英语时态总结(完整版)

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。）

英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

（1）一般现在时

基本形式（以do为例）：

第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；

肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；

He works for us.

否定句：主语＋don‘t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他；

He doesn't work for us.

一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。

肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）．

否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.）

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语

Does he work for us?

Yes, he does.

No, he doesn't

What does he do for us?

He works for us.

（2）一般过去时

be动词＋行为动词的过去式

否定句式：在行为动词前加didn‘t，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not；

was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词

例如：Did he work for us?

He didn't work for us.

He worked for us.

（3）一般将来时

am／are／is＋going to＋do 或

will／shall＋do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do;

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

will + 动词原形；

例如：He is going to work for us.

He will work for us；

He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子！！

(4)过去将来时

be（was，were）going to+动词原形

be（was，were）about to+动词原形

be（was，were）to+动词原形

肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.

否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.

疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？

肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.

否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.

疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？

He would work for us.

(5)现在进行时

主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

例如：I am buying a book.

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式）

第三人称+is+doing+sth

例：He is working.

(6)过去进行时

肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它；答语：Yes,I主语+was/we re./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

He was working when he was alive.

(7)将来进行时

主语+will + be +现在分词

He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

(8)过去将来进行时

should(would)+be+现在分词

He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work f or us.

(9)现在完成时

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\

He has worked for us for ten years.

Has he worked for us for ten years.

(10)过去完成时

基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had

否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）

语法判定:

（ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

（ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

（ 3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

(11)将来完成时

（shall）will+have+动词过去分词

before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.