小儿腹泻英文课件

• Diagnosis
• Management & prevention
• Fluid therapy
Content
Diarrhea
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology and Predisposing factor
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestation
• Diagnosis
• Management & prevention
• Fluid therapy
Diarrhea-definition
• Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the Fluidity, Volume, and Frequency of stools.
– Volume
• ＞ 10 ml/kg/d in children or＞ 200g/day in adolescents
– Fluidity
• Decrease in consistency (loose or liquid)
– Frequency
• Bowel movements≥3 per 24 hours
– 1-2 episodes/child/year – 1.5 Million medical consultations – 160,000 ER visits – 220,000 hospitalizations (mean hospital stay 3.4 days) – $ 1.8 Billion per year of medical costs – Mortality rates: 32.2 deaths/100,000 live born in Afro-
Americans (8.2 in whites)
• Consequences of diarrhea in children
• Dehydration
• Death • Malnutrition
Acute stage
• Growth retardation
• Impaired mental
Chronic stage
• More nutrition demand
– Because children are growing rapidly, they need more nutrition to meet their rapid growth.
Infantile Diarrhea
2012.02 5th floor of Building No.6
Content
Diቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱrrhea
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology and Predisposing factor
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestation
development
• leading causes of death in children in developing countries
others
ARTI
15%
Perinatal diseases
diarrhea
malaria
measles HIV
Mortality from diarrhea diseases among children in developing countries
• Fluid therapy
Epidemiology
• High incidence and mortality
European
0.5-1.9 episodes per person per year
• Consume large amounts of health care costs
• USA:
– Water metabolism rapidly, the water tolerance is poor, once the water loss prone to humoral disorder.
– The functions of nerve system, endocrine, circulation, liver, kidney are inmature, prone to gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Constipation Diarrhea
Diarrhea-definition
The sudden change of stool characteristics is more important!
• Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the Fluidity, Volume, and Frequency of stools.
The mortality of diarrhea is decline:
•Development of economy •Progress of Medicine •Improvement of medical conditions •ORS use
But……
Predisposing factor
Content
Diarrhea
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology and Predisposing factor
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestation
• Diagnosis
• Management & prevention
– Volume
• ＞ 10 ml/kg/d in children or＞ 200g/day in adolescents
– Fluidity
• Decrease in consistency (loose or liquid)
– Frequency
• Bowel movements≥3 per 24 hours
• Infant digestive system is not well developed, and the function is immature:
– Lack of gastric acid secretion,-Lower enzyme activity,-Rapid gastric emptying (infection & indigestion).