哥特式建筑简介(英文版)

Characteristics
Pointed Arch is simply known as the Gothic arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault（圆筒形 拱顶） of Roman Architecture. There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch can be made as large and high as possible. It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the pointed arch was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws.
（威斯敏斯特大教堂）
Salisbury Cathedral
（索尔兹伯里主教堂）
Germany
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Cologne Cathedral（科隆主教堂）:the
third highest cathedral in the world.Combining grandness and exquisite,it is known as the perfect model of cathedrals.
• Originating in France in the 12th century and lasting into the 16th century ,Gothic Architecture was known during the period as “the French Style”, while the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance.
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Notre-Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院） Cologne Cathedral（科隆大教堂）
History
Later period: Rayonnant Gothic and Flamboyant Gothic was developed until it was replaced by Renaissance Style in the 1500s.
Italy
Milan Cathedral（米兰大教堂）:the
second largest cathedrals in the world.It is not only the symbol but also the center of Milan.
China
Jinan Railway Station (济南老火车站）： It used to be the largest railway station in Asia and the only architectural community in the world.Though opposed by many citizens and scholars,the scheme of tearing down the station was carried out in 1992.
History
Early period: The first Gothic church is the Cathedral of Saint Denis ,built in France in 1143.
Cathedral of Saint Denis (圣丹尼大教堂）
History
Classic period: From late 1100s to middle 1200s.During this period, many world-famous Gothic churches were built one by one, such as Notre-Dame Cathedral and Cologne Cathedral
Four French Gothic churches
Amiens Cathedral （亚眠主教堂）
Beauvais Cathedral（博韦主教堂）
Lance Cathedral（兰斯主教堂）
Chartres Cathedral（沙特尔主教堂）
England
Westminster Cathedral
Conclusion
Since Gothic Architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe, it's just like a piece of solemn and holy canticle which expresses the holy faith of christian in Middle Ages.As you walk in a gothic church,you will find yourself in heaven,with ears filled with the scared melodies.
Gothic Architecture
Brief Introduction
• Gothic Architecture, is a style of architecture which flourished during the peak and the end of middle ages. It evolved from Romanesque Architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance Architecture.
Characteristics
The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which expresses people’s longing for heaven.
France
Notre Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院）： Many novels,movies and music dramas are named after it.
Palace of Westminster,which is also called Houses of Parliament,is one of the representative works of Gothic Revival Architecture
Characteristics
In Gothic architecture,a unique combination of existing technologies established the emergence of a new building style.Those technologies include the pointed arch（尖肋拱顶）， the flying buttress（飞扶壁）and the stained glass(花窗玻璃）.
①尖肋拱顶 Pointed Arch
Characteristics
②飞扶壁 flying buttress
A Flying Buttress is a specific type of buttress. The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof. However the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out to be known as flying buttress.They are used to transmit the horizontal thrust of a vault across an interventing space and to share the pressure from the main walls. The employment of the flying buttress means that the load bearing walls can contain cut-outs,such as for large windows,that would otherwise weaken them.
Characteristics
Flying buttress is covered with complicated decorations and elaborate carvings.
Characteristics
③花窗玻璃 stained glass
Gothic architecture gradually abolishes the gallery and aisle, and increase the size of window. These windows are high enough, almost to be used as the walls. The stained glass, covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines（教义） to illiterate people（文盲） is of high artistic achievement. There are two main colors, blue and red. Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ.
Eglise Notre-Dame du Sablon:A flamboyant gothic cathedral lying in the edge of Sablon in Brussels.
History
Revival period: Began in 1740’s in England. During the Revival the gothic style was used for its picturesque and romantic qualities instead of its structural possibilities or original functions.