初中英语语法大全

语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

①间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

陈述句用that 引导，口语中常省略She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

②一般疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

③反意疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor，aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

④特殊疑问句

由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：

He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said, “Where have you been，Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

⑤选择疑问句

由whether…or 引导，例：

Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

⑥祈使句

用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：

“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.

2. 时态的变化

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应变化：

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时→ 一般过去时

现在进行时→ 过去进行时

现在完成时→ 过去完成时

一般过去时→ 过去完成时

过去完成时→ 过去完成时(不变)

一般将来时→ 过去将来时

3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语，直接引语变间接引语时的变化

①指示代词

this →that

these → those

②时间状语

now → then

today → that day

tonight → that night

this morning(week，month…) → that morning(week，month …)

tomorrow → the next day

next week(month…) → the next week(month …)

yesterday → the day before

last week(month…) → the week(month…) before

three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before

③地点状语here → there

④动词come → go

特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述，here 就不必改为there；如果就在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。

直击考点

一、单项填空

1. — My parents always tell me others late at night.

—They’re right. It’s not polite.

A. call

B. not call

C. to call

D. not to call

(06年福州)

【答案】D

【解析】从答语“他们说得对，那是不礼貌的”可知，“My parents always tell me…”意为“父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话”。动词不定式是not to do，即tell sb. not to do sth. 。

2. This morning my mother asked me .

A. why he is not here

B. how did my brother do it

C. what time is it

D. what Judy did over the weekend

(06年长春)

【答案】D

【解析】主句动词asked是过去式，间接引语应用与过去有关的时态，并用陈述语序，只有选项D符合要求。

3. They say there a new bridge across the river in two years.

A. will have

B. is going to be

C. has

(06年武汉)

【答案】B

【解析】They say句是一般现在时，又因in two years“两年之后”，间接引语要用一般将来时;there be 不可与have一起用，故答案是B。

4. — Could you tell me ?

— Glad to help.

A. if I have been to the Great Wall

B. where did he study

C. how I can get to the station

D. what’s your name

(06年锦州)

【答案】C