名词性从句引导词(讲义)

1. 基本掌握名词性从句的异同及判定方法。

2. 系统掌握名词性从句众多引导词的功能及它们之间的辨析。

重点：判定名词性从句并选择正确的连接词。

难点：掌握名词性从句中不同引导词之间的区别。

1. 作为三大从句之一，名词性从句是高中英语中需要重点掌握的知识，也是高考考查的重点。在高考试题中对名词性从句的考查非常频繁，而且出现多年连续考查的情况。

2. 在近年的高考试题中，涉及名词性从句的题目突出了对what, that, whatever等引导词的考查，从考查形式来看，试题的设置也越来越灵活，越来越新颖多样：其一，把两种名词性从句融合在一起考查；其二，与状语从句或强调句型结合起来考查；其三，名词性从句与it 作形式主语、形式宾语相结合的考查。

名词性从句引导词分类

名词性从句的引导词可以分作四类：连接词，连接代词，连接副词和“疑问词-ever”等。

1. 连接词（不作成分）：①that（无实际意思）

②whether, if“是否”（疑问含义）

2. 连接代词（作主、宾、表语）：①who, whom

②what, which

3. 连接副词（作状、表语）：when，where, why, how

4. 疑问词-ever：whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever

①It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.

知道我们不在的时候狗会被照顾得很好是极好的。

②It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.

新形成的政策能否被投入使用还有待于观察。

③What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

你在会上所说的话给这个公司勾勒出了一幅光明的未来图景。

④What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

我想要告诉你的是我所拥有的对父母深深的爱和尊敬。

⑤Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.

警察发现了似乎是遗失古董的东西。

⑥The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

在最高水平获得成功的唯一方式是要有完全的信念你比运动界的任何别的人都要优秀。

⑦What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.

这部电影里对我触动最大的是那位父亲对他儿子深深的爱。

⑧From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

从太空来看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约百分之七十一的表面被水覆盖。

As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.

A. whatever

B. whichever

C. whenever

D. wherever

答案：B

思路分析：本题考查宾语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填内容引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，而C，D两项作状语，可排除；另外，由信息词five courses与choose可

知是在给定的范围中做出选择，故排除whatever“无论什么”，选择whichever“无论哪个”。句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以自由选择最适合你的那一门。

名词性从句引导词的省略问题

名词性从句中的省略仅涉及that，其他引导词均不可省略。

1. 主语、表语、同位语从句中that均不可省略；

2. 宾语从句中that多数情况下可以省略；

3. that引导宾语从句中以下情况不可省略：

①介词后引导宾语从句that不可省；

②并列宾语从句中自第二个起that不可省；

③it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句，that多不可省。

①I know nothing about him except that he is going abroad for further education.

我对他一无所知，除了知道他即将出国深造之外。

②Little Alice didn’t know, I’m sure, that her sister was going to America.

我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。

③Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother.

汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。

④That they would take the risk was very clear.

他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。

⑤We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.

我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。

⑥He heard the news that his team had won.

他听到了他的队获胜的消息。

The teacher told the students they should hand in their homework the next day and the homework must be signed names by their parents.

A. that; what

B. what; that

C. 不填；that

D. that; 不填

答案：C

思路分析：两空所填的答案均引导宾语从句，视为and连接的两个宾语从句，分别分析从句结构发现，引导词均不作成分，没有实际意思，故而应选择that，而同时又知道并列宾语从句中第二个起that不可省略，故而应当选择C。

名词性从句引导词的辨析

（一）that和what的选用

that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

It is certain that he will do well in his new job. （主语从句）

Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? （宾语从句）

My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. （表语从句）

The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. （同位语从句）

当用that引导从句时，需注意以下情况：

1. 在主语从句中，that一般不可省略，尤其是当主语从句位于句首时，它绝对不可省略。如：