专八听力会话4大题型及解题技巧教学教材

第二周听力会话

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星期1 Monday 4大题型及解题技巧

纵观历年真题，会话的形式分为对话与访谈两类，近年来考试以访谈为主。访谈又可分为采访与面试。无论是对话、采访还是面试，试题按照考查内容划分可以分为四种题型：主旨题、细节题、推断题、观点态度题。

一、主旨题

主旨题主要考查考生对访谈或对话的主题（topic或main point）和访谈或对话的大意（main idea）的概括或判断能力。

这种题型考试中比例不是很大，此题型常见的提问方式有：

The interview mainly focus on

The main idea of this interview is

The interview is mainly about

From the conversation, we get the impression that

二、细节题

细节题主要针对对话或访谈中的某个细节提问。考查对于会话中所提及的多项具体信息的辨别能力和理解能力。

这类命题占到试题比例的80%左右。根据其具体考查方式的不同，又可以分为两种情况：

1．细节理解题

考查对交谈中某个表达或者说法的理解或阐释，或考查对话双方或被采访者所做某事的原因、过程、结果等细节的理解。提问方式有：

The interview says that … is

What …said means that

According to …,…means

【例2】（08-4）

2．细节辨认题

考查对话或访谈中提到三个或三个以上的事物的辨别能力，即某一细节或事实是否在对话双方或被采访的回答中被提及。问题为排除或者直接提问其中的一个，既要求对号入座。此类题型答案一般包含于原文之中。提问中的标志性词语是not，except。

三、推断题

推断题主要考查考生对对话重要细节的引申含义的理解，要求考生在理解原文所直接陈述的观点或事实的基础上，进行合乎逻辑的进一步推理，领悟作者的言外之意。

推断题是相对较难的一种题型，需要考生对一个或几个细节有深层次的理解。常见的提问方式有：

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

According to…, ….

It can be assumed/inferred from the interview…

四、观点态度题

观点态度题主要针对会话双方对所讨论的话题所表现的个人态度进行提问。要求考生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事或某物的态度及观点。

观点态度题在考试中所占比例也不是很大，题干中的标志性词语是attitude towards，选项多为表示观点态度的形容词，如：negative, positive, ambiguous, neutral, optimistic, pessimistic, indifferent, critical, disappointed, depressed, impartial等等。

【例5】（08-5）

【解题技巧】

1. In what general ways has the role of the American male changed?

[A] They earn more money than they used to.

[B] They are less sensitive today.

[C] They are more active in work.

[D] They take on more domestic roles.

2. Which of the following is NOT a way the role of men has changed?

[A] They take an active attitude towards housework.

[B] Most of them think men and women should have equal share in raising children.

[C] Some men take on most of his wife’s roles.

[D] Some men are raising children exclusively.

3. What does the man say is the main cause of this change?

[A] Unemployment.

[B] Job-related stress.

[C] Housework.

[D] Frequency of divorces.

4. According to the man, how do most fathers feel about their taking on women’ role?

[A] Most of them are willing to do this.

[B] Most of them feel reluctant to take on those jobs.

[C] Most of them do not want to openly express their love.

[D] Most of them like those jobs.

5. Which of the following is a problem caused by the changing role of men?

[A] A household brings in less money.

[B] Women spend less time with their children.

[C] Children are not well taken care of at home.