6 翻译技巧 词类转换法
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。
The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.
那些年是共和党执政。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.
安装双层窗御寒。
1.动词转译为名词 （v.---n.）
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表 达得很准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。 The book did not impress me at all.
Exercise
6. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 7. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 8. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下 苦工不可。 9. 目前我国各地对消费品的需求量大大增 加。 10，随着时间的流逝，我对他越来越仰慕。
Put the following paragraph into English: 今天的老人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的 发展做出了许多贡献， 理所当然应该分享其成果。 当敬老、养老蔚然成风时， 各个年龄层的人都会 有一种完全感。每个人都有一天会变老。 如果人 们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康， 就会全力以 赴地投入工作。
翻译技巧（2）词类转换法
教
学
内
容
Translation Techniques (2) Conversion of Part of Speech
Teaching Plan
Teaching Contents: A. Converting to verbs（转译成动词） （转译成动词） B. Converting to nouns（转译成名词） （转译成名词） C. Converting to other parts of speech（其它词类转译） （其它词类转译） Teaching Aims: To make students skilled in translation. Teaching Focus: Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques. Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then class work). Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures:
天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。
Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
服从命令是军人的天职。
Many Western people are religious.
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
三．其它词类转译
You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be.
不自由， 毋宁死。
He is an enemy to reform.
他反对改革。
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？
4
副词转译为动词（adv.---v.）
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
这台机器的重量是500公斤。
(5) When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected.
光照到某种物体上会弹回来，这种情况我们称之为光受到反射。 注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不 符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。
1 名词转译成动词 （n.---v. ）
英语中具有动作意义的动作意义的名词，汉译时 往往可转化为动词。 They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
Give me liberty or give me death.
你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）
Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.
我国政府十分关心海外华侨。
His address impressed me deeply.
他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。
From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.
1 2 3 4 名词转译成动词 （n.---v.） 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.） 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.） 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） adv.---v.
B. Converting to nouns（转译成名词） （转译成名词） 1.动词转译为名词 （v.---n.） 2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） C. Converting to other parts of speech（其它词类转译） （其它词类转译）
公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）
Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct.
诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。
操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
2 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）
The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.
发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。
11. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.
只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。
12. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city.
重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。
All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved.
The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。
2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ）
有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形 容词表达，可改用名词表达。 The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through.
我们在前后左右严密地监视ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้人。
He is the right man I’m looking for.
他正是我在找的人。
The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter.
你的付出和所得成正比。
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people.
独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。
10. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately.
I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.
恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。
The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。
Exercise
1. Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin. 2. With slight modification each type can be used for all three systems. 3. “Coming”, she skimmed over the lawn, up Coming , the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch。 4. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 5. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.
Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment?
Conversion of part of speech in translation.
在翻译过程中， 如果绝对地按照原语的词 性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合 译语的表达习惯。这时， 我们可以对原语 的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的词性 转换有以下几个方面。
常用词类转换形式
A. Converting to verbs（转译成动词） （转译成动词）
那本书没留给我什么印象。
Harry aims to become a computer expert.
哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。
Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail.
你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）
The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.
(6)*The youths always dream fondly of their future.
年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。
*Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.
It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.
我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。
The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.
那些年是共和党执政。
Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.
安装双层窗御寒。
1.动词转译为名词 （v.---n.）
当英语动词的意义不易用汉语动词表达，或不能表 达得很准确时，可以把动词转译为名词。 The book did not impress me at all.
Exercise
6. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 7. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 8. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下 苦工不可。 9. 目前我国各地对消费品的需求量大大增 加。 10，随着时间的流逝，我对他越来越仰慕。
Put the following paragraph into English: 今天的老人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的 发展做出了许多贡献， 理所当然应该分享其成果。 当敬老、养老蔚然成风时， 各个年龄层的人都会 有一种完全感。每个人都有一天会变老。 如果人 们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康， 就会全力以 赴地投入工作。
翻译技巧（2）词类转换法
教
学
内
容
Translation Techniques (2) Conversion of Part of Speech
Teaching Plan
Teaching Contents: A. Converting to verbs（转译成动词） （转译成动词） B. Converting to nouns（转译成名词） （转译成名词） C. Converting to other parts of speech（其它词类转译） （其它词类转译） Teaching Aims: To make students skilled in translation. Teaching Focus: Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques. Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then class work). Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures:
天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。
Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.
服从命令是军人的天职。
Many Western people are religious.
很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。
三．其它词类转译
You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be.
不自由， 毋宁死。
He is an enemy to reform.
他反对改革。
Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？
4
副词转译为动词（adv.---v.）
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
这台机器的重量是500公斤。
(5) When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected.
光照到某种物体上会弹回来，这种情况我们称之为光受到反射。 注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不 符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。
1 名词转译成动词 （n.---v. ）
英语中具有动作意义的动作意义的名词，汉译时 往往可转化为动词。 They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.
他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。
Give me liberty or give me death.
你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）
Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad.
我国政府十分关心海外华侨。
His address impressed me deeply.
他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。
From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.
1 2 3 4 名词转译成动词 （n.---v.） 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.） 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.） 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） adv.---v.
B. Converting to nouns（转译成名词） （转译成名词） 1.动词转译为名词 （v.---n.） 2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） C. Converting to other parts of speech（其它词类转译） （其它词类转译）
公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）
Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct.
诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。
操作电脑需要一些英语知识。
2 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）
The road to development is long but we are firmly on it.
发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。
He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.
在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。
11. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.
只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。
12. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city.
重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。
The machine can dimensionally be changeable according to consumers’ need.
机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。
All you have done is proportional to all you have achieved.
The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.
有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。
2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ）
有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形 容词表达，可改用名词表达。 The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through.
我们在前后左右严密地监视ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้人。
He is the right man I’m looking for.
他正是我在找的人。
The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the meter, and that of capacity is the liter.
你的付出和所得成正比。
To be independent is an absolute necessity for young people.
独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。
10. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately.
I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.
恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。
The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。
Exercise
1. Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin. 2. With slight modification each type can be used for all three systems. 3. “Coming”, she skimmed over the lawn, up Coming , the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch。 4. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 5. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.
Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.
不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。
Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laboratory equipment?
Conversion of part of speech in translation.
在翻译过程中， 如果绝对地按照原语的词 性进行翻译，有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合 译语的表达习惯。这时， 我们可以对原语 的词性进行转换翻译。英译汉中常见的词性 转换有以下几个方面。
常用词类转换形式
A. Converting to verbs（转译成动词） （转译成动词）
那本书没留给我什么印象。
Harry aims to become a computer expert.
哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。
Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail.
你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）
The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.
(6)*The youths always dream fondly of their future.
年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。
*Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.