英语语法：复合句三

九．复合句（三）

三．状语从句：充当句子状语，可表示时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件和让步等。

I．时间状语从句：

1．When (同时发生或从句先与主句), while (同时进行持续时间较长), as (两动作紧接着发生)引导eg.

He entered the room when/ while/ as the meeting was going on.

When I meet the right man, I will get married.

While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes.

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

但：He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down. (“突然，正在这时”) Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. (“而，但是”)

2．“一……就”的表示法：1）副词once, directly, immediately；2）名词词组the moment, the instant, the day, the year, any time, last (first, next) time, each (every time)；3）连接词as soon as, since, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when/ before, no sooner…than.eg. Instantly (=Directly, Immediately) the button, the mine explodes.

You can call me any time you want to. The moment he saw us, he turned pale.

Jack had scarcely/ hardly seen me when/ before he left the room.

注意：No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted. (否定词在句首主句要倒装)

She has never called on me since she moved to the country. (since引导的从句用过去时，主句用完成时) 3．till与until：till多口语，until多书面语（句首只能用until），肯定表示“直到……为止”，否定表示“直到……才”eg. I’ll wait till/ until he comes back. Until you told me I had no idea of what she said. 注意：Not until after the war did they meet again.

It wasn’t until they had a discussion that they made up their mind.

注意：I didn’t notice it till (it was) too late. When (I was)a boy, I looked at such things differently.

II．地点状语从句：where, wherever, everywhere和anywhere引导。eg.

You should put the book where it was. Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.

III．原因状语从句：1）because>since>as引导。eg. “Why were you late?” “Because the traffic was too heavy.”

As it is raining, let’s stay at home.Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.

注意：It was because (since, as) he was careless that he failed.

The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up.

区分：We did not go out, because it was raining.

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.

2）复合连词in that, now that, seeing that, considering that, not that…but that, insomuch as引导。eg.

A gas differs from liquid in that it has no definite shape. Now (that) you are ready, we’ll start working.

They did the job quite well, considering they had no experience.

I haven’t finished writing the report yet, not that I’m lazy, but that I have no time.

3）介词词组by reason, for fear, for the reason, on the ground引导。eg.

I dare not tell you what he did, for fear that he should be angry with me.

IV．结果状语从句：1）so…that, such that, such…that引导eg. He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.

It was such a bad accident that dozens of people were killed.

The shock was such that she was almost driven mad.

注意：So fierce was their dog that no one dared come near. Such was his behavior that everyone dislikes him.

2）so, that, so that引导eg. He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.

He didn’t obey the contract, so he was fined What has happened that all of them look so excited?

3）to such a degree/ an extent that, with the result that, so much so that引导eg.

The temperature rose to such an extent/ a degree that the firemen had to leave the house.

I was in the bath, with the result that (结果) I didn’t hear t he telephone.