家庭装修室内空气污染对居民健康影响

家庭装修室内空气污染对居民健康影响

【关键词】家庭装修；空气污染；健康；甲醛；氨；总挥发性有机物(TVOC)

摘要：目的探讨室内装修空气污染的主要污染物、污染程度及对人群健康的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，在长春市选择装修6个月内的住户，监测甲醛、氨和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)的浓度，同时进行问卷调查。结果甲醛和总挥发性有机物(VOCs)是家庭装修室内空气污染的主要污染物；甲醛暴露量每增加5mg/m3，发生中枢神经系统反应、眼、鼻、喉刺激症状、呼吸系统反应和皮肤过敏反应的危险性分别增加2833，8751，2452和3102倍；随着TVOC暴露量的增加，发生中枢神经系统反应和呼吸道系统反应的危险性分别增加2776和2044倍。结论室内装修中甲醛暴露量与人群发生中枢神经系统反应、眼、鼻、喉刺激症状、呼吸系统反应和皮肤过敏反应有关。TVOC暴露量与人群发生中枢神经系统反应和呼吸系统反应有关。

关键词：家庭装修；空气污染；健康；甲醛；氨；总挥发性有机物(TVOC)

Investigation on indoor air pollution to health in decorated houses

Abstract： Objective To explore the major pollution,the pollution condition and the effect to health in decorated houses.Methods Decorated houses within 6 months in Changchun were selected with the method of cluster radom sampling.To examine densities of formaldehyde,ammonia,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) and complete questionaire.Results Formaldehyde and VOCs were the major air pollutions in decorated houses.Formaldehyde exposure increases 5mg/m3 every time,the risk increases 2.833,8.751,2.452 and 3.102 times separately on the central nervous system reactions,the irritation symptoms of eyes,noses and throat,the respiratory system reactions and the skin allergic reactions.With TVOC exposure increasing,the risk increases 2.776 and 2.044 times separately in the central nervous system reactions and the respiratory system reactions.Conclusion Formaldehyde exposure was connected with the central nervous system reactions,the irritation symptoms of eyes,noses and throat,the respiratory system reactions and the skin allergic reactions in decorated OC exposure was connected with the central nervous system reactions and the respiratory system reactions in decorated houses.

Key words：decorated houses;air

pollution;health;formaldehyde;ammonia;total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)

随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高，室内装修已经非常普及，一些新材料、新涂料的使用，释放出多种污染物，成为室内空气污染的重要来源。本文通过人群流行病学调查及居室装修后室内空气中主要污染物的监测，明确室内装修空气污染的重点污染物、污染程度及对人群健康的影响。

1 对象与方法

11 对象采用整群抽样的方法，分别在长春市5个行政区选取1～2个住宅小区，在住宅小区内选择装修6个月内，建筑规模、房间布局相近的住户，进行室内空气污染指标监测，其中甲醛监测201户、氨97户和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)50户，同时对379人进行问卷调查。

12 甲醛、氨和挥发性有机物(VOCs)的采集根据《室内空气质量标准》〔1〕，采样点避开通风口，离墙壁距离＞05m，高度与人的呼吸带高度一致，相对高度在05～15m之间。采样时关闭门窗。甲醛和氨用固相吸附气体采样管采集〔2〕，挥发性有机化合物用Tenax GC 采样，流量05L/min，采样30min；记录采样时的温度、湿度和气压。