哥特式建筑简介(英文版)
哥特式建筑风格
虽然扶壁在罗曼式建筑中即已得到大量运用 但哥特式建筑把原本实心的 被屋顶 遮盖起来的扶壁;都露在外面;称为飞扶壁 由于对教堂的高度有了进一步的要求;扶 壁的作用和外观也被大大增强了 亚眠大教堂的扶拱垛有两道拱壁;以支撑来自推 力点上方和下方的推力 沙特尔大教堂用横向小连拱廊增加其抗力;博韦大教堂则 双进拱桥增加扶拱垛的承受力 有的在扶拱垛上又加装了尖塔改善平衡 扶拱垛上
持续至十六世纪;哥德式建筑在当代普遍被称作法国式
哥特式一词则于文艺复兴后期出现;带有贬意 ;16世纪意大利文艺复兴的艺术思潮 是崇尚古代希腊罗马的艺术风格;而哥特式艺术与之回异其趣;并贬为半开化和野
蛮的样式;欧洲又把哥特人当做蛮族来看待;所以便把哥特强加给这种艺术了
实际上;哥特式艺术是中世纪最伟大的成就;而哥特式建筑以其高超的技术和艺术 成就;在建筑史上占有重要地位
中世纪后期的哥特式家具;多为封建君主上层社会及教堂家具;其造型 和装饰特征与当时的建筑一样;完全以基督教的政教思想为中心;旨在让人 产生腾空向上;直指天空与上帝同在的幻觉;并形成崇高 神权的至高无上; 产生惊奇和神密的情感 同时;哥特式家具还呈现出了庄严 威仪 雄伟 豪 华 挺拔向上的气势;其火焰式和繁茂的叶饰雕刻装饰;是兴旺 繁荣和力量 的象征;具有深刻的寓意性 哥特式家具是人类彻底地 自发地对结构美追 求的结果;它是一个完整 伟大而又原始的艺术体系;并为接踵而来的文艺 复兴时期家具奠定了坚主要由石头的骨架券和飞扶壁组成 其基本单元是在一个正方形或矩
形平面四角的柱子上作双圆心骨架尖券;四边和对角线上各一道;屋面石板架在券 上;形成拱顶 采用这种方式;可以在不同跨度上作出矢高相同的券;拱顶重量轻;交
线分明;减少了券脚的推力;简化了施工
飞扶壁由侧厅外面的柱墩发券;平衡中厅拱脚的侧推力 为了增加稳定性;常在柱墩 上砌尖塔 由于采用了尖券 尖拱和飞扶壁;哥特式教堂的内部空间高旷 单纯 统一 装饰细部如华盖 壁龛等也都用尖券作主题;建筑风格与结构手法形成一个有机的
哥特式建筑
Flying Buttress
Gothic architecture originally solid, cover up roof buttresses are exposed, called flying buttresses. Flying buttress tend to have a wide variety of decorative carving, tall and beautiful.
Gothic architecture in Europe
Gothic architecture history
Gothic architecture is the second half of the 11th century originated in France, 13 to the 15th century is an architectural style popular in Europe. It evolved from Romanesque architecture, Renaissance architecture inherited. Gothic architecture is mainly used for church.
Gothic architectural masterpiece
Gothic cathedral in France
Beauvais Cathedral
博韦主教堂
Lance's Episcopal Church兰斯主教tries
Thank you
Beam-column
Pillar is no longer a simple circle, pillars together, emphasizing the vertical lines, set off by a space towering steep.
哥特式建筑英文翻译
专业英语翻译第十篇——Further Reading (1): Gothic Architecture 深入阅读（1）：哥特式建筑建筑091班Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.哥特式建筑是一种兴盛于中世纪高峰和晚期的建筑风格。
哥特式建筑是从罗马建筑演变发展而来，并且成功地发展为后来的文艺复兴建筑。
Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as “the French Style”, with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance as a stylistic insult. Its characteristic features include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress.哥特式建筑发展于12世纪的法国并且持续到第十六世纪，哥特式建筑在此期间被称为“法国式”，哥特这个词第一次出现在文艺复兴后期并且带有一定的贬义色彩。
哥特式建筑的特点包括有尖券、骨架券和飞扶壁。
Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, universities, and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.哥德式建筑最常见于欧洲著名的大教堂、修道院和教区教堂。
哥特文化介绍_英文
Gothic architecture （哥特式建筑）
►
Originated in 12th century France and lasted into the 16th century ► Flourished（繁荣）during the high and late medieval period. ► Characteristic features :pointed arch（尖 形拱门 ）, the ribbed vault （肋状拱顶 ）and the flying buttress （飞扶壁 ）
The firsΒιβλιοθήκη Gothic church in the world
The most perfect example of the Gothic architecture
Gothic Fashion
Character
pale skin、dark eye sockets（眼圈 ），aristocratic temperament（贵 族气质）, indifferent and heavy makeup
Emily 20111151212
1 Background 2 Gothic Architecture 3 Gothic Fashion 4 Gothic Literature 5 Gothic Rock 6 Typeface(字体) 7 Gothic Film
Goths &Goth subculture (哥特人和哥特亚文化)
Dressing：dark color like black，dark gray，blood red，dark green
Decoration（装饰）：religious and metal (like cross )
哥特式建筑（Gothicarchitecture）
哥特式建筑（Gothic architecture）In the fifth Century, with the demise of the Empire of Western Rome, Europe entered the period when historians called it the "middle ages". At this time in Europe, awareness of cultural and literary and artistic landscape of ancient Greece and unable to get up after a fall, the splendid culture of ancient Rome, has become a distant dream, disappeared in the long night, only the religious culture, especially Christian culture thriving, not only become a symbol of the spirit of the middle ages, has become a symbol of the power of the middle ages. But in the cultural desert, miraculously the birth of a new architectural culture architectural culture Gothic, its strange and unique image, such as breaking the eagle not only shows the nets above and snares below, the material and cultural achievements, and life to reveal the characteristics of the medieval European spirit culture. The level of architectural art to a new height. If the whole medieval art, almost at a standstill if so, only the construction of the eagle beat straight into the sky, fly proud, the brilliant art broadcast in Europe from all sides. In a sense, Gothic architecture is not only the greatest art of the middle ages, but also the only art of perpetual vitality in the middle ages. This great art, however, was born not only in times of great greatness, but also in a not so great name: Gothic architecture. Goth was originally a Germanic people who took part in the destruction of ancient Rome, and its title was vulgar and barbarous. It was a renaissance European who was given medieval architecture for distaste for the darkness of the middle ages. The Renaissance is intended to denounce the medieval people's architectural style, but later, with the development of history, the title will lose its praise, and became a proper noun, the habit ofpeople will agree the main building architectural style and the middle ages, are referred to as "Gothic building". The most influential Gothic buildings, mostly church buildings. This, of course, was related to the prevailing consciousness. The dominant ideology in the Middle Ages was religious consciousness, especially the Christian consciousness. At the same time, it was related to the more developed technical level at that time. Therefore, the influence of these two aspects also determines the general style and characteristics of Gothic architecture.The overall style of Gothic architecture is dense, tall, slender, sharp. They directly reflect the new structure, technology and strong religious consciousness of the middle ages. Sharp form, is the crystallization of sharp coupons, pointed arch technology; towering walls, but contains a bracing technology, buttress technology achievements. And the vacant artistic conception and vertical upward form are the most exact expressions of the connotation of Christian spirit. The tall, straight, ethereal, illusory image seems to be directed at God, inspiring people to escape from this world of misery and sin and to the kingdom of heaven". The religious consciousness expressed in this style and the technical achievements shown can be felt in two aspects. The first is exterior modeling. Gothic architecture, especially churches, is characterized by its high and straight appearance, typically consisting of a pair of tall minarets, with a gable in the middle,In the railings, gates gable eaves hole arranged on a column with a concave statue niches, the cross link between the central facade, railings and concave circular rose window niche is thesymbol of heaven. The West facade as the church entrance, there are three openings, openings within a few layers of moldings, moldings engraved with clusters of icons. All the walls are vertical lines through all other parts of system, and the details of decoration in the pointed arch, sharp coupons, spire synthesis elements, all of the arch are sharp, all openings on the pediment, concave niche canopy, buttress ridges on the edge are sharp edged, all of the tower, the upper wall buttresses and pinnacles are dubbed into the sky. At the same time, the facade of the building to divide more and more delicate, exquisite decorative form. All this makes the whole church filled with an otherworldly refined, prancing rise movement and momentum. This momentum has shown the Christian ideal of the kingdom of heaven as vivid and concrete, as well as the superb architectural techniques of the middle ages. Secondly, we can also see its religious feelings and technical means from the characteristics of the internal space. In Gothic churches, the use of the tip and the small arches gives the space and structure a great deal of flexibility, as well as a novel pattern for the church's artistic style. The plane is still the general Gothic church Latin cross, but the hall is narrow and long, thin and tall, the interior of the church and the altar of heaven oriented force is very strong, the structure inside the church all exposed to the frame, vertical line commands all the parts, the space is very high with a symbol of heaven. Vision. The pillars to bundle the zenith, like a bunch of fountains sprayed from the ground to the sky; sometimes like a forest of tall and straight trunk, leaf interwoven, light from the foliage gap in enlightenment comes through, people lost in the light, whenever the sun from the window frames covered with colored glass shines, the church space will be filled with blurred and phantom, thechurch is like heaven. This atmosphere has shown the spirit of Christianity, and this atmosphere has undoubtedly benefited from the techniques of sharp coupons, pointed arches and spatial structures. In Gothic cathedrals, churches of high prestige abound. Among them, the Notre Dame de Paris in France, the Church of Duomo in Italy, and the Cologne Cathedral in Germany are all representatives. Their exterior shape, detail decoration and interior space structure both reflect the general style characteristic of the Gothic architecture adequately, and have distinct personality. So, people talk about Gothic architecture, often take them for example.The architectural art of ancient Rome is the inheritance and development of ancient Greek architectural art. This "succession" is not only from time to time, but also from the basic style of architectural art. The content of this basic style is the scale of human consciousness and human being. However, this kind of human consciousness and the human scale, in the ancient buildings in Rome has a new meaning, it is the new meaning to promote the great ancient Rome architectural foundation in the art of ancient Greece, on the way. If we say that the ancient Greeks worship is embodied by the worship of "God", then, the ancient Romans worship of the people, directly tend to worship of the secular, real people, the people's consciousness,Also from the group to the individual, "emphasis on personal praise and material enjoyment of life."". It is in such a sense of right, and the buildings of ancient Rome not only with the help of more advanced technology, the development of the brilliant achievements of ancient Greek art, but also thecharacteristics of the artistic style of ancient Greek architecture, perfect harmony, noble, in the new social and cultural background, from the "Temple" to the secular, give this style to form new aesthetic taste and the corresponding. Vitrurius, an architectural theorist in ancient Rome, pointed out in his book architecture ten that the basic principle of architecture should be "regulation, configuration, symmetry, balance, propriety, and economy."". This can be said to be a theoretical summary of the architectural features and artistic styles of ancient Rome. In these characteristics, apparently still has a content of ancient Greek architecture style harmony, perfect and noble, but decent and economic leverage, "obviously the ancient Greek architectural style of the" God "means, in order to change the secular people. This can be seen directly from the design of the building type and the appearance of the building. The most outstanding architectural art in ancient Greece was related to the gods, and the magnificence of the temple reflected this feature more closely. The buildings of ancient Rome's most brilliant, the most artistic value is to serve the economy or human life (physical and mental) service buildings, such as square, roads, bridges, tunnels, elevated aqueduct, theater, arena, beach, residential and villa etc.. Almost all of these buildings serve people's material life or spiritual enjoyment directly. In artistic style, they are also the pursuit of harmony, the pursuit of perfection, the pursuit of lofty, but is not a "sacred" harmonious, perfect and noble, but the reality of life, is a "proper" economic prosperity, peace and stability, and to stimulate the pursuit of reality "lofty" some "sublime" also directly with a "tragedy" emotional contact, such as the famous ancient Colosseum, its perfect, harmonious and noble style, because of its function of thetragedy that connected, is bathed in blood and tears of the slave of a noble, so noble, make it perfect, with more secular, it can make people exclaim and exciting, but it is difficult to produce the kind of like a Greek temple "sacred". This can be said to be the architectural style of ancient Rome harmony, perfect, noble and ancient Greek architectural style of the biggest difference. As for some other secular buildings, such as the baths of Caracalla, its harmony, perfect and grand style, mainly from secular feelings, rather than from the idealism of the divine consciousness. In the specific architectural style, the ancient Rome architecture also inherited the ancient Greek architectural style, but also innovation and development of it. Such as ancient Rome Coliseum in the external facade, especially the 4 storey high external facade, is the ancient greek column composition of carbon, it is at the bottom of the second layer is the Doric order, ionic column, the third layer is the top layer in the Corinth post, around the wall column. However, this type of ancient Greece, the masterpiece of ancient Rome is no longer as in ancient Greek architecture that has the structure effect, it has been transformed into a simple decoration, the real structure part structure is hidden in the walls. Simultaneous,On the roof of the shape, the ancient Romans is greatly revolutionized the ancient Greek architecture form, the beam column structure used in ancient Greece, replaced by a more effective method to support the arch roof, in other hand, appeared in the ancient Greek architecture is difficult to see the "vault" roof. It is this "vault arch" roof that has become the most obvious difference between the ancient Rome architecture, especially the housing construction and theancient Greek housing construction. The arch structure due to economic, practical, and aesthetic effect is also very good, so it is not only applied to the temple and palace building, and extended to all areas of daily life, such as roads, bridges, aqueducts, ports, theater, residential, warehouse and sewer. So that many magnificent buildings in the performance of harmony, perfect and noble at the same time, with a clear "round" flavor. But at the same time, the buildings of ancient Rome and other aspects of consciousness in the reference and inheritance characteristic of the ancient Greek architecture, especially a use, often show a clear relationship between the buildings of ancient Rome and ancient Greek architecture. For example, Rome ancient temple of Pan Taiweng (also known as the Pantheon), its main part is a dome of the huge concrete barrel, this "circle" style, is the typical characteristics of the ancient buildings in Rome, and in the entrance door, and on a typical ancient Greek colonnades by eight, according to the Corinth post colonnade. It is a triangular pediment. The whole building was shown in ancient Rome building the inheritance and innovation of the image.Gothic church; architecture; artFrom twelfth Century ad to fifteenth Century ad, the city has become the political, religious, economic and cultural center of various feudal kingdoms. During this period, Gothic art emerged as a product of the great development of feudal society."Gothic" refers to the barbarians, Gothic art is the meaning of savage arts, is a derogatory term. In the eyes of Europeans, the Rome style is an orthodox art, and then the new buildingform is relegated to "Gothic".The first Gothic building was born in the domain of the king of france. Then all of Europe was influenced by the "Gothic" influence.Someone refers to Gothic architecture, Gothic sculpture was originally attached to the building, and the building in thirteenth Century after peak separation; Gothic painting in the year 14 - fifteenth Century.The characteristics of Gothic church architecture in the artistic form: first in the volume and height to create a new record, from the church hall height, Cologne hall 48 meters high from the church; the height of clock tower look at Germany's Ulm City Church up to 161 meters. The second is the body very strong upward momentum, brisk vertical line straight through his body. Whether the wall and the tower is to partition the finer, more decorative, more exquisite, and the top are sharp and piercing the sky pinnacles. Not only are all the coupons sharp, but also the upper part of the building and the details are pointed, and the church is full of upward momentum. This high, straight, sharp and strong upward momentum for the characteristics of the style is the embodiment of the world Church rejected religious ideas, but also the city to show its strong vitality of the spirit of reflection.If the Rome type with its thick and stocky, unshakable form to show the authority of the church, the form of a retro inherits the traditional means, so the Holy Spirit bold Gothic, dexterity, the rising power of the Church of the barbarians.The helicopter line space over cracks, through the stained glass windows of colorful light and every kind of light and exquisite decorative sculpture, synthetically create a "non human" realm, to give people a sense of mystery. Some people say that Rome is building on the floor of the palace, Gothic architecture is a heaven shrine.The Gothic church structure changes, resulting in a flame momentum, the people will take to the "Kingdom of heaven", successfully embodies the religious ideas, people's visual and emotional sublimation with upward spires, there is a feeling close to God and heaven.From the aesthetic perspective, Rome style building wide main muddy, but is the Gothic show close the country to international intercourse, a human mind impulse, it is no longer purely religious buildings, is no longer a military fortress, but the cultural symbol of the city, that get a bit limited freedom in the dark ages. People will find a real world of the sun through the dark ages.Along with Gothic architecture, it was a beautiful stained glass window painting. This kind of painting is also a Bible for illiterate believers. The round rose window symbolizes heaven, and all kinds of saints climb colorful windows, which resemble the colorful stage pictures. When people come near the church, they not only produce a sense of magic to the kingdom of heaven, but also produce decorative beauty. Because it is a glass picture, it can be colored by the penetration of light rays. It is fascinating with its wonderful light color.Gothic sculpture is indispensable for building the decoration of the church, its characters began to keep the space position independent, the pursuit of the three dimensional solid modeling, and strive to meet the real image, the pursuit of natural and vivid shape, the body gradually plump up, pleats also have structural changes, make people feel the clothes inside is real the human body. A statue is no longer the mold of human form, but of flesh and blood. On the use of Gothic sculpture and high relief carvings of the close.Gothic art close to life and realism, all over Europe, so also known as the International Gothic style. Late Gothic art has obviously nurtured the renaissance.。
哥特式建筑 英文
Cathedral of Notre-Dame Chartres
Cathedral of Notre-Dame Chartres (1134-1220) Considered one of the finest examples in France of the Gothic style
semi-circular aches massive quality thick walls sturdy piers groin vaults large towers decorative arcading
Patriarchal Cathedral of St. Mary Major, Portugal
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis
History of Cathedral Basilica of St. Denis (1140-44) Originally founded in the 7 century on the burial place of Saint Denis who
of architecture Located in Chartes, southwest of Paris Chartres was the spiritual center of the cult of the Virgin. Virgin could intervene to save sinners from eternal damnation Constructed between 1193 and 1250 Lot of cathedrals were dedicated to Notre Dame which means “Our Lady” Stained glass windows were donated by the royal family, noblemen and merchants
哥特式建筑简介
经典哥特式建筑
德国最完美的哥特式教堂建筑—科 隆大教堂
科隆大教堂位于科隆市中心， 是欧洲基督教权威的象征， 是哥特式宗教建筑艺术的典 范。它为罕见的五进建筑， 内部空间挑高又加宽，高塔 直向苍穹，象征人与上帝沟 通的渴望。除两座高塔外， 教堂外部还有多座小尖塔烘 托。教堂四壁装有描绘圣经 人物的彩色玻璃；钟楼上装 有5座响钟，最重的达24吨， 响钟齐鸣，声音洪亮。
发展
起源
哥特式建筑是以法国为中心发展起来的。在12—15世纪， 城市手工业和商业行会相当发达，城市内实行一定程度 的民主政体，市民们以极高的热情建造教堂，以此相互 争胜来表现自己的城市。另外，当时教堂已不再是纯属 宗教性建筑物，它已成为城市公共生活的中心，成为市 民大会堂、公共礼堂，甚至可用作市场和剧场。
经典哥特式建筑
哥特式建筑的代表作—巴黎圣母 院
巴黎圣第一座哥特式建筑。
巴黎圣母院之所以闻名于世， 主要是因为它是欧洲建筑史 上一个划时代的标志。在它 之前，教堂建筑大多数笨重 粗俗，沉重的拱顶、粗矮的 柱子、厚实的墙壁、阴暗的 空间，使人感到压抑。巴黎 圣母院冲破了旧的束缚，创 造一种全新的轻巧的骨架券， 这种结构使拱顶变轻了，空 间升高了，光线充足了。这 种独特的建筑风格很快在欧 洲传播开来。
哥特式建筑
王泽远
定义
哥特式建筑（Gothic architecture），又译作歌德 式建筑，是位于罗马式建筑和文艺复兴建筑之 间的，1140米兰大教堂为哥特式知名建筑。它 是由罗马式建筑发展而来，为文艺复兴建筑所 继承。哥特式建筑主要用于教堂，在中世纪高 峰和晚期盛行于欧洲，发源于十二世纪的法国， 持续至十六世纪。哥德式建筑的整体风格为高 耸削瘦，且带尖。以卓越的建筑技艺表现了神 秘、哀婉、崇高的强烈情感，对后世其他艺术 均有重大影响。
哥特建筑
2. 意大利米兰大教堂
米兰大教堂是意大利最大的 哥特式（Gothic）教堂，是 仅次于梵蒂冈的圣彼得教堂 和西班牙的塞维利亚教堂的 欧洲第三大教堂。坐落于米 兰市中心的大教堂广场，教 堂长158米，最宽处93米。 塔尖最高处达108.5米。总 面积11700平方米，可容纳 35000人。
十二到十五世纪，哥特式 建筑风格在欧洲正流行， 所以奠定了这座建筑的哥 特式风格基调，在内部装 饰上，由于十七、十八世 纪巴洛克风格在欧洲的兴 起，所以也融入了巴洛克 风格。
特点
哥特式建筑的特点是尖塔高耸、 尖形拱门、大窗户及绘有圣经故事 的花窗玻璃。在设计中利用尖肋拱 顶、飞扶壁、修长的束柱，营造出 轻盈修长的飞天感。以及新的框架 结构以增加支撑顶部的力量，使整 个建筑以直升线条、雄伟的外观和 教堂内空阔空间, 使教堂内产生一 种浓厚的宗教气氛。
经典建筑 1. 俄罗斯圣母大教堂； 2. 意大利米兰大教堂； 3. 德国科隆大教堂； 4. 英国威斯敏斯特大教堂； 5. 法国巴黎圣母院。
人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。14:30:4614:30:4614:3010/24/2020 2:30:46 PM
安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安 全，常 把弓弦 绷。20.10.2414:30:4614:30Oc t-2024- Oct-20
加强交通建设管理，确保工程建设质 量。14:30:4614:30:4614:30Saturday, October 24, 2020
3. 德国科隆大教堂
科隆主教座堂 （Kölner Dom，全名Hohe
Domkirche St.
Peter und Maria），是位于 德国科隆的一座天 主教主教座堂，它 是科隆市毫无争议 的标志性建筑物。
Gothic architecure哥特式建筑
The scope of Gothic architecture
Rheinstein Castle,
Germany
Basilica of the Assumption of Mary, Kraków, Poland
Geographic
The Parish Church of St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, England
The Cathedral of Saint-Gatian, Tours, France
Archithectural feature
The rib cage(肋架券)
Speyerer Dom
(德国施派尔主教座堂)
Chatres Cathedral(法国沙特尔主教座堂)
Westminster Abbey(英国威斯敏斯特教堂)
Pointed Arch(尖肋拱顶)
Buttress(飞扶壁)
Notre Dame de Paris
(巴黎圣母院)
Tracery（花饰镂空窗格）
Sainte Chapelle
(法国圣礼拜
堂)
Apse(半圆形后殿)
Stained Glass(花窗玻璃)
Beam-column(束柱)
Influences
Political
Religious
The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power.
Geographic
Definition and scope
哥特式建筑【英文精品】
Gothic Architecture
Meaning of Gothic
“Dark Age”
Invading barbarians from the north ruined ancient art and replaced it with their own culture Wrought little damage but became known as the first tribe of barbarians and thus the name “Gothic”
Gothic Architecture: The Pointed Arch
Photo: Sullivan
Gothic Architecture: Gothic Architecture in France
First Early Gothic Style
Roots stem back to 11th century Normandy Abbey Church of St. Etienne, Caen
Impossible to arrange all arches and ribs to a common level using exclusively semicircular ribs With a pointed arch, ribs could easily be made level
Gothic Architecture: The Flying Buttress
Photo: Sullivan
Gothic Architecture: The Pointed Arch
Builders turned from the semicircular, unbroken arch to the pointed arch
西方建筑 英文版 Western Architecture简介
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Architectural features：
• broader naves （宽阔的中殿）
•strong light-and-shade contrasts （强
烈的光影对比）
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Architectural features：
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Architectural features：
• Focus on style（注重风格）
Pursue classical outline（追求古典轮 廓）
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Architectural features： • emphasize decorative effect（注重装饰效果）
（充满欢乐气氛）
Baroque architecture(巴洛克式建筑）
Represent building
Roman Jesus Church（罗马耶稣会教堂）
Neoclassical architecture（新古典复兴建筑）
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
英语专业高级英语 第一单元 哥特式建筑
Flying Buttress
• A flying buttress is a specific form of buttressing most strongly associated with Gothic church architecture. The purpose of any buttress is to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards (which may arise from stone vaulted ceilings or from wind-loading on roofs) by redirecting them to the ground.
The special features of Gothic Architecture
• • • • • • Rose Window--------------玫瑰窗 Gothic Spire----------------尖肋拱顶 Flying Buttress------------飞扶壁 Rib vault---------------------十字天花板平面 Coloum----------------------束柱 Crocket----------------------浮雕
Gothicarchitecture哥特式建筑
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE CLASSIC REPRESENTATIVE
1,意大利-米兰大教堂 2,德国-科隆大教堂 3,俄罗斯-圣母大教堂 4,英国-威斯敏斯特大教堂 5,法国-巴黎圣母院
由于骨架券成为拱顶的主要结构，பைடு நூலகம்字拱也成 了框架式的，使得总体厚度减小，整个拱顶的 重量大大减轻。减小了对各部分施加的力度 俄罗斯-圣母大教堂
Notre Dame 法国巴黎圣母院
Palace of Westminster
英国威斯敏斯特大教堂
意大利米兰大教堂
尖拱。哥特式 教堂中使用侧 推力较小的尖 拱，减轻了结 构的重量
德国科隆大教堂
法国 法国是哥特式建筑的起源地。 英国 英国威斯敏斯特大教堂 德国 弗莱堡大教堂、科隆大教堂 西班牙 巴塞罗那 圣家堂 意大利 哥特晚期米兰大教堂 意大利没有追逐哥特式建筑的结构体系和造型原则，主要把它作为一种装饰
风格。 这种建筑风格的世俗代表建筑有：总督宫 捷克 圣维特大教堂（布拉格） 中国 望海楼教堂（天津） 天津西站老站房（天津） 石室圣心大教堂（广州） 徐家汇天主教堂（上海） 洪家楼教堂（济南）
哥特式建筑是一种在中世 纪鼎盛时期和后期繁荣的 一种建筑风格，它由罗马 风格进化来，被文艺复兴 时期建筑继承。
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
哥特式建筑的特点是尖塔高耸、 尖形拱门、大窗户及绘有圣经故 事的花窗玻璃。在设计中利用尖 肋拱顶、飞扶壁、修长的束柱， 营造出轻盈修长的飞天感。
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 哥特式建筑
Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
英语专业高级英语第一单元哥特式建筑
Historical context
Gothic architecture is a testament to the cultural and technological achievements of its time, providing a valuable historical perspective for future generations.
global influence.
The characteristics
02 and style of Gothic architecture
The characteristics and style of Gothic architecture
01
野生".The opposite金融等组织 计算机作为反'多商业 Harris.潘 et其他人
Expression in literature and art
In literature
Gothic novels often feature settings in Gothic buildings, using the buildings' unique characteristics to create a sense of mystery and suspense.
The Development of Gothic Architecture in the Middle Ages
Gothic architecture flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries, during the High Middle Ages.
It was characterized by the use of flying buttresses, ribbed vaults, and pointed windows, which allowed for thinner walls and more open spaces.
哥特式风格英文文献
哥特式风格英文文献Gothic style originated in the 12th century in France and was initially known as the French style. 哥特式风格起源于12世纪的法国，最初被称为法国风格。
This architectural style is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. 这种建筑风格的特点是尖拱门、肋拱顶和飞扶壁。
Gothic architecture played a significant role in the development of Western architecture, influencing structures all over Europe. 哥特式建筑在西方建筑的发展中发挥了重要作用，影响了整个欧洲的建筑结构。
In addition to its architectural impact, Gothic style also influenced art, literature, and fashion. 除了对建筑的影响，哥特式风格还影响了艺术、文学和时尚。
The popularity of Gothic style in the modern world can be seen in various media, from literature to film. 在现代世界中，哥特式风格的流行可以在各种媒体中看到，从文学到电影。
Many famous buildings around the world, such as Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris and Westminster Abbey in London, showcase the timeless beauty of Gothic architecture. 世界各地许多著名建筑，如巴黎的圣母院和伦敦的威斯敏斯特大教堂，展示了哥特式建筑的永恒美丽。
Gothic Architecture 哥特式建筑
2.Flying Buttress
– a supporting facility to share the pressure from the main walls – The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof. However,the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out – coved with complicated decorates and elaborate carvings
4. the LBiblioteka tin cross (or "cruciform") plan
Famous Gothic Buildings
I. Church of Duomo(米 兰大教堂) I. Westminster Abbey (威斯敏斯特大教堂) I. Notre-Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母 院大教堂)
Gothic Architecture
The Development
• flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century. • started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe. • evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
characteristic
3.stained glass
– these windows are high enough, almost to be used as the walls. The stained glass, covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines to illiterate（文盲的） people is of high artistic achievement. – There are two main colors, blue and red. Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ. – The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which express people’s longing for the kingdom of heaven.
哥特式建筑英文介绍【精品】
Medieval Europe NhomakorabeaGothic Cathedrals
• The Gothic period lasted from the late 1100's to the 1500's. Most Romanesque cathedrals had been built to replace Early Christian or Carolingian predecessors. Many Gothic cathedrals resulted from additions to a Romanesque church. The desire to enrich an earlier church was a strong motivation behind Gothic cathedral building. Many Romanesque churches were demolished to make way for a cathedral in the new style. As a result, the majority of cathedrals in Europe are Gothic. The main difference between Romanesque and Gothic styles is the way in which space is conceived. Space in Romanesque buildings is achieved by adding bays, unit by unit, to create a total space. A Gothic building is conceived as a total space divided into units. Gothic architecture originated in northern France in the choir of 1140-1144 at the abbey of St. Denis, near Paris. The style spread to the cathedrals of northeastern France, at Laon and Noyon, and beyond. It was used in the choir of Canterbury Cathedral (1174-1184), England, and in the Swiss cathedrals of Lausanne and Geneva before 1200. In about 1175, French cathedral builders developed the flying buttress, a brick or stone arched support built against the outside walls. Because it allowed the major supports for the vault to be taken outside the building, architects were able to construct thin-walled churches with fully vaulted roofs. For the first time, builders were able to substitute beautifully coloured stained glass windows for large areas of wall. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris (1163-1250) was one of the first buildings to have flying buttresses. The exciting combination of Gothic features--pointed arches, ribbed vaults, stained glass, lateral spaciousness, and an interior patterned with a grid of fine lines--was adopted throughout Europe. The use of the flying buttress also allowed architects to build very high. A succession of tall, fully glazed cathedrals was built between 1190 and 1260, including Bourges (37 metres), Chartres (35 metres), Reims (36.5 metres), Amiens (42.4 metres), Beauvais (48 metres), and Cologne (43.5 metres). The collapse of the vaults at Beauvais in 1284 ended this line of architectural exploration. Thereafter, masons of the High Gothic period enriched their architecture by other means. In France, this often took the form of increasingly elaborate window and wall tracery, and ornamental stone or wooden pattern work. Fine examples of tracery are the rose windows at the cathedral of Clermont-Ferrand (about 1280), and the south transept front at Senlis Cathedral.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Eglise Notre-Dame du Sablon:A flamboyant gothic cathedral lying in the edge of Sablon in Brussels.
History
Revival period: Began in 1740’s in England. During the Revival the gothic style was used for its picturesque and romantic qualities instead of its structural possibilities or original functions.
（威斯敏斯特大教堂）
Salisbury Cathedral
（索尔兹伯里主教堂）
Germany
Cologne Cathedral（科隆主教堂）:the
third highest cathedral in the bining grandness and exquisite,it is known as the perfect model of cathedrals.
Characteristics
The stained glass creates a mysterious but brilliant scene, which expresses people’s longing for heaven.
Fdral（巴黎圣母院）： Many novels,movies and music dramas are named after it.
Characteristics
Pointed Arch is simply known as the Gothic arch and was reconstructed from cylindrical vault（圆筒形 拱顶） of Roman Architecture. There are four stones at the end of the arch supporting the power from the top so that the height and the span of the arch can be made as large and high as possible. It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the pointed arch was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws.
.
Notre-Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院） Cologne Cathedral（科隆大教堂）
History
Later period: Rayonnant Gothic and Flamboyant Gothic was developed until it was replaced by Renaissance Style in the 1500s.
History
Early period: The first Gothic church is the Cathedral of Saint Denis ,built in France in 1143.
Cathedral of Saint Denis (圣丹尼大教堂）
History
Classic period: From late 1100s to middle 1200s.During this period, many world-famous Gothic churches were built one by one, such as Notre-Dame Cathedral and Cologne Cathedral
Characteristics
Flying buttress is covered with complicated decorations and elaborate carvings.
Characteristics
③花窗玻璃 stained glass
Gothic architecture gradually abolishes the gallery and aisle, and increase the size of window. These windows are high enough, almost to be used as the walls. The stained glass, covered with religious stories which help to illustrate the doctrines（教义） to illiterate people（文盲） is of high artistic achievement. There are two main colors, blue and red. Blue symbolizes the heaven and red symbolizes the blood of Christ.
• Originating in France in the 12th century and lasting into the 16th century ,Gothic Architecture was known during the period as “the French Style”, while the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance.
Palace of Westminster,which is also called Houses of Parliament,is one of the representative works of Gothic Revival Architecture
Characteristics
In Gothic architecture,a unique combination of existing technologies established the emergence of a new building style.Those technologies include the pointed arch（尖肋拱顶）， the flying buttress（飞扶壁）and the stained glass(花窗玻璃）.
①尖肋拱顶 Pointed Arch
Characteristics
②飞扶壁 flying buttress
A Flying Buttress is a specific type of buttress. The original buttress was solid and covered by the roof. However the buttress with Gothic style is exposed out to be known as flying buttress.They are used to transmit the horizontal thrust of a vault across an interventing space and to share the pressure from the main walls. The employment of the flying buttress means that the load bearing walls can contain cut-outs,such as for large windows,that would otherwise weaken them.
Italy
Milan Cathedral（米兰大教堂）:the
second largest cathedrals in the world.It is not only the symbol but also the center of Milan.
China
Jinan Railway Station (济南老火车站）： It used to be the largest railway station in Asia and the only architectural community in the world.Though opposed by many citizens and scholars,the scheme of tearing down the station was carried out in 1992.
Four French Gothic churches
Amiens Cathedral （亚眠主教堂）
Beauvais Cathedral（博韦主教堂）
Lance Cathedral（兰斯主教堂）
Chartres Cathedral（沙特尔主教堂）
England
Westminster Cathedral
Gothic Architecture
Brief Introduction
• Gothic Architecture, is a style of architecture which flourished during the peak and the end of middle ages. It evolved from Romanesque Architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance Architecture.
Conclusion
Since Gothic Architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe, it's just like a piece of solemn and holy canticle which expresses the holy faith of christian in Middle Ages.As you walk in a gothic church,you will find yourself in heaven,with ears filled with the scared melodies.