专八人文知识汇总-自我总结版

第一章英语国家概括

第一节英国概括

I地理

有四个部分组成great Britain （England ，Wales，Scotland）and northern Ireland

n地理特征最短的海峡strait of Dover多佛海峡

1 England the pennies 英格兰最主要的山脉

2 Scotland three natural zone ：the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands ，首都是

Edinburgh ，river Clyde 克莱德河是最重要的河流，

3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府

4 northern Ireland Belfast 英国最大的湖是内伊湖（Lough Neagh）

5 Rivers and lakes

最长的是Severn river （赛文河），第二长和最重要的是泰晤士河，（Thames river）,

典型的海洋性气候（maritime climate ）

川人口60million ，英国人是Anglo-Saxons ,苏格兰人hospitable and generous, Wales are emotional and cheerful people，北爱尔兰的官方语言是爱尔兰语，其次才是英语ethic groups 伦敦是最大的少数名族聚居区

IV History :

1 first settlers are Lberians （伊利比亚人）

2 1066（Norman conquer）1215 （大宪章）1337—1453（英法百年战争）1381（农民

起义）1458（玫瑰战争, 1350-1650（Renaissance）1642-1646 （first civil war ）, 1658

（the restoration 王朝复辟）1688（the glorious revolution ）

V教育实行的是5-16岁都必须前去学习

W Religio n

Established churches 分为the Church of England （official church ,英国君主必须是这个教的成员主教和大主教由monarch 指定）and the Church of Scotland （Presbyterian , 长老教会）Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英国圣公会, the free churches 自由教, the roman catholic church 天主教

vn 主要节日

Christmas day December 25 th Easter 复活节（主要的天主教节日）whit Sun day （圣灵降临节,复活节后的第7个周日）Gay Fawkes day （盖伊福克斯之夜, 11月5日, 燃放烟火的节日）

忸sports，足球是最受欢迎的（职业足球从August至U May）,最典型的英国运动是cricket ，板球）网球（annual Wimbledon fortnight

IX Arts 博物馆（the British museum, the national history museum .the national army museum ,the national gallery ）

Music （甲壳虫乐队，the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and drama

X media （BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,finan cial times ,the Guardia n, the times （泰晤士报）the observer （the first Sunday newspaper）

幻Political

constitutional monarchy ，没有宪法，全靠惯例，

parliament （the house of lord and the house of commons ，任期为五年）

political party ：labor party(Whigs 辉格党) and conservative party ( Tories 托利党) 第二节美国概括

I yellow National park (大平原地带),大峡谷 (the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the

largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city( san Francisco, also the second largest city in California )

n Alaska and Hawaii (Alaska 居住着Inuits , also called Eskimos)

Hawaii ( Mauna Loa，莫纳罗亚山，the world 'largest active volca no，盛产sugar cane and pin eapple，首府是Honolulu )

川地理特征

1 两大主要山脉是，Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains ，

2 the Mississippi river ( greatest continental rivers ，American Ruhr )，Ohio river (俄亥俄

河)

3 the great lakes: lake Michigan (唯一一个在美国境内)，lake superior (世界上最大的淡水

湖) ，the lake Huron (休伦湖) lake Erie (伊利湖) and lake Ontario (安大略湖)

IV history

1620，201 pilgrim ，mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775 (,the second continental congress),1776( declaration of independence) , in September 1783, (英国承认其独立，签署停火协议) ，1789( established federal government)，1812(和英国开战，认识到强大的联邦政府的重要) 1861-1865(civil war ) ,gilded age (镀金时代，国内战争到20 世纪初)，1949 (north Atlantic treaty)，1950s (civil rights movement) 1950-1975 (the Vietnam war)，1972(Watergate scandal) 1972 (访华)，1979(中美建交)

V America n political

美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法， (1789 讨论成立，国会两院，三分之二以上赞成便可以对宪法进行修改。 )政党(democratic and republican party)

W economy :

federal reserve system(coin money ),

wheat is American 'smost important food crop, cotton is a leading commercial crop in south ,

greatest user and producer of tobacco , second export of rice after Thailand

W education :6-16

忸festival; Christmas (December 25),marti n Luther ki ng' day(the third Mon day in January ),Lincoln 's day (February 12) George Washington 'sbirthday( the third Monday in February ),Easter

Sunday( a Sunday between march 22 and April 25 )independence day (July 4) ,

Halloween( October 31),thanksgiving day (the fourth Thursday in November)

IX 重要城市

1 New York (largest city ，big apple ，five boroughs : Manhattan，Brooklyn ，queens，

the Bronx and the Staten island )

2 Boston (largest and vibrant city in new England，with the greatest concentration of colleges

and universities )

3 Los Angeles( the pacific coast's largest and busiest commercial city with the second largest