Halloween万圣节

Becoming an American Tradition
Halloween arrived in North America courtesy of Irish and Scottish emigrants who brought stories of Samhain and Hallowmas, as well as tales of ghosts and spirits with them in the 1840’s, during the Irish Potato Famine. The holiday flourished into what is now modern day Halloween.
西元八百年時，基督教傳入塞爾特人居住的區域 。當時的教宗明訂十一月一日為萬聖節All Saints Day，又稱 All Hallowmas，來紀念所有的聖人和 騎士。因此，十月三十一日就成了萬聖節前夕， 英文稱之All Hallows Eve，而後來人們便簡稱十 月三十一日為Halloween。
Even later, in A.D. 1000, the Christian church made November 2nd All Soul’s Day, a day to honor the dead. It was celebrated with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels, and devils. Together, the three celebrations, All Hallows Eve, All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day, were called Hallowmas.
过去，变装打扮是为了让鬼魂 们搞不清楚，免得惹祸上身。 现在，虽然人们不再相信鬼魂 们会在阳间跑来跑去，但是小 孩子还是会装扮自己到处玩不 给糖就捣蛋的游戏﹔而大人则 是觉得装扮自己有趣又好玩。
Trick-orTrick-or-treating
不给糖就捣蛋的游戏起源于要灵魂饼干的习俗，所 谓的灵魂饼干就是将烤好的饼干祭祀过世的人。后 来，基督教会鼓励贫穷的人在收获的季节里挨家挨 户地乞求食物，若是得到食物，这些穷人就会帮这 家庭中过世的人祈祷以谢谢他们。
Costuming
Costumes were worn by the Celts for Samhain and the Christians for All Hallows’ Eve as a disguise to confuse and/or scare away the spirits/ghosts they believed were freely roaming the Earth from possessing their souls. Today, although we no longer believe that spirits are flying freely, modernized costumes are worn at Halloween by children going trick-ortreating and by adults seeking fun and amusement.
1840年代，爱尔兰区发生了饥荒，一些爱 尔兰及苏格兰人移民到北美洲，也把这些 习俗和鬼故事带到了北美洲，渐渐地，北 美洲人也开始庆祝Halloween(万圣节)。
Traditions of Halloween
许多关于Halloween(万圣节)习俗，包括变装打扮 ，不捣蛋就给糖的游戏，咬苹果的游戏，刻番瓜 灯笼，和点燃大营火等习俗，都可以追溯到凯尔 特人Samhain节，或是Hallowmas这些节日。
The modern day custom of Trick-orTreating originated from the very old custom of “Going-a-souling” or begging for soul cakes. Soul cakes were baked goods offered to souls of the departed. The Christian Church encouraged the practice of the needy going from home to home gathering food (Going-a-souling) at Harvest time. Prayers for the recently deceased from the needy were exchanged with the giving family.
万圣节
October
st 31
is Halloween
万圣节是世界上最老的节日之一，在10 月31 日这天，有许多国家，如：美国,加拿大,英格 兰,爱尔兰,苏格兰Baidu Nhomakorabea墨西哥,拉丁美洲,西班牙等 ，都会庆祝万圣节的来临。
Halloween is one of the world’s oldest holidays, celebrated in several countries around the globe including the USA, Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, Mexico, Latin America, and Spain.
在2000多年前的爱尔兰地区及法国北 多年前的爱尔兰地区及法国北 住着一群凯尔特 凯尔特人 部，住着一群凯尔特人，而万圣节就 是起源于古塞尔特人的一个叫做 Samhain的节庆 。 的节庆
Halloween’s origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in). The Celtic peoples lived over 2,000 years ago In the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Northern France.
Pumpkin Carving
众人皆知的杰克番瓜灯是刻在番瓜上， 众人皆知的杰克番瓜灯是刻在番瓜上，但人们一开 始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼， 始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并 点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。 点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世 的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上， 的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回 他们也被视为可趋魔避邪的象征。在北美洲， 来。他们也被视为可趋魔避邪的象征。在北美洲， 萝卜，马铃薯和甜菜很罕见， 萝卜，马铃薯和甜菜很罕见，因此常见的番瓜就成 了非常适合的代替品。 了非常适合的代替品。
Summer and the beginning of Winter.
This time of year was often associated with human death.
凯尔特人选在每年11月1日庆祝新年 ，正值夏天结束，冬天刚开始的时 节多半让人联想到黑暗的死亡。
The Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred as the dead searched for the afterlife. Thus, on the night of October 31st, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to Earth to cause mischief and trouble.
凯尔特人借着神圣的营火，燃烧献祭的 动物和尸体，以赶走可怕的鬼魂并祈求 神的保护。同时，凯尔特人也会假扮成 鬼的样子，企图混淆跑到阳间的鬼魂 。
The Impact of Christianity
By the A.D. 800’s, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. Pope Boniface IV designated November 1st All Saints Day, a time to honor Saints and Martyrs. It was known as All Hallowmas. Thus, October 31st became known as All Hallows Eve, and eventually was shortened to the current day title, Halloween.
For the Celtic peoples, the New Year was celebrated on November 1st of every year. For the Celtic This datethe New Year end of Summer on the peoples, marked the was celebrated and November 1st beginning of Winter. of every year. This date marked the end of
Many of the traditions associated with Halloween can be traced back to the ancient festivals of Samhain and Hallowmas. Traditions include costuming, trick-ortreating, bobbing for apples, pumpkin carving, and the lighting of bonfires.
而穷人们对那些吝啬不给食物的人通常会以恶作剧 来惩罚他们，或是诅咒他们下一年都会厄运缠身。 大部分人都认为不给糖就捣蛋是起源于恶作剧之夜 和要灵魂饼干 (going-a-souling) 的习俗。
Those not offering goods were usually punished with a trick on Halloween night or hexed with misfortune for the next year. The term “trick-ortreat” is thought to have first originated in Britain where Halloween was known as “Mischief Night” and the practice of “going-a-souling” was common.
公元一千年左右，基督教订定十一月二日为All Souls’ Day ( 万灵节 )来纪念所有的死去的灵魂 。借着大型营火，游行和变装打扮成圣人，天 使或恶灵的方式来庆祝。综合这三个节日All Hallows Eve (万圣节前夕)，All Saints’ Day (万 圣节) 和 All Souls’ Day (万灵节)，就叫做 Hallowmas.
凯尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间 和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴 间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人 们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日 晚上，凯尔特人会庆祝Samhain这个 节日，以趋魔避邪。
To commemorate the event, people built huge sacred bonfires where animals and crops were sacrificed to the Gods for protection, and to help scare ghosts away. The Celts also wore costumes to disguise themselves, in an attempt to confuse the spirits roaming the Earth.