研究生英语
研究生学位英语考试作文范文
How to win love
As a human being, one can hardly live in a good condition without love. As the old saying goes, no man is an island. In other words, on one can’t live a happy life without love from family, friends or lover. And every sign points to the fact that life will become happier, more insteresting and significant if one is loved by other people.
How to win love? Many people maybe believe that love can be winned based on following aspects: Firstly, love should be winned on condiction of similar interests or opposites attract, or even kin. Secondly, whatever the comment, love must be winned firmly based on trust and understanting. Thirdly, concern on other people must be not omitted to win love.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in wining love. As far as I am concerned, I think that winning love don't depend on whether one is rich or poor, health or disease, but on whether his heart is honest, with passion tolerant for other people. If one treat other people with honest and tolerant heart with passion, he must win love. This is because love is in everynoe’s heart.
How to live a worthy life
As a human being, one can hardly live in a good condition without a worthy life. As the old saying goes, one’s value but not life is eternal. In other words, only worthy life could be eternal. And every sign points to the fact that life will become happier, more insteresting and significant if one live a worthy life.
How to live a worthy life? Many people maybe believe that a worthy life can be obtained based on following aspects: Firstly, a worthy life must be on condiction of sociality but not individuality. This means that one’s society value decide whether he live in a worthy life. Secondly, whatever the comment, a worthy life must be firmly based on one’s contribution to society construction. Thirdly, spirit effect on other people must be not omitted to live a worthy life.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in living a worthy life. As far as I am concerned, I think that living in a worthy life don't depend on whether one is rich or poor, health or disease, but on whether his heart is honest, with passion tolerant for life. If one treat life and society with honest and tolerant heart with passion, he must live a worthy life. This is because a worthy life is in everynoe’s heart.
Individualism vs Collectivism
As a human being, one can hardly live in a good condition without a collectivity. As the old saying goes, no man is an island. In other words, if one can’t obtain help, concern or encourage from the collectivity, he won’t get a big success. And every sign points to the fact that individual will become happier, more insteresting and significant if one live a united collectivity.
Individualism or collectivism, which one and when should be needed? Many people maybe believe that collectivism must be needed with following aspects: Firstly, collectivism must be on condiction of meeting requirement of nation or community. Secondly, whatever the comment, collectivism must be firmly based on discipline that the minority should submit to the majority. Thirdly, collectivism must focus on creating immense productivity.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in individualism vs collectivism. As far as I am concerned, I think that collectivism and individualism don't depend on whether individual is rich or poor, health or disease, but on whether his heart is honest, with passion tolerant for the collectivity. Individualism can be conducted without harm for the collectivity. If one treat collectivity and society with honest and tolerant heart with passion, he must live a good collective life. This is because the collectivism should be in everynoe’s heart.
Which one is gold, silence or speech?
As a human being, one can hardly live in a normal condition without speech. However, as the old saying goes, silence is gold. In other words, one should speech as little as possible. Oppositely, every sign points to the fact that speech will become more important for communication with development of society
Which one is gold, silence or speech? Many people maybe believe that silence must be needed based on following reasons: Firstly, more speech leads to more mistake, which will show other people more advantages. Secondly, whatever the comment, silence must be conducted under some important situation. Thirdly, silence may be a measurement to appease one’s mood.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in silence or speech. As far as I am concerned, I think that silence or speech. don't completely depend on one’s personality in nowdays, but on whether society communication is needed. Speech need be conducted if communication, such as commerce, politics and life, are needed. If one want to live a good life, he must control silence or speech well in different condition. When speech is needed, the silence is not absolutely gold.
Young people without an education
As a human being, one can hardly live in a good condition without eduction. As the old saying goes, education is root of a nation and young people is future of a nation. In other words, young people with an education is future of a nation. Unfortunately, every sign points to the many young people without an education still exist in the society.
What produce this phenomena? Many people maybe believe that this phenomena can be explained based on following reasons: Firstly, family is common reason. Parents or economy may be main reason in family. Secondly, whatever the comment, teacher is another effective reason, a unqualified teacher maybe make children lost their instereting on education. Thirdly, children don’t have possitive mind on education.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in wining love. As far as I am concerned, I think that young people without an education don't depend on family, teacher or themselves, but on whether education manner and system is proper. If education manner and system can make every child with opportunity and interesting on education, young people without an education must be less and less.
The organic foods
As a human being, one can hardly live in a good condition without good supply of foods. As the old saying goes, man is iron and foods is steel. In other words, foods is very important necessity for human being. And every sign points to the fact that more and more new foods, such organic ones, appear with development.
What make the organic foods come into being? Many people maybe believe that it can be explained based on following reasons: Firstly, science is more and more advanced, more types of food can be produced. Secondly, whatever the comment, some businessmen always produce show-off of new food concept to more profit. Thirdly, more and more people more healthy life style and thus so-called more healthy foods, such as organic ones.
With different outlooks, individuals may have different principles in wining love. As far as I am concerned, I think that appearance of the organic foods don't depend on sicence, business profit, but only on people’s health demands. With development of society, people live better and better life. In this situation, people must want to live healthy life to obtain longer life. Therefore, they need choose more heathy foods, which give birth to the organic foods.
The Fourth Millennium in My Eyes
As a human being, one can’t live eternal life. The next millennium is always secret in one’s eyes. However, as the old saying goes, the sicience and technology is the first productivity. In other words, we can imgine the fourth millennium according this truth. And every sign points to the fact that the sicience and technology have make human life world-shaking.
What will the fourth millennium become? I believe that human life in the fourth millennium can sum up as following aspects: Firstly, more materials will be used for producing clothes for a comfortable purpose. Secondly, whatever the comment, foods will be more various and more heathy. Thirdly, living space for human being may be not only in the earth. Fourthly, vehicle which is more rapid and various will appear. All above aspects will make human life more convenient.
Although human life can’t be accurately described in the fourth millennium, there is one point which can be determined in words. That is that human being will more cherish their living environment, their affection will become more true and virtuous and people must live a happier life.
研究生英语My English Story
My English Story Part 1(Past) Before entering middle school, English is a remote and mysterious realm I roughly have not ever touched. In other words, I began to learn English till I was 12 years old, about 5 or more years later than other children around me. And hence I have a rough time when I attempt to learn it. For instance, asked by my classmates, “What is your name, please?”, I felt so inferior and downcast because I may hardly recite the 26 letters at that time. Fortunately for me, my English teacher, Mrs. Sun, encouraged and helped me a lot. She gave me extra classes during her noon break. She told me I should never be too timid to use English and must have enough valor to speak loudly. With her selfless help, I finally caught up with my classmates after months of hard working. I felt enlightened and became interesting in English, though I could only say measly several simple sentences such as “Good morning” and “How old are you”. Afterwards my English learning gradually turned in a relatively positive direction. However, the primary force I studied English was simple, just to get a higher school record to go to a better high school. And in the high school, it changed to go to a better university. As a result of this simple but inappropriate motive, after being accepted by Harbin Institute of Technology to get a bachelor's degree and breezing through the CET4, 6, I hardly learned English for quite a long time, nearly two years. On one occasion, I read a poem from Tagore’s Stray Bird. Different fro m my usual reading, it is written in English. And it gave me more fantastic sense than when I read its Chinese translation. This fantastic sense gave me totally new aspiration to relearn English. As I found I extremely need English to know more about the world. Part 2(Present) Trying to get my master’s degree smoothly, I currently use English in readings of foreign literature in my field of expertise. Due to the previous learning, I may digest some elementary literature with the help of my teachers and dictionaries. But that is not enough, I must try to learn more. Very luckily, I get a foreign teacher, Mrs. Taylor, to give me guidance in learning English. This is the first time I get in touch with a native speaker of English so frequently. Mrs. Taylor speaks clearly and fluently, it is a relish to go to her class. In her class, we enjoy harmonious and relaxed atmosphere she establishes for us . She not only tells us how to learn English effectively, but also gives us much more knowledge about the foreign world. Watching the movies she recommends to us, we improve our English, at the same time, we begin to think more about the gap between China and the western world in politics, economy and culture. On the other side, I integrate my English learning in daily leisure and entertainments.
硕士研究生英语考试高频词汇表
硕士研究生考试英语高频词汇表 ［A］charge ［A］指控 ［B］curse ［B］诅咒 ［C］accuse ［C］控告 ［D］scold ［D］责骂 ［A］abandon ［A］放弃 ［B］desert ［B］抛弃 ［C］injure ［C］伤害 ［D］punish ［D］惩罚 ［A］damage ［A］损害,伤害 ［B］spoil ［B］宠坏 ［C］hurt ［C］伤害 ［D］harm ［D］伤害 ［A］sentence ［A］判决 ［B］tear ［B］撕破 ［C］wreck ［C］(船,飞机的)失事 ［D］fatigue ［D］疲劳 ［A］release ［A］释放 ［B］relieve ［B］使宽慰，减轻 ［C］loosen ［C］放松，松弛 ［D］dismiss ［D］解散，解雇，驳回 ［A］grant ［A］同意,准予 ［B］entitle ［B］授权,给...权利 ［C］credit ［C］相信,信任,信贷 ［D］give ［D］交给 ［A］attraction ［A］吸引力 ［B］attention ［B］注意 ［C］arrangement ［C］安排 ［D］appointment ［D］约会 ［A］appoint ［A］任命,委派 ［B］order ［B］整顿 ［C］arrange ［C］安排 ［D］tidy ［D］整理 ［A］tip ［A］给...小费 ［B］offer ［B］提供 ［C］present ［C］赠送,提出,呈现 ［D］represent ［D］代表 ［A］equip ［A］装备 ［B］install ［B］安装 ［C］furnish ［C］供应 ［D］provide ［D］供应,供给
研究生英语精读教程第三版上unit one原文
Unit One Text: You Are What You Think And if you change your mind-from pessimism to optimism -you can change your life Claipe Safran [1] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. [2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University①in Houston②，"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills." [3] "Your abilities count," explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie Mellon University③in Pittsburgh④, "but
研究生英语上Summary
Unit1 How to read a book “Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.” Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago. However, what are the criteria for those books to be “chewed and digested?” How to tell good literature form bad literature? On these issues, people don’t seem to have reached an agreement. In the article, Joseph Brodsky first states that people’s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read. Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job; even book reviewers can’t help much. In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the moist concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation. Unit2 Recession-proofing Your Career In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself fro a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are
英语专业考研院校排名
以下都是按阶梯排名的，感觉比较权威了，希望被采纳~~~ 第一阶梯北大复旦南大中大北外厦大上外 第二阶梯南开清华广外北师大南师大华东师大对外经贸 第三阶梯解外浙大华中师大上海交大华南师大北二外东南 第四阶梯川外天外武大暨大川大山大西南大学湖南师大 第五阶梯苏大人大大外吉大北语西外华南理工中南 第六阶梯福建师大上大同济中国海洋河大西安交大重大 英语专业考研、研究生：翻译研究、翻译学方向 主要研究中西翻译理论，翻译史，口、笔译技巧，对名家名著的翻译作品进行赏析，并从中、外文化的不同角度进行对比研究。介绍、就业前景和方向、招生院校介绍。 开设学校：北京外国语大学、广东外语外贸大学、上海外国语大学等。 研究内容：主要研究中西翻译理论，翻译史，口、笔译技巧，对名家名著的翻译作品进行赏析，并从中、外文化的不同角度进行对比研究。 该课程是英语语言学与文学专业硕士研究生的主干课程之一，由翻译理论和实践两部分组成。翻译理论主要包括翻译过程中对原文旨意、风格的分析与理解，翻译的功能，以语义翻译和交际翻译为主的各种翻译方法，翻译与文化的关系，翻译的标准等。翻译理论课的教学目的是使学生通过系统的翻译理论学习，对国内外影响较大的翻译理论、流派、代表人物有系统的了解，为今后的翻译实践奠定扎实的理论基础。翻译实践课的主要内容是进行与翻译理论同步的翻译实践，使学生通过翻译实践了解和熟悉各种翻译技巧，增强中英语言和文化差异对翻译影响的认识，进而提高实际翻译能力。 就业方向：多在外事外贸部门、大型企业，大多从事翻译工作。 所学课程：口译基础、笔译基础、交替口译、接续口译、同声传译、文体翻译、文学翻译、应用文翻译、文献翻译研究与实践、西方翻译理论概要、翻译理论与技巧、口译理论与技巧、语言与翻译等。 英语专业考研、英语专业研究生同声传译方向 开设学校：北京外国语大学、西安外国语大学、天津外国语学院、南开大学等。 研究内容：这是实践性很强的研究方向，主要学习英汉、汉英的同声翻译。 就业方向：主要就职于政府涉外部门、大型企事业单位和高校等。 所学课程：英汉笔译、汉英笔译、视译、英汉交替传译、汉英交替传译、英汉同声传译、汉英同声传译、翻译理论等。
复旦大学硕士研究生英语unit 1
Unit 1 https://www.360docs.net/doc/841257322.html,/programs/view/xXC3Y2_r66w https://www.360docs.net/doc/841257322.html,/v_show/id_XNzU3MjI3OTI4.html notion an idea, belief or understanding of sth ~ (of sth) She had only a vague ~ of what might happen. She had no notion of the difficulty of the problem. ~ (that…) I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing. make do with/without sth to manage with sth that not really good enough I have to make do with biscuits for lunch. I have to make do without bed this evening. She made do with an air mattress for a week. secure to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort ~ sth The team managed to secure a place in the finals. ~ sth for sb/sth/yourself He secured a place for himself at the law school. ~ sb/sth/yourself sth He secured himself a place at the law school. I went to sleep secure in the knowledge that I was not alone in the house. established respected or given official status because it has existed or been used for a long time They are an established company with a good reputation. This unit is now an established part of the course. control ~ (of/over sb/sth)the ability to make sb/sth do what you want; power, hold, influence The teacher has no control over the children. She lost control of her car on the ice. exercise ~ sth to use your power, rights or personal qualities to achieve sth When she appeared in court she exercised her right to remain silent. He was a man who exercised considerable influence over people. champion (of sth) a person, who fights for, or speaks in support of, a group of people or a belief She was a champion of the poor all her life. sphere 1 A solid figure that is completely round, with every point on its surface at an equal distance from the center.
研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社
Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers，missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors： The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为：毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为：华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier，author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为：《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons，scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为：随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse，the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:（建筑物）从两端都可进入的 全句可译为：这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子， 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days． 全句可译为：然而，今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为：对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击，可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict
研究生英语翻译答案
Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin. The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable
研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。
一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一(带答案)
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一 Section I Use of English （红色字体为参考答案） 以下真题及答案由聚创考研网收集整理，仅供参考，如有出入请以教育部公布的权威答案和解析为准！ Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day，few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now，the food police are determined our health that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This
研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
研究生英语精读教程（下）答案 Unit 2 Exercise A I．Comprehension 1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die． 2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family． 3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less． 4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death． 5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live． 6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple． 7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized． 10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter． Ⅱ．V ocabulary 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．D Ⅲ．Cloze 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C Ⅳ．Translation A．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。”我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自