高中英语语法讲解与练习之动名词与现在分词

动名词与现在分词的区别
三、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态和语态如下：
主动语态、被动语态、一般式writing、being written、完成式having written、having been written
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

如：I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

如：I don‟t remember having met him before.
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示。

如：
I don‟t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

（2）它的完成式表示。

如：
I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。

如：
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don‟t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。

如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。

（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。

如：She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。

四、常见题型：
1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词
3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you‟re calling
4）有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can‟t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
5）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it‟s no good; it‟s no/little/hardly any/ use; it‟s not/hardly/scarcely use; it‟s worthwhile; spend money/time; there‟s no; there‟s no po int in; there‟s nothing worse than; what‟s the use/point...
6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可（分为三种情况，详细参见现在分词语法讲解及练习）
五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。

在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。

相同点：
例如：
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。

She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。

区别：
1､表语：动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.
2､定语：动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质､状态或动作等｡试比较:
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
3.主语：动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。

（1）动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。

（2）有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。

（3）“There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。

4.宾语：动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。

（1）有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。

（2）有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。

5.状语：当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。

现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。

（表时间）
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。

（表原因）
下列句子中，哪些是动名词，哪些是现在分词
Smoking can cause cancer. waiting room Prices keep on increasing.
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. the rising generation
It‟s a wonder meeting you here. developing countries
He kept complaining. The main thing is getting there in time.
The news is encouraging. swimming pool
There was no arguing with her. living things
练习
26）Do you feel like ____ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home？
A）going。

to have B）to go。

to have C）to go。

having D）going。

have
27）Prior to ____ the formal speech，first he will introduce himself。

A）delivering B）deliver C）being delivering D）being delivered
28）I don…t mind ____ by bus，but I hate ____ in queues。

A）to travel。

standing B）traveled。

Standing C）traveling。

to stand D）traveling。

standing 29）What about ____ double quantities of everything today？We have hardly time to go____ next week。

A）buying。

to shop B）buy。

Shopping C）buying。

shopping D）to buy。

shopping
30）We had some trouble ____ the house and nobody seemed ____where it was。

A）in finding。

knowing B）finding。

to know C）to find。

knowing D）to find。

to know 31）We can…t imagine ____ in the entrance examination，for she has never been to school。

A）she succeeding B）her succeeding C）she succeed D）her to succeed
32）I don…t like ____ at me。

A）them laughing B）their laugh C）them laugh D）them to have laughed
33）We suggested ____ in hotels but the children were anxious ____ out。

A）sleeping。

to camp B）sleeping。

Camping C）to sleep。

to camp D）to sleep。

camping 34）I have no objection ____ the evening with them。

A）to spend B）to spending C）of spending D）spending
35）After ____ for the job，you will be required to take a language test。

A）being interviewed B）interviewed C）interviewing D）interviewed
36）The match was canceled because most of the members ____ a match without a standard court。

A）objected to B）were objected to have C）objected to have D）were objected to having
37）Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ____ for her examination。

A）to prepare B）to be prepared C）preparing D）being prepared
38）It is no good ____ remember grammatical rules。

You need to practice what you have learned。

A）trying to B）to try to C）try to D）tried to
39）After ____ him better，I regretted ____ him unfairly。

A）getting to know。

to judge B）getting to know。

to have judged
C）getting to have know。

judging D）getting to know。

having judged
40）He is looking forward to ____ his holiday in Britain。

A）spend B）have spent C）spending D）been spending
41）Before ____ the house，you should get a surveyor____ over it。

A）buying。

looking B）bought。

to look C）buying。

to have looked D）buying。

to look 42）In some countries people favor ____ together even though there is much more space。

A）to stay B）stay C）staying D）stayed
43）“Why was Fred so upset？”“He isn…t used ____ criticized。

”
A）be B）to be C）to being D）been
44）It…s no use ____ to get a bargain these days。

A）to expect B）expecting C）wanting D）you expect
45）“Why were you so late for work today？”“____ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic。

”
A）Driving B）I drove C）To drive D）That I drove
46）It was impolite of him ____without ____good－bye。

A）to leave，saying B）leaving，to say C）to leave，to say D）leaving，saying
47）He kept ____to his parents。

A）putting off to write B）to put off to write C）putting off writing D）to put off writing
48）I…ll go with you after I get through with ____the house。

A）cleaning B）to cleaning C）to be cleaned D）cleaned
49）With apples at 25 cents a pound，we couldn‟t resist ____four pounds。

A）to take B）took C）taking D）have taken
50）How can you keep the machine ____when you are away？
A）run B）to run C）running D）being run
工作篇
If you don't like something, change it. If you can't change it, change your attitude. George Bernard Shaw says, " The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to hi mself." Do not complain. Being self-centered is no help in getting on in this world. Cope with it.
如果你不喜欢某件事，那么改变它。

如果无法改变它，那么改变你的态度。

萧伯纳说：“明白事理的人使自己适应世界；不明事理的人想使世界适应自己。

”停止抱怨吧。

太过自我中心並不是在这社会出人头地的方法。