总结 LSAT 考试逻辑部分总结。包括一些网友评论。给大家多些联系题，提高逻辑能力。 LSAT_yellowbook LSAT 黄皮书－电子版一个比较全的 LAST 逻辑复习资料，附答案。给大家多些练习题，提高逻辑能力。
feifei_CR 狒狒逻辑宝典新东方费允杰老师的逻辑复习题及参考答案，共 135 道题。 GMAT_LSAT_CR 逻辑复习资料大全内含 N 道 GMAT、LSAT 逻辑复习题，及答案。喜欢题海战术的朋友可以看看。
4、GMAT 语法
GMAT-SC-lzm 《GMAT 语法精解》刘振民目前国内唯一一本专门钟对语法的辅导书 GMAT-SC GMAT SC 要点完全归纳 OG-SCde 的完全归纳，所有的题目均来自 offical guide.t203 GMAT_Sentence Correction Skills 共八点，简明扼要 GMATSC-all GMAT 句子改错大全 GMAT 的句子改错题完全归纳 phrase gmat 语法常用词组 og 和新东方补充材料上近 800 道题里涉及的常用词组 shilinGMATsc（WORD）石林 GMAT 语法总结（WORD 版）包括错误类型、语法原则及对新东方经验规律的总结 GMATscNOTE GMAT 句子改错讲义六个类型题分类详解 OFFICIAL GUIDE_SC 语法部分 OFFICIAL GUIDE 语法部分 OG_SC_FULL_VERSION OFFICIAL GUIDE 语法部分完全版 BAIYONG piloteer 的白勇题目注解 Testprep_SC Testprep 语法精解 answer to supplement 新东方补充材料答案 baiyong_sc 白勇语法 SC ADVANCED 笨叮当 SC ADVANCED SHILIN_sc 石林语法笔记总结
2006-2007 年 GMAT 官方模考软件 GMATPrep Princeton 2006-2007 模考软件 Kaplan HighScore 2006 for GMAT PowerPrep 3 for GMAT（PP3） PP3 OG 题库插件 RevGMAT2.31 PP3 Review 2.31 for GMAT