HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1

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HND商务信息与通讯技术

HND商务信息与通讯技术1.简介1.1 研究背景1.2 目的1.3 范围1.4 参考资料2.商务信息与通讯技术概述2.1 商务信息概念2.2 通讯技术概念2.3 商务信息与通讯技术的重要性3.商务信息系统3.1 商务信息系统定义3.2 商务信息系统的组成3.3 商务信息系统的功能3.4 商务信息系统的应用领域4.商业数据通信4.1 数据通信基础知识4.2 数据通信的组成部分4.3 数据通信的协议4.4 商业数据通信的应用5.企业网络5.1 企业网络的概念5.2 企业网络的组成5.3 企业网络的拓扑结构5.4 企业网络的管理与维护6.电子商务6.1 电子商务的定义6.2 电子商务的模式6.3 电子商务的应用领域6.4 电子商务的风险与挑战7.信息安全与风险管理7.1 信息安全的重要性7.2 信息安全的威胁7.3 信息安全的管理与控制7.4 信息安全风险管理8.法律与商务信息与通讯技术8.1 法律对商务信息与通讯技术的影响8.2 电子签名法律规定8.3 数据隐私保护法律规定8.4 知识产权保护法律规定9.本文档涉及附件附件一：商业数据通信交互示意图附件二：企业网络拓扑图附件三：电子商务平台界面截图【法律名词及注释】1.电子签名：指通过电子方式进行身份认证或签署文件的行为。

2.数据隐私保护：指保护个人或组织的数据不被未经授权的访问、使用或披露的法律原则和措施。

3.知识产权保护：指对创造性的工作所享有的独立产权进行保护的法律制度，包括专利、商标、版权等。

商务信息与通信技术报告1

Information and Communication Technology in businessOutcome 2 reportWord count: 1400Table of contents1. Introduction (3)2. Main body (3)2.1 Comparison of three data communication systems (3)2.2 Identity the three data communication systems would benefit ICT and needs of managers (4)2.3 Identify and evaluate two new information communication technology innovations andhaw they might fit needs of ICT and its managers (5)3.0 Conclusion (6)1. IntroductionFirstly, this report is to compare the three data communication systems, respectively the internet, wide area networks and local area networks. Secondly, this report is to identify how these three systems will benefit the ICT and how these three systems will fit ICT managers’ needs. At last, this report is to identify and assess the two new innovations in information communication technology and how these two new innovations will relate to the needs of ICT and ICT managers.2. Main body2.1 Comparison of three data communication systems2.1.1 Local Area NetworksA local area network refers to the network which connects the computers in a certain geographical area, often in a single building or office. Connected through direct cables, these are one most common kind of network. Different from wide area networks, no modem is required by local area network to connect via the telephone system while companies which using local area network need to expand the network every time companies expand. Printers and computes are connected through a switch--a specific-purpose computer which is used to receive and transmit the messages on LAN.2.1.2 Wide Area NetworkDifferent from LANs, wide area network always covers a huge geographical area. The organisations which are based in different areas of the city, different cities, or different countries in the world can serve as good example of wide area networks here. In the meantime, internet can also serve as a good example of wide area networks. Most likely, you might already have access to the Internet at your home and office through Internet service provider’s (ISP) services, while the connection with the internet canbe accomplished via the telephone line. The majority of ISPs use the lines of telephone companies to connect to the network service provider (NSP), so as to access to the system.2.1.3 The InternetAs a network of networks, the internet links computers to computers which share the same internet protocol (i.e. TCP/IP). The internet makes it possible for people to access to the information which is stored in documents or files on another computer. The internet has a great deal of information, while the difficulty often lies in finding the exact information that you need. Many website pages also involve some graphics which could require a long time to download. The time which will be taken is determined by whether Broadband is used, the type of ISDN line, as well as the speed of modem.2.2 Identity the three data communication systems would benefit ICT and needs of managersIn light of the case, ICT managers can make use of local area networks. LAN permits ICT to share a great amount of resources, e.g. fax. Moreover, LAN also allows the users to share their files. Last but not least, employees in the LAN can also easily and quickly communicate with their colleagues. Meanwhile, managers can also save a lot of time, because the electronic copies can be conveniently sent to the users through LAN, while the communication between employees and managers will also be much faster owing to the email.In addition, WAN can also overcome the problems of ICT in the communication over long distance. Secondly, WAN also permits ICT to trade in the virtual form. Last but not least, WAN can save a lot of time for the managers in their communication with employees, for managers and employees can remotely access. Thanks to WAN, managers can easily transfer a great deal of information among the branches while sharing the information safely.Compared with the traditional approaches to communicate, internet can significantlylower the cost. In the case that the information needs being sent to an organisation which locates in another part of the country or the world, then the cost to send an email with an attached file will be much cheaper than the postal charges. Meanwhile, it is of great importance for the ICT Company to retain sufficient crash flow, so as to accelerate the development in future. Meanwhile, the speed at which the information is received will be a lot faster when the computer is used, while the different time zones between countries will no longer act as a barrier to smooth and rapid communication. Thanks to the internet, managers can obtain access to the information for their market research on the competition in financial products like mortgages.2.3 Identify and evaluate two new information communication technology innovations and haw they might fit needs of ICT and its managersICT companies should pay enough attention to the new innovations in information communication technology: virtual character technologies and WI-FI.Through WI-FI (wireless fidelity), the data can be transmitted by 2.4 GHZ. Meanwhile, WI-FI can also be regarded as a local area network yet there is no wire. Radio frequency is used to transfer the broadcast data. Via WI-FI, the users can access to the internet without Ethernet wires, which is a huge advantage and progress. Hence, the users can access to the information needed like e-mail while travelling on road internationally. In case that the users are not in the office, then they can easily obtain access to the internet via WI-FI as well as browse the news, and receive and check emails. In addition, the WI-FI can also enable the managers to work much more flexibly. Specifically, the managers can obtain the information which the employees upload wherever a WI-FI signal can be found. Moreover, the managers can also easily bring the desktop computer to their meeting room with no cable. Thus, the WI-FI can provide lots of help to the ICT and ICT managers in numerous ways.Virtual character technologies make it possible for the 3D images of people to interact online with the computer users or the customers, and virtual character technologiesare quite new and of great importance to companies. Thanks to virtual character technologies, vivid 3D images can be easily created while decisions can be rapidly made on every detail of the appearance of animated character such as clothes, appearance, and hairstyle. Moreover, virtual character technologies can even create the image of the user’s own face with their own voice. Thanks to the advanced virtual character technologies, these characters can also directly speak to the customers or the users as well as operate with broadband and dialup, with the average character size of 60kb. At present, virtual characters are widely and commonly used on the internet, websites, CD rooms, intranet, and e-learning DVDs. Virtual characters enjoy the following merits: they can provide vivid personal touch; and the evidence indicates that the sales will increase for the customers are more likely to commit to the sale online when they are deal with the virtual animated characters, as the customers always prefer social interaction; while the virtual characters are always patient and polite with the customers. Meanwhile, angry customers exert no impact on the services that the virtual animated character provide; virtual animated characters are of much use to improve customer services and marketing; while lots of knowledge is safely stored in the database, rather than kept inside the head of some people; information is always available even when the staff is not; and it can also save the costs of support employee in the call centres. These advantages are of great use for the company managers as virtual character technologies can significantly accelerate the company’s growth and development.3.0 ConclusionDifferent networks make it possible for the business of ICT to operate effectively through linking information and people. The network has already become a critical instrument which provides various communication channels for the continuous flow of information between the people who work in the different sectors and organisations. Meanwhile, networks are also conducive to information sharing, reducing theduplication of work, and allowing the users to rapidly access to information at the same time. In addition, networks are also cost-effective for ICT, for they make it possible for people to share the equipments like faxes and printers.。

HND商务信息与通讯技术OUTCOME1

Part 1: Identify and evaluate the role of business information in decision-making.Question 1:Strategic ManagementStrategic management is responsible for making decisions that affect whole company. These decisions are generally very complex and unstructured .They make long-term decisions.Internal: The market trends. If the company can observe the index，it will understand the needs of the company ，so as to decide it will produce the products to gain more profi t.External: the staffing needs. If the ∞mpany can improve employee benefits，increase their rewards ，it will make employees have more power.Tactical ManagementTactical managers are the middle managemen t. They make medium-term de c isi o ns a忏'e c ting budget s，monit o ring oper a tions，d e v e lo p ing poli ci e s，obta in ing res o urc e s. Tactical manag e rs d ev elop tactics to ac hie ve the overall strategic aims and objectives set by the strategic manager.Internal: The budgets. If the company has a budget process，it will be able to control the budget and control the company's cash position. And the enterprise capital will become more f lexible .External: If the enterprise has the fixed suppliers，it will guarantee the quality of enterprise products and save operating time，thus enhances the enterprise the competitive ability and increase more profits.Operational ManagementThe operational manager is the first line manager or supervisor. They areresponsible for the day-to-day opera甘ons of the business.Internal: If the enterprise sta仔attendance record eve叩day，it can work outa plan for a more perfect plan according to the info rmat ion，so that employees work more e仔icient ly.External: Th e customer needs. If the enterp川se understand cus tomer needs，its products to attract customers and increase income.Senior ManagementStrategicTactical Middle ManagementOperationalQuestion 2:"Enterpri se resource planning is a cross-functional enterprise sys tem driven byan i nt egrated suite of so仕ware modules that supports the basicinterna lbusiness proωsses o f a ∞mpany." ERP gives a compa ny an integra ted real-time view of i怡core business processes such as production，orderprocessing，and inventory management，tied together by ERP applicationssoftwa r e and a common database maintained by a database managementsystem. ERP systems track business resources (such as cash，raw materials，Me n gj i e In fonnation an d Communi c a tio ns Techn o l o gy in B usiness16/ 10/ 2013and production capacity) and the status of commitments made by the business (such as customer orders，purchase orders，and employee payroll)，no matter which department (manufacturing ，purchasing ，sales，accounting ，and so on) has entered the data into the system. ERP facilitates information f10w between all business functions inside the organization，and manages connections to outside stakeholders. (Wikipedia ，2013)This information system would support decision-making at strategic levels.•ERP provides support to upper level management to provide them with critical decision making information.This decision support allows the upper level management to make managerial choices that enhance the business down the road.•ERP also creates a more agile ∞mpany that better adapts to change. ERP makes a company more f1exible and less 时gidly structured so organization components operate more cohesively，enhancing the business-斗nternally and externa11y.•ERP can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of a business. B y keeping a company's internal business process running smoothly ，ERPcan lead to bett e r output s that b e nefit th e c ompany su c h as c us tom e rs e rvi ce，and manufactur i ng."Customer relationship management is a model for managing a company's interactions with current and future customers." It involves using technology to organize ，automate ，and synchronize sales，marketing ，customer service ，and technical suppo凡(Wikipedia ，2013)This information system would support decision-making at operational levels.•Access control is crucial for the SCM too l. On the one hand，since this is team development ，may need to limit certain members of the authority;The sub-project of the especially big projects tend to be involved in outsourcing ，at the end of the alignment stage will involve a lot of different units，need more rights managemen t. Access control ，on the other hand，Me n gj i e In fonnation an d Communi c a tio ns Techn o l o gy in B usiness16/ 10/ 2013also reduced the possibility of wrong operation，indirect improve the availability of the SCM too l.•SCM tools record programs and files modified tr司ectory，track change informat i on，make the software development work completed in Baseli n e(Baseline) gradual wa弘avoiding the un c o n trolled software developme n t situation ，make development status in order."Sup p ly chain management is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the mo v emen t and storage o f raw materials ，work-in-process inventory，and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption ." Interconnected or inte r linked networks，c hannels and node businesses are in v olved in t he provision of products and servi c es required by end customers in a supply chain .Supply chain management has been defined as the "design，plann i ng，execution，control ，and monito时ng of supply c hain a c ti v ities with the objective of creating net value，build i ng a competitive infrastructure ，leveraging worldwide logistics，synchron i zing suppl y with demand and measuring performance globally." (Wikipedia ，2013)Thi s in for m a t i on s y s tem woul d s up po rt d ecis io n-m aki ng at o p e r ation a川eve l s. .. C RM i s n ot o nl y o ne i n t he fa c e o f cus t o me r ma rk et i n g a n d se rv ic e department，also is a bus i ness departments can share information and resources pla仔'o rm for the automation work，in order to maximize the mining and coordination of enterprise resources ，expand the survi v al space and potential.•CRM is customer information into positi v e customer relationsh i p and the working process of the cy cle. Through the CRM can more trulyc omprehensive colle c tion，analysis of c ustomer information ，to pro v idecustomers with multi-angle，all-round service.Question 3:"The Data Protection Act 1998 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the U K. Although the Act itself does not mention privacy，it was enacted to bring UK law into line with the EU data protection directive of 1995 which required Member States to protect people's fundamental rights and freedoms and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data." (Wikipedia ，2013)1 think it necessa叩for enterprises to use the Ac t.It can better protect corporatedata and information，to reduce a lot of business risk."The Copyright，Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48)，also known as the CDPA，is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which received Royal Assent on 15 November 1988. It reformulates almost completely the statutory basis of copyright law (i ncluding pe斤。

ICT outcome1

商务信息与通讯技术Question 1:1. 画图Mr. Fisher is in the senior management as strategic manager which focus on establish company development strategy.Manager of 30 Branches are in middle management. They are middle managers in the company system.First line managers are the operational managers; they focus on supervisor and managing staff.2.a. Information needs: The Company focuses on financial services, as the strategic manager Mr. Fisher should pay attention to the profitability of their service and products. Market trends are essential and will influence the investment of company. As senior management should focus on staff needs in order to improve work efficiency and motivation.Responsibility:As strategic manager Mr. Fisher should have long-term planning which could increase company profit. Setting objectives that are acceptability and realizable. He also needs to draw up formulating policy like finance and human resource policies.Decision characteristic:For senior management, most of their decisions are unstructured and complex decisions. They need to decide the type of employee for company development and staff structure. The company mainly provides financial service and products; so they should decide company financial service and products in the next year. And some new service like loan for car and house also are suit for society development.b. Information needs: mangers of branches are middle managers they mainly should focus on the information which decide company profit like cash flow in company and budgets. V ariance analysis also has influence in company development.Responsibility: In the middle management, they should obtaining various resources and informations which are useful to company development. They also should have budgetary control in company development. Developing operational policies and make it more realizable also is their responsibility. They should monitoring staff which could improve work efficiency.Decision characteristic: as middle managers, their decision would affect a number of people. They always make decision about their own branch. Their decision may be more detail like special financial service in their branch and competitive strategy to other branch. The number of staff also should be decided.c. Information needs: as an operational manger, it likes a supervisor that requires person focus on weekly and daily performance for staff. And pay attention to company daily operation maybe hour by hour or every second.Responsibility: they responsible for to ensuring effective use of resources for each staff. They should monitoring staff for their performance and work efficiency. Routine activities of company also are their responsibility. They also should have absence recording for employees.Decision characteristic: decisions make by operational managers always about employees like vacate and apartment activities. They always obey rules to do this, they have structured decisions. Their decision could only affect a few individuals.2. Information flow in the organization has two types with in and out with. Generally, the information from top management to the staffs always is commands. The commands are always from one level management to the next level management. And information from staff to manager is use reports to indicate data detailed.Information out with flow refers to information flow between some organisations. It also relies on supply chain to do information flow. A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, delivery, and sale of a product to the consumer. As a finance organisation, client individual deposits like a supplier to supply money for invest and loan.Question2The Data Protection Act governs the processing of information relating to individuals. It covers obtaining, holding and use of information. It formulated data should be processed by an electronic system. For this company, they need to collect client data like individuals deposit and investment and become a data holder who should deal client data according to The Data Protection Act.If client would like to have invests or loan, they should collect client information within lawfully objective and just collect some relevant informations. They must treat client fairly without gender and age discrimination.They collect informations should for one or more specific and lawful purpose like client investment or other purpose within their functions.They could not hold client information for longer than necessary. At the end of loan or investment they should delete client information to protect client privacy.The company should take adequate security measures to protect client informations and prevent unauthorized access. Some client information like individual account and deposits must be protected.。

HND国际商业组织outcome1

Introduction:This report mainly wrote GM to enter the international market of some of the history, and after entering the international market structure changes. There are two topic in this report.Topic 1Describe the historic context of a global business organization from its beginnings to present day, including scaleGM, General MotosGeneral motors is by William Durant in 1908 September in buick motor company developed on the basis of American auto city, was founded in Detroit. General motors have intervened in global 33 countries established automobile manufacturing business; the automobile products are sold in more than 200 countries.GM export department in the Philippine capital Manila the establishment of the first Far East branches. By the 1920s mid-century, gm North American manufacturing export department has put the car exports to Asia.In 1922, Manila office moved to Shanghai, China, for the future of China assembly line laid a foundation. 1923 the Sloan company as President, and to the company's production line for rationalization adjustment, the company thus into rapid development period.After the Second World War, GM decision-makers realize there will be a car sales period, launched a larger, more profit potential cars, and strengthened in automobile market leading position, and in other products on the market has also won the main position, become one of America's biggest Military supplies contractor. In 1923,general motors in Europe opened the first production factoryAs outside North America countries and regions in the manufacture and sales of the car first attempt, gm in Denmark Copenhagen opened the first production factory. The factory first production Chevrolet motor, in Scandinavian countries, Baltic countries, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Russia sales. General motors in 1926 and continue to conduct its global expansion, step to gm Australia Co., LTD was established opened its in Asia and South America founded new subsidiary companies and factories prologue. Successively completed in the factory located in Melbourne, Australia, Perth, Sydney and Adelaide, Brisbane...In 1926, accelerating the global expansion. Gm in New Zealand Co., LTD started production copper torre business.Gm Japan Co., LTD. Was set up, the office is located in kobe.Gm Japanese Company to open a new factory in Osaka.And then in 1927 established gm Java Company (now Indonesia)1Topic2Describe the development of the organization’s expansion including global acquisition and mergers and business structure --- whether centralized or decentralizedThe company has combined in 1911 trucks fast car company and the integrity of the company, composed of GM truck company, has purchased a tractor company in the same year, 1913, the company purchased the refrigerator Health (later the Frigidaire Division) and the Champion Spark Plug Company (later renamed AC Spark Plug Company) and so on.Durant regained control after he acquired the Shelton car company, Fisher 60% of the 1shares of auto companies and auto makers in Canada McLaughlin Motor Company (later the GM Canada). During World War I, the company produced a large number of trucks for the troops, ambulances, aircraft engines and so on.After the war, the company has through the creation of General Motors Acceptance Corporation to strengthen product wholesale, with great success. 1923, has merged with yellow car manufacturing company and several aircraft companies, launched a 1925 Chevrolet sedan to compete with Ford to make modern car design and implementation of "a car and needs money for a goal" and the annual introduced a new model of strategy to the Ford Motor Company, thrown far behind.In 1980, GM sold the Frigidaire division and the Terex Division. In 1984, GM invested 2.5 billion acquisition of Electronic Data Systems; 1985, also announced the formation of Saturn Corporation, a Japanese-style in the Tennessee factory production cars, and 4.7 billion acquisition of Hughes Aircraft Company. At the same time, GM has also launched joint ventures with other companies more than 50 companies, from manufacturing to artificial intelligence, robotics companies, a wide range, with Smith's words, this is to find the key to the 21st century.2ConclusionsGM has a long history, GM after a great deal of international market expansion, accompanied by merger and acquisition and successful opened the international market.2HND Global Business Organisations: F27C 35Candidate name: Chen TianlunStudent ID: 095194915Tutor: Minggui QuTitle of the project: Investigation of the organizational structure of GM Word count: 690。

HND商法导论OUTCOME1答案

Outcome Covered 1Assessment task instructionsCandidates will be given one closed-book exercise consisting of ten restricted response questions for the assessment of Outcome 1. This exercise should take candidates approximately 30-45 minutes to complete.考生将获得1闭卷行使十个评估的结果1限制反应的问题组成。

这项工作应采取的候选人约30-45分钟才能完成。

分钟才能完成。

1 List the main sources of modern Scots Law.1名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。

名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。

Statute law, common law and European Union law2(a) What is meant by the doctrine of judicial precedent?2（一）什么是司法先例原则？（一）什么是司法先例原则？2(b) Give an example of a judicial precedent.2（b ）给出了一个司法先例的例子。

）给出了一个司法先例的例子。

3(a) Which is the superior legislative body: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament?3（一），这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰，这是上级立法机构：威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰议会？议会？3(b) Explain your choice of answer in part (a) above.3（b ）解释第（一）项的选择你的答案。

SQA-HND-商法-OUTCOME1 答案

Outcome 11. The two main areas of law are Criminal and Civil Law.- Criminal lawDefinition: deals with all types of offences过错and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes.Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, culpable homicide, piracy, treason, armed robbery, supplying illegal drugs, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft, house breaking, dangerous driving, and breach of the peace)- Civil lawDefinition: concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation, including the following:a) The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies (example: divorce case).b) The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury (example: a case where someone was claiming damages after being injured by faulty machinery at work).c) The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters (example: the legal procedures to be followed when buying or selling a house).2. Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law or Judicial Precedent.- Common LawDefinition: is a numerous legal rules that form the part of unwritten laws of Scotland which has been handed down to us as customs and practices over the centuries.A major source of Common Law is the practice whereby judges make new rules of law will be followed by other court, so that it is legally binding rules.3. Doctrine of Judicial PrecedentDefinition: is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues.It must be emphasized that not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the judge is relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely to be able to create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932)4. Westminster Parliament and Scottish Parliament (legislative body)Unlike the previous Scottish Parliament which was abolished by the Act of Union in 1707, the new Scottish Parliament is not a completely independence body. The Scottish Parliament is clear and inferior body compared with the Westminster Parliament.It is the Westminster Parliament from which the Scottish Parliament obtains its authority to pass laws for Scotland. So any legislation of the Scottish Parliament is thought to be secondary legislation.It is also necessary to know that a simple Act of the Westminster Parliament is all that it would take to abolish Scottish Parliament. Westminster Parliament has already abolished a local assembly.Acts of Parliament are often referred to as legislation or statute law until the creation of Scottish Parliament, the Westminster Parliament alone made laws for Scotland. However Westminster has given the Scottish Parliament authority in many different areas of policy to make statute law.Abolition of feudal tenure act 2000The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974Sale of Goods Act 1979Employment Rights Act 1996Protection of Children Act 20035. Civil Law v Criminal Law- Criminal Law is primarily used by the state as a means of maintaining law and border by punishing certain individuals who have the behavior as criminally and antisocially. The State uses the Criminal Law to punish criminals on behalf of the community or sociality.- The Civil Law is to resolve legal disputes between private individuals in such areas as 民事纠纷Family Law, Company Law, Partnership Law, Banking and Finance Law, Sale of Goods and Services Law, Consumer Law, Personal Injury Claims Law, and Divorce.- Different courts and standers of evidence and procedures exist depending on whether we are talking about a criminal action or a civil dispute.Conflict between Scottish and european lawIf there is a conflict between Scottish and European law, the court should obey the rules or laws under European law.The European Union is an organization of 25 member states. The members must obey the rules or laws in order to enjoy the benefits of membership.Britain has been a member of the European Union since January 1, 1973. because of the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 by the Westminster Parliament. It is this legislation that recognizes the supremacy of European Law over the domestic law. By the time Britain became a member of European Union 1973. Many of the important law were already in place and Britainhad to accept this as a price of membership of European Union. But if Britain decides to withdrawal from membership from European Union, then its national law will once again get supremacy.6. The Council of MinistersThe European ParliamentThe European Court of JusticeThe European CommissionThe first two have the power to make laws for the people of European.The third one enforces European Union Law.The forth one is effectively the unions civil service and it can propose law. It can also bring breaches of the varies European Union Treaties to the attention of the European courts of justice. The Commission is regarded as the EU Treaties guardian of the varies European Union Treaties.。

HND演示技巧outcome1

Presentation SkillsF84E 35 (Outcome one)Name:SCN:CLASS:Content pageIntroduction (2)Findings (2)Presentation to banchory residents (2)Presentation to parents and teachers group (4)Presentation to Local councillors (7)Conclusion (9)Reference (9)IntroductionThis report describes 6 ways of speaking, and the analysis of the combination of scenes. PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models.FindingsPresentation to banchory residentsTwo methods chosen2. CD-ROMHow to use the two methods1. Put pictures, videos and information into the PPT, so as to facilitate the audience more intuitive understanding of the content of the speech. Before the banchory residents into green and new house style are made into a video on ppt. Enterprise speakers can watch the video and residents banchory to explain, so that residents banchory can be very clear to get the answer to the question. Then the road improvement and the issue of housing density through the picture into the PPT, the enterprise speaker through the banchory residents PPT through the picture and explain, so that residents can be very clear to get the answer to the question.2. Residents banchory consider the problem, you can go to find the problem has been solved CD-ROM, so that residents banchory understanding of the problem can be easily solved. This can make residents banchory more simple to understand the content of the speech. The enterprise can make banchory residents look at the speaker and illustrate that banchory residents can get the answer is very clear.Why these have been selectedpurpose of the presentationCompany representatives and residents together discuss proposed problems: density of housing for each site, the new housing fitting in' with existing styles, access and road improvements and landscaping and boundary issues. The purpose of the presentation is to allay fears, answer questions, provide details of proposed housing styles and present an illustration of how the village will look at the end of the development work. PPT and CD-ROM the two speech can alleviate the concerns of banchory residents, because of focus have presented the problem to the banchory residents of these two ways can be clearly, let banchory residents can get a clearer and more comprehensive answer.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of local residents -150 is 100 people banchory, belonging to a large-scale speech. PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen to make the presence of all the banchory residents are heard and seen speech content, and the CD-ROM data to more convincing, can take care of every one in the presence of local banchory residents. The audience all belong to the local residents banchory, and the number of people are more, all of the degree of every culture has. And CD-ROM PPT can take care of people in every level of education, because residents can be through photos and videos to understand the situation. Residents banchory can make a better understanding of the content of the speech.3. The venue of the presentationThis presentation of the site is the village hotel banquet hall can sit 100-150, speech is relatively large site. In the extensive field speech are most worried about is the audience the audience can clearly hear presentations, PPT and CD-ROM wouldn't have such problems, because the PPT and CD-ROM can use big screen playing to the audience the audience clearer and better understanding to all of the content and the answers.AdvantagesPPT has the speaker does not move back and forth.advantage that can make the content more rich, because PPT can put a lot of different knowledge, such as photos and videos.3. PPT advantage that can combine the sound.4. PPT advantage is convenient and quick.5. Advantage of the CD-ROM it is convenient to copy computer data to CD.6. Advantage of the CD-ROM is a large amount of data.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage is that ppt computer emergency situation is not good control.2. ppt drawback is dark environment.3. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that CD-ROM can only use the content, can not be modified.4. The disadvantage of CD-ROM is that it is easy to be damaged, and the data is gone.Presentation to parents and teachers groupTwo methods chosen1. photographs and pictures2. videosHow to use the two methods1. Enterprise speaker can advance the picture of the planning area to see parents and teachers group, which can be more intuitive and real audience to understand the contents of the speech.Each speaker can give the audience a picture made, every listener can be more detailed and comprehensive picture of the learned new classrooms and new playground look.Parents and teachers group to see the pictures,you can integrated the various aspects to make recommendations, companies can put proposals to modify the record.2. Enterprise speaker can give parents and teachers group videos to explain the contents of the videos in the audience can quickly get the point. In his speech, parents and teachers group needs more intuitive, so use videos to presentations more persuasive. Enterprise speaker can put new classrooms and new playground analog videos presented to parents and teachers group, so parents and teachers group can be very detailed to watch the speech focus and make recommendations.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationCompany representatives, parents and teachers gathering together discuss the construction of the new adventure play area, new wildlife garden, including a pond, and updating school library with more 'quiet zones' and 15 new computers. The aim of this presentation is to present to parents and teachers the proposed plans for these areas and to encourage them to recommend ideas and suggestions. The local council is also taking this opportunity to upgrade existing facilities in the school. photographs and pictures and videos of these two methods can be fully speech to the audience to provide comprehensive and detailed information that allows parents and teachers group fully understand the new classrooms and a new playground, detailed pictures and videos can make listeners Presentations more understanding. Clarity, better advice.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThe number of listeners initially set at 18 people, which is a small-scale presentations, the speakers and audience interaction is very important. photographs and pictures and videos of these two speeches are suitable for small-scale ways of speech, Because corporate spokesman and let parents and teachers group to better face to face communication, making communication more accuracy. The speaker can use pictures and videos to answer audience questions, you can also interact with the audience, take advice.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech venue is a large classroom, the size of the classroom is limited, so the site will not be very broad. And the equipment of the classroom is very comprehensive, so the speaker with videos and photographs and pictures these two kinds of speech is very appropriate. These two methods are more convenient for the interaction between the speaker and the audience. Can maximize the effect of the speech, and be able to absorb better recommendations.Advantages1. The advantage of photographs and pictures is to give people the impression deeply, the effect is good.2. The advantage of photographs and pictures is that the picture is vivid and concise.3. Photographs and pictures advantage is high, the picture can be better reflected.4. The advantages of photographs and pictures is a high concrete, pictures can take the language specific presentation in front of the audience.5. Videos advantage is high efficiency and improve the effect of speech.6. Advantage of videos is real high, real videos are shot.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage photographs and pictures it is inconvenient to take notes.2. The disadvantage photographs and pictures that the audience will feel boring.3. The disadvantage is inconvenient to record videos.4. The disadvantage is that videos during playback, may cause the listener's attention is not focused.Presentation to Local councillorsTwo methods chosen1. graphs and charts2. objects and modelsHow to use the two methods1. Enterprises can use the speakers in detail and charts to explain the content of the speech to local councillors, so you can make the audience better understand the content of speech. To speak to local councillors is very formal, the graphs and charts presented to the local councillors is more appropriate. Business speaker in the form of a chart to the traffic survey data presented to the audience, the audience focus on the content can be found in the chart.2. Corporate speakers can be carried out after the graph model entities to explain the content to local councillors, allowing the audience clearly see and feel the expansion of the village simulation. And give local councillors very formal speech, objects and models used in formal speech speech mode. Companies can give each speaker a local councillors see, get in front of each listener, so local councillors can be very detailed understanding of the situation and can make good suggestions.Why these have been selected1. The purpose of the presentationRepresentatives of the company and local members together discuss finalized timetable for project starting spring of next year, data from traffic survey carried out by QinitiQ along with their predicted figures for traffic flow on project completion and recommendations from Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) on native tree planting proposal. Within the council there has been strong support for expansion of existing villages as opposed to establishing new villages. Graphs and charts can be formal way this speech to the audience and explain in detail the content of the speech, objects and models can be more intuitive and clearly explain the contents of the speech can be made more efficient.2. The nature and the size of the audienceThis meeting will take place in the council chambers and there will be a group of 35 people which consists of councillors and representatives from planning, roads and transport and environmental services. The speech 35 audience, a medium size. Enterprises should pay attention to the speaker and every local councillors interaction, Graphs and charts can be used to chart the performance of the content and the ability for everyone to communicate, when rendered objects and models so that we can more intuitive understanding of the content of speech.3. The venue of the presentationSpeech is the place of the meeting room, is a very formal place. It is necessary to use concrete data and detailed accessories to make the speech more formal and professional. graphs and charts speech mode and speech mode objects and models in a formal occasion to explain to the audience the content of speech, so that the audience better understand the presentation content and more explicit.Advantages1.Advantages graphs and charts of high authenticity, charts are based on real information made.2.Advantages graphs and charts is convincing high.3.Advantages graphs and charts that make speech very intuitive.4.Advantages graphs and charts is to make a more detailed presentation.5.Advantages objects and models is more formal, more suitable for speech.6.Advantages objects and models is persuasive relatively large, we can look at the model to explain at the same time.Disadvantages1. The disadvantage graphs and charts that fit in a certain field, people with expertise to understand and intuitive content.2. The disadvantage graphs and charts is the long production time.3. The disadvantage objects and models is not convenient to carry.4. The disadvantage objects and models have cost too costly.ConclusionThis report introduces 6 ways of speaking in 3 scenarios. Respectively is PPT, CD-ROM, photographs and pictures, videos , graphs and charts ,objects and models. And combined with the scene for the purpose of speech, the number of speech and speech scene for a detailed analysis. And summed up the advantages and disadvantages of the 6 ways of speech.ReferenceScottish Qualifications Authority,(2006).Presentation Skills, Peking Economic Times Press,11-31.。

HND客户服务OUTCOME1案例

Assessment Task 1Outcomes covered 1 and 2Assessment Case study: The ABC AirlineAn ABC Airline is an airline based in Singapore who has a young fleet, experienced pilots, attentive cabin crew and the pickiest ground technicians in the world.This airline company claims to offering the customer its undivided attention and care. Today, it is taking great pride in its reputation for both quality and being a ‘good listener’. It has learnt that superior-quality service pays off and, most importantly, that doing what the customer wants is the key to customer retention.As one of Asia’s largest route network operations, the ABC Airline conducted in 2005 one of the most comprehensive and extensive passenger surveys ever carried out. As the usual industrial practice only a few thousand travelers are asked for their views and comments. The airline surveyed over 400,000 Asian business travelers who fly with them or other airlines. What’s noteworthy is not the survey results, but the response to what business customers want.Top of the list of wants for a better flight for business customers was more leg-room and elbow-room, followed in third and fourth places by designated lounges and non-smoking aircraft. Separate check-ins and passport control were the top two most important convenience factors stressed by the business customers surveyed.The ABC Airline listened and took note by heart. It carried out tests on wider seating arrangement for business-class passengers on selected domestic and international routes. Responses were very positive. It redesigned a unique response where the airline world is concerned, business-class seats to make them wider. To ensure that The ABC Airline got things right first time, the design of the new seat was carefully thought out. The airline seat manufacturer, which was commissioned to do the redesign, was brought in to work with the airline’s marketing and technical staff. Other conveniences were also incorporate into the ne w seats. For example, they are equipped with modern communication systems, and a credit-card-operated telephone is installed in each armrest!Finding out what target customers require or desire is one thing. Responding to these demands and to the satisfaction of customers is another. The ABC Airline ran an ad campaign to thank respondents in the survey. But as the story above shows, a customer focus can benefit service business. To improve service quality, the firm must listen to what customers want and then commit resources to deliver precisely that.NB: The Case Study above is totally fictitious. It does not depict any real company.。

HND_商务沟通_outcome1

Assessment task 1Access the White PaperGreen ICT---The Greening of BusinessSkim the report briefly to get a sense of the topic and viewpoint, then focus on reading Section 3-3.1 of Green ICT in the Office.访问白皮书绿色信息通信技术——绿化业务脱脂报告简要地得到了人们的主题和观点,然后专注于阅读部分3 - 3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室。

3.1 Green ICT in the office3.1.1 Energy-efficient use of equipment and use of energy- efficient equipment.Each and every office desktop offers opportunities to save energy. This involves both energy-efficient use of equipment and the use of energy-efficient equipment.3.1绿色信息通信技术在办公室3.1。

1节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。

每个办公室桌面提供了机会来节约能源。

这涉及到两个节能设备的使用和使用节能设备。

Leaving a copler switched on overnight uses as much power as it takes to make 1500 copies. [Experton].离开一个copler开启一夜之间使用的电力相当于让1500册。

[Experton]。

Even without deploying any new technology, significant savings can be realized by encouraging office workers to change their habits. Company policies can be contribute: for example, through the use of hibernation mode and power-management software for hardware, duplex printing, and generally avoiding unnecessary printouts.即使没有部署任何新技术,可以实现节约大量通过鼓励办公室员工改变他们的习惯。

HND国际商业组织outcome1CXY

HND Global Business Organisations: F27C 35Candidate name: ChengXiaoyuStudent ID:135144843Tutor: Minggui QuTitle of the project:Investigation of the organizational structure of GM Word count: 735Introduction:This report mainly write General Motors to enter the international market, some of the history , after entering the international market, changes in the pattern . There are two in the subject of this report .Topic 1Describes the historical background , a global business organization, from the beginning to the present day, including the sizeGeneral Motors Corporation , GM motosGeneral Motors was founded by William Durant in September 1908 at the Buick Motor Company developed on the basis of the U.S. automobile city , was founded in Detroit . GM (General Motors) has been involved in 33 countries around the world to establish a car manufacturing business , automotive products are sold in over 200 countries.GM's export sector in the Philippine capital Manila, the first branch of the establishment of the Far East . To the 1920s , mid-century , GM North America, the car manufacturing export sector has been exported to Asia .In 1922, the Manila office moved to Shanghai, China, for the Chinese assembly lines laid the foundation for the future . In 1923, Sloan , president of the company's production line rationalization , the company will enter a rapid development period .After World War II , General Motors corporate decision makers realize that there will be a car sales during the launch of a larger , more profit potential of the car, to strengthen the automotive market leading position , and other products on the market also won the main position, to become the largest U.S. military supplies one of the contractors . In 1923, General Motors in Europe, opened its first manufacturing plantCountries and regions outside North America the manufacture and sale of automobile first attempt , General Motors in Copenhagen, Denmark opened its first manufacturing plant.The first production Chevrolet automobile factory in the Scandinavian countries , the Baltic countries , Germany, Poland , Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary and Russia. General Motors in 1926 , continued global expansion, strengthening General Motors Co., Ltd. was established in Australia opened its presence in Asia and South America, set up a new subsidiary companies and factories of the regiment. Has completed in the factory located in Melbourne , Australia , Perth , Sydney, Adelaide , Brisbane ...In 1926, accelerated global expansion. In New Zealand , general manager , the company began production of copper prop business.Gm Japan Co. , LTD. Established offices in kobe.Gm Japanese company founded in 1927 GM Java company opens a new factory , then Osaka.And ( now Indonesia )Topic2Describe the organization's expansion , including global acquisitions, mergers , and business development of the structure --- whether it is centralized or decentralizedCombined with the company in 1911 truck fast car company and the integrity of the company, the GM truck company , purchased a tractor company in the same year , 1913 , the company purchased a refrigerator Health ( later the Ministry of the Arctic ) and Champion Spark Plug Company ( after changed its name to AC spark Plug Company ) and so on.Durant regain control after he acquired Shelton Motor Company , Fisher's car companies and car manufacturers in Canada McLaughlin Motor Company ( later GM Canada ) 60% of the shares. During World War I , the company produces a largenumber of army trucks , ambulances , aircraft engines.After the war, the company has been through the establishment of General Motors Acceptance Corporation to strengthen product wholesale , and achieved great success. In 1923, a yellow car manufacturing companies and several aircraft companies merged , launched in 1925 to compete with Ford Chevrolet sedan , the modern automobile design and implementation of the " car, need the money as the goal" and launch a new model every year Ford Motor Company 's strategic , thrown far behind.In 1980, General Motors sold at Arctic sector and Terex . In 1984 , GM invested $ 250 million acquisition of Electronic Data Systems in 1985 , Saturn , Tennessee plant in the Japanese-style car , and $ 470 million acquisition of Hughes Aircraft Company also announced the establishment . Meanwhile, General Motors and other companies also launched a joint venture of more than 50 , from manufacturing to artificial intelligence, robotics companies , a wide range , with Smith 's words, it is to find the key to the 21st century .ConclusionGeneral Motors Corporation has a long history , General Motors Corporation through a lot of international market expansion , along with mergers and acquisitions , and successfully opened up the international market.。

HND-商法导论Outcome1答案

1.Sources of Scots Law are Statute Law, European Union Law, and Common Law 2.the licensing (scotland)act 1975 sale of goods act 1979 employment rights act 1996 the human rights act 1998 dog fouling (scotland) act 2003 3.family law disputes land disputes employment law disputes parliament is the superior legislative body .after theact of union in 1707, the new scttish parliament is not completely in 1707, independent parliament is primary. be 5.a crme is behavior which is harmful to society.it will will be punished.for example, murder, rape,theft,fraud，assault belong to crimes. 6.it exists a conflict between scots and eu law ,the scottish courts would have to obey the eu's legal system. eu is a club which has 27 member of the states.britain is a member of the club.so the britian must do its responesibility,and give up their own law.if the britain desided to quit the club ,the laws of the britain follow the domestic law . 7.speaking exactly the council of ministers,with the advice of of ministers,with european parliament .cm and ep have the law-making powers.the european court of justice implement eu law .the eu commission can propose laws effectively. 8.act of parliament are often considered as legislation . the statute is made uk parliament and the scottish parliament. 9. A.Judicial Precedent is a process involves a process whereby a judge can develop a rule of law by making a decision in a test case. A test case refers to the one in which clarification of an important point of law is sought, and judges after listening to opposite legal arguments will have to make the decision about which view of the law is correct. B.Once this decision has been made, future judges and course will be expected to follow the reasoning in the test case, if they are dealing with a case with similar legal issues. C.It not every judge can make a new binding legal rule. The authority of the judge or court should be considered here, if the unlikely to to be able to relatively junior, he/she will be unlikely judge is is relatively create a new rule of law. But on the other hand, if the rule comes from superior courts, this decision will be followed by the lower or inferior courts. D.Judicial precedent or case law is parts of the unwritten law of Scotland. E.Donoghue v Stevneson (1932) 10. Criminal law is deals with all types of offences and crimes, concerns itself with the recognition of what amounts to a crime and the punishments suitable for these recognized crimes. Criminal conduct is the behavior which threatens the safety and security of the community. So the offender should be punished by imprisonment or fine or some other sanctions. Examples: murder, piracy, fire raising, assault, fraud, theft Civil law is concerned with non-criminal disputes and situation. The settlement of legal disputes between individuals and other bodies The payment of compensation from one party to another for loss or injury The setting of procedures to govern financial and other matters. example divorce case. 。

SQA——HND——商法导论——outcome1 答案

2. Crime is an act which include social harmfulness, criminal richtswitrig and should be punitive. It threatens and damages the public interests, violates criminal law. And it should be punished by criminal law.3. shoplifting, murder, rape,fire-raising,fraud4. contractual disputes,succession disputes,trusts,personal injury claims,family law disputes5. EU law, Common law, statute law6. First, European Union is an organization which include 27 member states. Second, the 27 member states must abide by EU l aw. Third, EU law is prevailed over member’s law. When EU law and UK law form conflict, it must use the EU law.7. In 1972, UK joined the EU. And UK published the European Communities Act. When EU law and UK law form conflict, UK must use the EU law, If UK out of EU, it can not use the EU law.8. The European commission’s function is proposed law for a lawsuit. The council of ministers isa legislature. Its role is to pass the law and to represent the EU and other countries signed an agreement. European parliament’s role is to realize the EU law with the council of ministers. European court of Justice’s role is to interpret the EU law.9. Judicial precedents is a judge to create the legal process. When the judge found no judgment relevant laws and the judge had to create a new law. And the law need be created by High Court. It must be abide by each court in the future. The inferior court to abide by a superior couet to create laws. The superior court to abide by its own create laws. Example: Donoghue V Stevenson 1932 SC(HL) 3110. Statutes is law enacted by the parliament.There are UK parliament law and Scottish parliament law in UK. At first some laws are made by UK parliament and only for Scotland. Later, Scotland gets the rights to make its own law in some areas.11. Between 1707 and 1998, there is not Scottish parliament in UK. Only the UK parliament directly for Scotland to make law. From 1998, the UK parliament authorized the rights to make laws for Scotland. So the law was draw up by UK parliament called primary law. The law was draw up by Scottish parliament called secondary laws.12. 1998 Scotland Act , 1975 The Licensing Act , 1976 The Divorce Act , 1979 Sale of goods Act , 1996 Emloyment rights Act .。

HND商法导论outcome1

1 Sources of modern Scots Law.Statute law,common law and European Union law2 How do you describe the doctrine of judicial precedent? Examples of judicial precedent.It means that a judge can make law when there aren't legislation or precedents for him to use to deal with the case in his hand. In doing so, the judge or judges listen to arguments of all parties to decide which view of law is right. This case is called test case. They make their decision and then future judges should follow the reasoning in the test case . Not all the judges have the authority to make precedents. Junior judges usually can not do this. Ruling made by superior court must be followed by lower court.3 Which is more powerful: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament? Why? The Westminster Parliament is superior. On the one hand, Scottish Parliament passes laws within the power conferred by the Westminster. On the other hand, the Westminster can abolish Scottish Parliament by passing an act.4 What is a statute?A statute is where a legislation is written down. A legislation made by parliament is called Act of Parliament, and also known as a statute.5 Name five Acts of Parliame nt.6 What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland? Criminal law is to maintain law and order by punishing criminals. The punishments includes imprisonment and fine and so on. Civil law is to resolve legal disputes between individuals such as divorce, personal injury, contractual disputes, sale of goods, etc. Criminal and civil cases are dealt with by different courts, who use different proof rules and follow different procedure.7 What is a crime? (You should list four examples of criminal behaviour) A crime is a kind of behaviour which threatens or destroys social security and should be punished by the state. Murder, rape, treason, theft, manslaughter, robbery, bribery, fraud, etc.8 Examples of a civil dispute. Contractual disputes, employment disputes, debt recovery, divorce, personal injury, land diputes9 If any conflicts between Scots and European Union Law, which one should the Scottish Courts follow? Why? European Union law. The UK is now a member of the EU. In order to enjoy the benefit as a member, the UK must obey the EU law. The UK has passed an act to confirm its membership and accepted that the EU law shall be superior to its domestic law.10 List the four most important institutions of the European Union and Which of them has law-making powers?1 The Council of Ministers.2 The European Parliament.3 The European Court of Justice.4 The European Commission.The Council of Ministers and the European Parliament has law-making powers.1 Examples of The European Union can make legal rules. Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions2 “the primacy of European Union Law”? It means that when there is a conflict between EU law and Scots law, a Scottish court implements the EU law instead of Scots law.4 What is …legislation‟? Legislation refers to laws passed by the parliaments. These laws are Acts of Parliament. Besides, there is delegated legislation, which is made by bodies lower than the parliaments and authorized by the parliaments.5 Which of the two legislative bodies is more important? The Westminster Parliament is more important than The Scottish Parliament.6 What does the XXX (Scotland) Act mean? It means that this legislation is made by Scottish Parliament and applys to Scotland only.8 What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial which a prosecutor must achieve in order to convict the accused? The prosecutor must clearly prove the accused is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt.9 What is …common law‟? Common law is an important part of the unwritten law of Scotland. It includes judicial precedents, custom, equity and institutional writings.。

hnd商务沟通outcome1答案

SummaryThe article mainly explains the workforce management should change in now. It can’t just depend on traditional management approach. With the development of Globalization, culture different become animportant element to influence the leadership, management and strategy. The smart manger should learn and understand it.The article has four mainly parts, cultural blunder, embarrass the leader,localize, localize, localize and a 'United Nations Approach'About cultural blunder, it explain the cultural blunder make thecompany faceserious problems and potential problems. In the example about “EraseMan”, the company leader did not consider the cultural different, so it cause cultural gaffe. It makes Asian staff feel confused and annoyed.Other manufacturers worldwide will face much more serious consequence, if they don’t know the different customs. Meanwhile, Multinational companies also face workforces that place different values on workplace benefits. For example the IBM report and Big Blue's Global Human Capital Study 2008 provide more evidences.About embarrass the leader, it points the leader should make staff acceptleadership roles, it need coaxing and encouragement. Some cultural is more comfortable to solve problems rather than depending on other cultural. For example leaders should encourage Asian staff to use this form of reporting which can embarrass leadership. And the safety is aproblem. In differentcountries safety standard is different, some developing countriessafety standards may be lacking.About third part, the mainly idea is localize. The PPG provides the direction to the foreign staff. The autonomy has been given in each regional operation in the dicision process. And it provides intense training to low-skilled workforces. Onsite and online training courses both are included. It can help the company’ developing countries get knowledge from mature regions. It also helps PPG's offshore workforces understand the strategy, standards and protocols of the company for each respective region.In the last part, it emprises cooperation. It points Guardian has created a companywide "United Nations" which will hold twice meeting one year. It can make local staff help foreign employees operate successful. And W.R. Grace has a similar program. The conference can boost morale and reduce the conflicts between the staffs that come for different contraries.For example the Germans and Americans have different communication approaches, and the company approve method to make they understand other contrary consumer.In short, the culture has become an importantfactor in the management. The manger should learn, understand and use it to make the management to be successful.Intended readersThe mainly intended audiences for the article seem to be the people who work in administration or management in multinational companies. It includes manger, CEO or shareholder. Especially those often involved in international business.The article points the importance of the culture in the management.It can give the leadersome useful imaginations about the strategy decision. The staff work in multinational companies will have interest in the article. Especially some staffs who work in foreign trade department. The article can help the staff understand the culture different of foreign countries. And understand other foreigner; it can help them work well. The teacher who teaches communication can use this article and, the article can help the students understand better. In fact the article is easy to understand, general public would read the article.However, if the writer gives more detailed examples, it will havea wider audience.PurposeThe article has two purposes, provide some examples to describe the importance of culture and make the reader accept his ideas.For examplein the begin of the article the author points understanding the culture is important. And it lists many examples to emprise the idea in different aspects. There is not many personal opinions. The author explains how to deal the cultural difference in management correctly thethrough the examples.So the mainly purpose is to inform not to persuade.LanguageThe language is basically semi-formal, easy to read. The sentence structures and vocabulary is easy to understand. There are noerrors on spelling and punctuations. And the grammar is right. The sentence general has about 20 words, and the sentences have different lengths.But there are some long sentences,difficult new words. It is hard for reader to understand.However there are some contractions such asisn't,wasn't and that's. The article is expressed clearly and objectively. It mainly uses the third person.StructureThe structure of the article is confusion. It includes introduction and contents. Introduction is explained in the start of the article. The contents follow the introduction including four parts. But in the end of the article, there lack the conclusion. And the article lacks continuity;there was little connectionbetween some paragraphs.The main ideas are not explain in the beginning of the each paragraph, thereare examples in the start of each part. The main ideas usually present in the middle of the paragraph. It will make reader feel confusion.Layout●The layout is clear and acceptable.There isparagraphspacingbetweenparagraphs. Margins are equal on all four sidespreventing this text overcrowded. There are title and sub-title;it could be added to attract the audience’s attention.And title,sub-title and text use correct forts. The title and sub-title useboldface to attract the audience’s attention,help the audience skimand could have increased visual impact. The title size is biggerthan the sub-title,and the sub-title is bigger than text. Type size of12 point is acceptable. The use of one type of fonts lacks variety.●。

hnd 员工申诉outcome1

1.According to best practice, what should be the contents of a formal grievanceprocedure?Employees in content appeal management can be roughly divided into: appeal with appeal requirements, content and range appeal ways and means, appeal, appeal and complaint handling with responsibility.1.The content and scope and appeal petition demands and mainexplanation is: employees in the following circumstances appealo are only legal. Superior have corruption, bribery, theft, such asthe international peacekeeper behavior abusing power; Superiorhave sold, leak the harm such as enterprise behavior; Superiorabuse of power, with the major of appeal of injustice; Superiorpecans command will cause serious potential accident; Enterpriseadministrative sanctions; encroach worker legal rights Staffassignments conditions will harm worker healthy; Other seriousunreasonable behavior. The appeal of the above situationemployees as power is also obligations.2.Appeal ways and means refers to: the plaintiff may take interview,letters (signed) ways appeal. The plaintiff according to acceptcomplaints of the object can deal with problems and justicecredible complaints degree chooses to accept complaints object.The plaintiff may appeal to the relevant multi-level administrativedepartment or appeal. The enterprise internal can't handle relevantgovernment law enforcement to appeal or an arbitrationcommission.plaint handling refers to: accept the plaintiff in investigationand evidence collection process should be based on swift,confidentiality, objective principle, relevant departments mustactively cooperate. All who are investigating personnel musttruthfully, and the investigation items claiming compensation isconfidential. Every level superior and in charge of relevantdepartments shall accept complaints in the stipulated time, make adecision within the plaintiff is must perform such as obedienceaward. The human resources department, be entitled to acceptcomplaints for employees to defend, have the right to represent itsadministrative leadership or staff relevant administrativedepartments shall know details about the date of the provisionswithin the plaintiff obey mediation conciliation, make is must becarried out. If the mediation disaffected, can continue to relevantlaw enforcement or the arbitration committee appeal.2.Read the case study about ‘Universal Journals’and using the backgroundoutlined, together with your knowledge and understanding of handling grievance in the workplace, answer the following questions:a.Nick at the company that he did not get what he wants job, he thought he did a good job in the company should not be subject to such unfair treatment. And in this matter, to be informed in late, have not been in the company due attention and respect. Martha Brown, and he thinks there is no justice for him, and bias against him, and told him to not clear how to do it, Nick did not do a very good communication and exchange.b.Martha Brown－NickMartha should tell Nick what to do, but Martha and it should be pointed out that no time, Nick mistake criticism, Nick. When Nick mistakes should be timely points out, Nick mistake. Let Nick to realize his own mistake.Nick－Martha BrownNick has not said own idea to Martha Brown, has not adopted the very good communication. Is only accuses Martha Brown the management fault.Jennifer Miller－Martha Brown，NickMartha Brown did not timely report to Jennifer Miller on the Martha Brown himself and the problems between employees, there is no communication, and Jennifer Mille how solutions should be the question about Nick. Jennifer Miller did not specifically ask Martha Brown and the staff have any questions directly, and employees have no one to one exchange. Jennifer Miller did not ask Nick and his superiors in a timely manner any problems, there is no good some of the issues concerned with subordinatesc.Company does not have a clear evaluation system, and the company does not have a description of staff responsibilities. The staff and management of the system are not strict. Human Resource staff in the recruitment system is not clear and not rigorous.Lack of clarity in the company's rules and regulations, and management of the company do not have good management training. It led to poor communication between management and staff issues.d.Nick: should be timely and the company's management or their superiors to take communication and exchange, to avoid unnecessary conflicts. Then they have a strict requirement to do things seriously, pro-active to complete their work.Martha Brown: Nick should be told how to do it in time, and know to tell him what to do. Nick pointed out the error and on an appropriate criticism of Nick, so Nick aware of their mistakes. Although the company does not have a clear evaluation system, but Martha Brown should make a written record of evidence.Jennifer Miller: Jennifer Miller Martha Brown should do training in the management, and Martha Brown and Nick thing to do for a further discussion. After receipt of the application and Nick communication and exchange, promptly inform the development of Nick's things, and the best chance of an interview given to Nick. Or after the election of the new assistant, and Nick for a communication.e.ⅰ:If the company aspect hoped that has a very good solution way with Nick, the company aspect should have a good communication with Nick, and gives a Nick positive apology statement. For a Nick new position trades a work the environment. And rises in salary. Or gives a leave of absence the opportunity and the training opportunityⅱ:The company must consummate company's rules and regulations and the appraisal system. Training management work staff. Then must give a detailed positiondescription in each work position. Finally must certainly consummate oneself company's employment advertise procedure.ing examples from the case study, explain how a formal grievanceprocedure can contribute to the resolution of conflict and to the improvement of organizational performance.Formal appeals process in the company is very important. If the company in recognized in the system and management, what are the inappropriate words and make timely corresponding solutions. Will reduce the staff of the company, the company produces dissatisfaction and better complete responsibility he ought to do work. This company will reduce unnecessary trouble. Reduce processing trouble time, improve the efficiency of the management of the company and work efficiency. The effective management of employees will give the company reduce unnecessary losses, won't waste time on management staff. But in the time better use of how to improve the company's economic profits. Solved the employee in aspects of management, the company can decrease greatly some trivial management program. Regulators also will in the shortest possible time solving the staff's problems, allowing employees to the company's discontent and eliminating doubts. For his work on the company into better energy. Help company to get a maximum profit. So a company in staff management has a good management system of the company is own business interests do a good protection. Because they have a very good employee management system so they won't lead to employees of the company, will let staff thoroughly discontent in working to have a very good job security.。

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