初中英语语法讲解第四章代词(一)

初中英语语法讲解

第四章代词（Pronouns）

代词：是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、动词不定式、V-ing 形式、从句或句子的词。一．代词的分类

英语中代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和连接代词。分类及及例词如下：

人称代词 I we you he she it them

物主代词 my your his her our their mime hers theirs ouss 反身代词 myself yourself ourselves itself themselves

指示代词 this that these those

相互代词 each other one another

疑问代词 who whom whose which what

不定代词 all some any much many few little

关系代词 who whom whose that which as

连接代词who whom whose which what

二、人称代词

（主要用来指人的代词，也可指物）

1、人称代词的形式

人称代词有主格和宾格，有单复数形式

2、人称代词的句法功能

人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格形式在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等。

巧记：主格、宾格姐妹俩，人称代词是一家；宾格负责迎“宾”客，主格作“主”来当家。

⑴人称代词主格的句法功能

①作主语 e.g. I’m a student. You are a teacher. We all work very hard.

②作表语，用在“It’… who(that)…”结构中 e.g. It’s she who has been wrong.

⑵人称代词宾格的句法功能

①作及物动词的宾语 e.g. Tell him\her to call back a little later.

②作介词宾语 e.g. This pen is bad. I can’t write with it.

I believe in you .

③作同位语 we , us three will be able to finish the work .

④作表语人称代词作表语时，通常要用宾格

e.g. —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.

3、使用人称代词需注意的几点

①主格I 在句中的任何位置都必须大写

Mum suggests that I should cheer up when meeting with failure .

②在英语中如果出现多个人称代词，单数并列为you ,he/she and I 或you ,him/her

and me ; 复数并列为we ,you and they 或 us ,you and them . 如果需承担责

任，说话者则把第一人称放在第一位。

e.g. You, she and I are all interested in the story.

We ,you and they should retum on time .

I and liming broke the window .

③she通常可以用来代替国家、船只、大地、月亮等。it有时也可指人（尤其是婴儿）

China will always do what she has promised to do .

e.g. Look at the poor little child. It has just fallen down.

④人称代词单独使用时，常用宾格而不用主格。

I ’d like to stay here for another week .---- me too .

You are supposed to help Jack . Why me ?

注意：人称代词用于as 和than 之后，如果把as 和than 看做介词，此时往往用宾格；如果b把as 和than看做连词，则往往用主格。

She speaks Japanese as well as me .(as做介词 ).

She speaks Japanese as well as I do .( as做连词)

三、物主代词

（表示所有关系的代词，是人称代词的属格形式）

2、物主代词的句法功能

⑴形容词性物主代词

①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词之前，其人称、数、性别取决于它们所指代的名词或代词。形容性物主代词主要用作定语。

e.g. his hobby our plan

I was searching for my glasses while they turned up right under my nose . Monica usually tried her best to make us understand her lectures .

⑵名词性物主代词

①名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前，其形式取决于它们所指代的名词或代词。名词性物主代词在句子中作主语、表语、宾语或与of 连用作定语。

A.作主语 e.g. That isn’t my car. Mine is being repaired.

B.作表语 e.g. Is this your book or mine?

C.作宾语 e.g. You may use my umbrella. I’ll use hers.

D.“of+名词性物主代词”可以做定语，相当于名词的双重所有格

e.g. Is he a neighbor of yours? This book is yours(your book) .where’s mine(my book ) ?

巧记：用“名”还是用“形”，横线后的词来决定；无“名”则“名”，有“名”则“形”。

四、反身代词

（用来表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”等意义的